【python邮件服务】每天早上定时定时发送天气给邮箱

秒速五厘米 2023-07-09 13:23 12阅读 0赞

# 壹：获取天气api #

打开**和风天气**：https://console.heweather.com/，在注册和登陆之后，点击应用管理新建应用，创建key就会有下列实例。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200228225449109.png]

## 一：api： ##

打开https://dev.heweather.com/docs/api/weather开发文档查看调用api

注意：分为免费版与商业版，一般我们个人使用只要用免费版就行了。
    api：
    1、现在：now（实况天气）
    https://free-api.heweather.net/s6/weather/now?location=beijing&key=*******
    2、预测：forecast（3-10天预报）
    https://free-api.heweather.net/s6/weather/forecast?location=beijing&key=c49c31ad03b54c90b821af7c125ee0af
    3、更多请看文档。。。

## 二：结果显示： ##

1、现在：now（实况天气）
    { "HeWeather6":[{ "basic":{ "cid":"CN101010100","location":"北京","parent_city":"北京","admin_area":"北京","cnty":"中国","lat":"39.90498734","lon":"116.4052887","tz":"+8.00"},"update":{ "loc":"2020-02-28 23:00","utc":"2020-02-28 15:00"},"status":"ok","now":{ "cloud":"0","cond_code":"100","cond_txt":"晴","fl":"-1","hum":"80","pcpn":"0.0","pres":"1015","tmp":"2","vis":"15","wind_deg":"204","wind_dir":"西南风","wind_sc":"2","wind_spd":"9"}}]}
    2、预测：forecast（3-10天预报）
    { 
        "HeWeather6": [
            { 
                "basic": { 
                    "cid": "CN101010100",
                    "location": "北京",
                    "parent_city": "北京",
                    "admin_area": "北京",
                    "cnty": "中国",
                    "lat": "39.90498734",
                    "lon": "116.4052887",
                    "tz": "+8.00"
                },
                "update": { 
                    "loc": "2020-02-28 22:57",
                    "utc": "2020-02-28 14:57"
                },
                "status": "ok",
                "daily_forecast": [
                    { 
                        "cond_code_d": "100",
                        "cond_code_n": "101",
                        "cond_txt_d": "晴",
                        "cond_txt_n": "多云",
                        "date": "2020-02-28",
                        "hum": "67",
                        "mr": "09:12",
                        "ms": "22:21",
                        "pcpn": "0.0",
                        "pop": "0",
                        "pres": "1011",
                        "sr": "06:48",
                        "ss": "18:05",
                        "tmp_max": "8",
                        "tmp_min": "0",
                        "uv_index": "8",
                        "vis": "25",
                        "wind_deg": "239",
                        "wind_dir": "西南风",
                        "wind_sc": "1-2",
                        "wind_spd": "2"
                    },
                    { 
                        "cond_code_d": "104",
                        "cond_code_n": "104",
                        "cond_txt_d": "阴",
                        "cond_txt_n": "阴",
                        "date": "2020-02-29",
                        "hum": "44",
                        "mr": "09:38",
                        "ms": "23:20",
                        "pcpn": "0.0",
                        "pop": "0",
                        "pres": "1016",
                        "sr": "06:46",
                        "ss": "18:06",
                        "tmp_max": "6",
                        "tmp_min": "1",
                        "uv_index": "1",
                        "vis": "25",
                        "wind_deg": "76",
                        "wind_dir": "东北风",
                        "wind_sc": "1-2",
                        "wind_spd": "7"
                    },
                    { 
                        "cond_code_d": "101",
                        "cond_code_n": "100",
                        "cond_txt_d": "多云",
                        "cond_txt_n": "晴",
                        "date": "2020-03-01",
                        "hum": "33",
                        "mr": "10:06",
                        "ms": "00:00",
                        "pcpn": "0.0",
                        "pop": "0",
                        "pres": "1020",
                        "sr": "06:45",
                        "ss": "18:07",
                        "tmp_max": "11",
                        "tmp_min": "-3",
                        "uv_index": "4",
                        "vis": "25",
                        "wind_deg": "3",
                        "wind_dir": "北风",
                        "wind_sc": "1-2",
                        "wind_spd": "3"
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }

