SpringMVC--入门/使用/用法/实例/示例

向右看齐 2023-07-09 05:22 17阅读 0赞

首发网址：[SpringMVC--入门/使用/用法/实例/示例\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客][SpringMVC--_IT_-CSDN]

# 其他网址 #

[一、SpringMVC入门案例\_a2231476020的博客-CSDN博客][SpringMVC_a2231476020_-CSDN]

# **环境搭建** #

创建Maven工程，选择webapp

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
 <groupId>com.liaoxiang</groupId>
 <artifactId>springMVC_1-1_start</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <packaging>war</packaging>
 
 <name>springMVC_1-1_start Maven Webapp</name>
 
 <url>http://www.example.com</url>
 
 
 <properties>
 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
 <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
 <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
 </properties>
 
 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
 <version>2.5</version>
 <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
 <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
 <version>2.0</version>
 <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>
 
 </dependencies>
 
 <build>
 <finalName>springMVC_1-1_start</finalName>
 <pluginManagement>
 <plugins>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.0.0</version>
 </plugin>
 
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.0.2</version>
 </plugin>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.7.0</version>
 </plugin>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>2.20.1</version>
 </plugin>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.2.0</version>
 </plugin>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>2.5.2</version>
 </plugin>
 <plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>2.8.2</version>
 </plugin>
 </plugins>
 </pluginManagement>
 </build>
 
 </project>

web.xml

配置到本地tomcat  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190623152528409.png]

点+号  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
点击ok  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190623153259717.png]

# **入门案例** #

index.jsp

<code class="language-html"><%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>Title</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h3>入门程序</h3>
 <a href="/hello">入门程序</a>
 <br>
 <a href="/testRequestMapping?username=jack">RequestMapping注解</a>
 </body>
 </html>
 </code>

编写Controller类处理请求

@Controller
    public class HelloController {
        /**
         * 入门案例
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping(path="/hello")
        public String sayHello(){
            System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
            // 方法执行完跳转到success.jsp页面
            return "success";
        }
    }

在springmvc配置文件中开启spring注解支持，将该类加载到容器中，并开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持，`Controller`方法还行完成后跳转到另一个页面，需要配置试图解析器`InternalResourceViewResolver`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
 
 
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.liaoxiang"/>
 
 
 <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
 
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
 </bean>
 
 
 <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
 </beans>

同时需要在web.xml中配置加载springmvc.xml配置文件的时机

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
 <web-app>
 <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
 
 
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 
 <init-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
 
 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 </web-app>

在WEB-INF文件下新建成功跳转的页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>Title</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h3>入门成功</h3>
 </body>
 </html>

启动服务器，进入页面点击跳转，控制台打印  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

![在这里插入图片描述][20190623155245634.png]

# 流程分析 #

启动服务器：配置了`<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>`，所以`DispatcherServlet`被加载，同时springmvc配置文件被加载，创建`Controller`对象和视图解析器对象`internalResourceViewResolver`，并加入到IOC容器，配置了SpringMVC框架的注解，`sayHello()`方法能够处理请求。

当浏览器上点击链接，发送`/hello`请求，首先到达`DispatcherServlet`，然后根据路径执行`sayHello()`方法，方法执行返回`"success"`给`DispatcherServlet`，又经过`internalResourceViewResolver`的解析将success页面经过`DispatcherServlet`返回给浏览器。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

[SpringMVC--_IT_-CSDN]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104546816
[SpringMVC_a2231476020_-CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/a2231476020/article/details/93381525
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623152319551.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20190623152528409.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623152528409.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623152607575.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623153233511.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20190623153259717.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623153259717.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623155221935.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019062315523565.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20190623155245634.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623155245634.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190623162217267.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMjMxNDc2MDIw,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70