nginx 学习笔记之nginx反向代理(三)

骑猪看日落 2023-07-11 11:11 1阅读 0赞

## 引言 ##

在一个高并发系统下，单台tomcat往往是难以胜任工作需要，这时候我们就需要考虑nginx和tomcat结合来实现一套反向代理的系统，以便提高系统处理并发的能力，加强系统可靠性。为了满足上述需求，我们需要准备两套系统—nginx和tomcat。  
若果有小伙伴不会安装nginx，请看小猿的[nginx 学习笔记之nginx服务器的安装(二)][nginx _nginx]，如果有同学还对tomcat服务器安装以及手动部署war包有疑问，就请看小猿的[tomcat 手动部署war包][tomcat _war]。

## 任务分析 ##

在准备好以上的环境之后，我们先来简单的说明一下此次的测试任务。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
如图有n个客户端同时访问门户站，但是单台tomcat的并发量大概在250左右，那么现在的并发量超过1000，那么我们就需要将这些并发请求合理分配到不容的服务器上。

## nginx配置 ##

## tomcat环境检查 ##

在配置nginx为代理服务器之前，先确保tomcat四台tomcat能正常运行，目前小猿的电脑中四台服务器都已经打开。  
分别进入不同tomcat的bin目录中：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200306160218389.png]  
输入启动命令

./startup.sh

对四台tomcat依次执行上述命令后  
执行

ps -ef | grep tomcat

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
用浏览器访问看看效果。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
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### nginx环境检查 ###

当4台tomcat全部配置成功后，小猿开始配置nginx，在配置nginx之前首先需要查看nginx环境是否依然有效  
进入nginx文件目录下,开始启动nginx。

./nginx -c nginx.conf

有此处可知nginx已经启动  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200306161105209.png]  
看看效果。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
需要修改nginx配置文件，首先得需要关闭nginx，执行

./nginx -s stop
    ps -ef | grep nginx

![在这里插入图片描述][20200306161836613.png]  
nginx已经关闭。

### nginx.conf 文件修改 ###

此处小猿editplus来修改，小猿的本地服务器出现了一些问题，此处演示小猿在阿里服务器部署项目，修改如下代码nginx中的配置文件nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        upstream tomcats {
            #ip_hash;    保证每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器
            server localhost:9000   weight=2;  #tomcat  7.0
            server localhost:9001   weight=3;  #tomcat  7.0
            server localhost:9002   weight=2;  #tomcat  7.0
            #server localhost:9003   max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;  #tomcat 9.0
        }
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
               #root   html;
               #在响应头文件中添加被代理服务器的ip地址以及端口信息
    	      add_header backendIP       $upstream_addr; 
              add_header backendCode  $upstream_status;
    	      proxy_pass   http://tomcats; 
              index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

启动n台tomcat，然后启动nginx就可访问，小猿此处启动了3台tomcat和一台nginx。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

## 访问nginx ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1ZXNoYW5mZWl0aWFu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
行笔至此，小猿的nginx反向代+负载均衡服务器已算是彻底圆满了。

[nginx _nginx]: https://blog.csdn.net/xueshanfeitian/article/details/104532498
[tomcat _war]: https://blog.csdn.net/xueshanfeitian/article/details/104694283
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