## 三：参数说明 ##

我使用的是3-10天天气预报数据，天气预报包含的数据：日出日落、月升月落、最高最低温度、天气白天和夜间状况、风力、风速、风向、相对湿度、大气压强、降水量、降水概率、露点温度、紫外线强度、能见度等数据

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>参数</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
   <th>示例值</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>date</td> 
   <td>预报日期</td> 
   <td>2013-12-30</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sr</td> 
   <td>日出时间</td> 
   <td>07:36</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ss</td> 
   <td>日落时间</td> 
   <td>16:58</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mr</td> 
   <td>月升时间</td> 
   <td>04:47</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ms</td> 
   <td>月落时间</td> 
   <td>14:59</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tmp_max</td> 
   <td>最高温度</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tmp_min</td> 
   <td>最低温度</td> 
   <td>-5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cond_code_d</td> 
   <td>白天天气状况代码</td> 
   <td>100</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cond_code_n</td> 
   <td>夜间天气状况代码</td> 
   <td>100</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cond_txt_d</td> 
   <td>白天天气状况描述</td> 
   <td>晴</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cond_txt_n</td> 
   <td>晚间天气状况描述</td> 
   <td>晴</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>wind_deg</td> 
   <td>风向360角度</td> 
   <td>310</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>wind_dir</td> 
   <td>风向</td> 
   <td>西北风</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>wind_sc</td> 
   <td>风力</td> 
   <td>1-2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>wind_spd</td> 
   <td>风速，公里/小时</td> 
   <td>14</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hum</td> 
   <td>相对湿度</td> 
   <td>37</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pcpn</td> 
   <td>降水量</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pop</td> 
   <td>降水概率</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pres</td> 
   <td>大气压强</td> 
   <td>1018</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uv_index</td> 
   <td>紫外线强度指数</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>vis</td> 
   <td>能见度，单位：公里</td> 
   <td>10</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 贰：使用python编写代码 #

全局变量：

url = 'https://free-api.heweather.net/s6/weather/{}?location={}&key={}'
    city1 = 'changsha'
    key = '*****'

这里使用同一个url来拼接来获取当前与预测的天气

## 一：获取当前天气 ##

通过url获取当前的天气信息，并且转换为json数据。

def getNowWeather():
        ''' 获取现在天气的信息 :return: 格式化后的数据 '''
        res = json.loads(requests.get(url.format("now",city1,key)).text)
        location = res['HeWeather6'][0]['basic']
        result = res['HeWeather6'][0]['now']
        city = location['parent_city'] + location['location']
        cond_code = result['cond_code']
        cond_txt = result['cond_txt']
        tmp = result['tmp']
        weather = { "city":city,"cond_txt":cond_txt,"cond_code":cond_code,"tmp":tmp}
        return weather

## 二：获取预测天气 ##

获取的预测天气，得到的是天气数据转换为列表

def getForecastWeather():
        ''' 获取预测天气的信息 :return: 格式化后的数据 '''
        res = json.loads(requests.get(url.format("forecast",city1,key)).text)
        result = res['HeWeather6'][0]['daily_forecast']
        weatherData = []
        for data in result:
            date = data['date']
            cond_txt_d = data['cond_txt_d']
            cond_code_d = data['cond_code_d']
            tmp_max = data['tmp_max']
            tmp_min = data['tmp_min']
            sr = data['sr']
            ss = data['ss']
            weather = { "date":date,"cond_txt_d":cond_txt_d,"cond_code_d":cond_code_d,"tmp_max":tmp_max,"tmp_min":tmp_min,"sr":sr,"ss":ss}
            weatherData.append(weather)
        print(weatherData)
        return weatherData

## 三：发送邮件 ##

**首先**，设置好域名、邮件标题，收发件人等信息。

# 设置邮箱的域名
        HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'
        # 设置邮件标题
        TITLE= 'lomtom发给你的今日份天气预报信息，请查收'
        # 设置发件人邮箱
        FROM = '发件人邮箱'
        # 设置收件人邮箱
        TO = '收件人邮箱'		# 可以同时发送到多个邮箱，用逗号分开

**然后**，设置需要发送的信息，可以发一般的消息，我这里需要设置天气的样式，所以使用了html代码。

1、代码：
    	mail_body = """这里是html代码"""
    	message = MIMEText(mail_body, 'html', 'utf-8')
    	
    	# 设置邮件发件人
    	message['From'] = FROM
    	# 设置邮件收件人
    	message['To'] = TO
    	# 设置邮件标题
    	message['Subject'] = TITLE
        
    2、message打印
        Content - Type: text / html;
        charset = "utf-8"
        MIME - Version: 1.0
        Content - Transfer - Encoding: base64
        From: 发件人邮箱
        To: 收件人邮箱
        com
        Subject: =?utf - 8?b?5L
        uK5pel5Lu95aSp5rCU6aKE5oql5L + h5oGv77yM6K + 35
        p + l5pS2?=
        CiAgICA8cD7kvaDlpb3vvIzov5nmmK / kuIDku73mtYvor5VweXRob27oh6rliqjlj5HpgIHpgq7k

样式：  
![样式][20200229125054468.png]  
**最后**，设置邮件的相关信息并发送信息，一般来说，qq邮箱的端口为465，如果使用的是其他的邮箱，需要更换相应的端口。

# 设置发件人邮箱的域名和端口，qq邮箱端口为465
        email_client = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=HOST,port=465)
        email_client.login(user=FROM,password='你自己的授权码')
        email_client.sendmail(FROM, TO.split(','),message.as_string())
        # 关闭邮件发送客户端
        email_client.close()

## 四：启动定时任务 ##

python中有很多种方式来启动定时任务，我这里使用了`schedule`模块，我需要每天早上发送这个邮件，那么我需要设置一个定时任务，定时在每天早上七点半启动该任务，并且需要将`schedule`运行。

# 每天在7:30的时候运行send_email
        schedule.every().days.at("13:05").do(send_email)
        while True:
            # 保持schedule一直运行，然后去查询上面的任务
            schedule.run_pending()

## 五：运行 ##

ohup，使用nohup即可实现断开ssh连接命令也不会被终止。  
一般我们可以在结尾加上"&“来将命令同时放入后台运行，也可用”>new filename 2>&1"来更改缺省的重定向文件名。  
用法：

1、后台运行
    nohup python send_mail.py > send_mail.log 2>&1 &
    2、查看进程
    ps -ef | grep python
    3、杀死进程
    kill -s 9 27530

# 叁：效果图： #

![效果图][20200229131146784.png]

# 肆：作者有话 #

定时任务+邮箱服务这是不是很方便呢，在我们生活中，常需要这样的需求，作为单身的我们，每天定时给喜欢的人发送一条早安或者一条晚安信息，是不是很得女孩子的芳心呢，哈哈哈哈。

--------------------

# 作者 #

> 1、[作者个人网站][Link 1]  
> 2、[作者CSDN][CSDN]  
> 3、[作者博客园][Link 2]  
> 4、[作者简书][Link 3]

[20200228225449109.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200228225449109.png
[20200229125054468.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200229125054468.png
[20200229131146784.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200229131146784.png
[Link 1]: https://www.lomtom.top
[CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41929184
[Link 2]: https://www.cnblogs.com/lomtom/
[Link 3]: https://www.jianshu.com/u/fb248de41d92