TypeScript基本操作，配置文件tsconfig.json详解,vscode和HBuilderX基本配置

清疚 2023-07-08 06:58 63阅读 0赞

## Node 基本命令 ##

**npm安装依赖**  
【npm install xxx】利用 npm 安装xxx依赖到当前命令行所在目录  
【npm install xxx -g】利用npm安装全局依赖xxx  
【npm install xxx –save】 安装并写入package.json的”dependencies”中  
【npm install xxx –save-dev】安装并写入package.json的”devDependencies”中

**npm删除依赖**  
【npm uninstall xxx】删除xxx依赖  
【npm uninstall xxx -g】删除全局依赖xxx

## VScode中使用ts ##

### 1. 基本配置：安装Node后，在终端安装typescript, ###

**1.安装到当前项目和安装到全局**

npm i typescript   //安装到当前目录
    
    npm i typescript -g   //安装到全局

**2. 安装配置文件tsconfig.json**  
执行之后自动生成一个 .json配置文件

tsc --init  //自动生成一个配置文件tsconfig.json

**3.配置文件tsconfig.json基本设置**  
*“outDir”: “./”, / Redirect output structure to the directory.(将输出结构重定向到目录) /转换为js的目录*

**--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------**

**例如：放到这个项目的js文件目录下**

outDir": "./js"

**4.设置配置文件监视：不用每次运行自动转换ts转换为js**  
vscode2020版本：  
点击终端找到运行任务—>>>选择tsc:监视  
1.  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
2.  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200225160208787.png]

## HBuilderX中使用ts ##

**1.安装插件**

工具–>插件安装–>找到typescript进行安装  
**2.设置编写监听自动将ts文件转换为js**

创建一个.ts文件右击–>外部命令–>typescript–>插件配置

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

**插件配置如下**  
**Package.json**  
[插件配置详细链接][Link 1]

*  修改：“onDidSaveExecution”: false //是否在保存时自动触发。如配为true，就会在保存时自动触发

{ 
    	"name": "typescript",
    	"id": "compile-typescript",
    	"version": "1.0.1-2018080916",
    	"external": { 
    		"type": "node",
    		"programPath": "${pluginPath}",
    		"executable": "/node_modules/.bin/tsc",
    		"programName": "typescript",
    		"commands": [
    			{ 
    				"id": "TYPESCRIPT_COMPILE",
    				"name": "编译TypeScript",
    				"command": [
    					"${programPath}",
    					"${file}"
    				],
    				"extensions": "ts",
    				"key": "",
    				"showInParentMenu": false,
    				"onDidSaveExecution": true
    			}
    		]
    	},
    	"dependencies": { 
    		"typescript": "^2.8.3"
    	},
    	"extensionDependencies": [
    		"npm"
    	],
    	"description": "compile-typescript插件用于typescript文件编译"
    }

**HBuilderX中使用ts 不如在vs中加载文件使用顺畅。hb中ts转换为js中文件创建与ts文件同级，未发现如何更换**

## \*\* 配置文件tsconfig.json详解\*\* ##

**通过在终端输入 tsc --init 自动下载**

{ 
      "compilerOptions": { 
        /* Basic Options (基本操作) */
         "incremental": true,                   /* (启用增量编译)*/
        "target": "es5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. (指定 ECMAScript 目标版本："ES3"（默认）、"ES5"、"ES2015"、"ES2016"、"ES2017"、"ES2018"、"ES2019"、"ES2020"或"ESNEXT") */
        "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'.（指定模块代码生成：'无'，'Commonjs'，'AMD'，'system'，'UMD'，'es2015'，'es2020'，或'ESNext'）*/
         "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. （指定要包含在编译中的库文件。）*/
         "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. (允许编译javascript文件。)*/
         "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. (报告.js文件中的错误。)*/
         "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'.(指定JSX代码生成:'preserve'、' reactive -native'或'react'。) */
         "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. (生成相应的.d.ts文件。)*/
         "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file.(为每个对应的“.d.ts”文件生成源映射。) */
         "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. (生成相应的“.map”文件。)*/
         "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. (连接并将输出发送到单个文件。)*/
         "outDir": "./",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory.(将输出结构重定向到目录) */
         "rootDir": "./",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. (指定输入文件的根目录。用于使用--outDir控制输出目录结构)*/
         "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation (启用项目编译)*/
         "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information(指定文件以存储增量编译信息) */
         "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output.(不要向输出发出注释。) */
         "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs.(不要发出输出。) */
         "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. (从“tslib”发出帮助程序。)*/
         "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. (在针对“ES5”或“ES3”时，在“for of”、“spread”和“destructuring”中为iterables提供完全支持。)*/
         "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). (将每个文件作为单独的模块进行传输（类似于“ts.Transpile module”）。)*/
    
        /* Strict Type-Checking Options (严格类型检查选项)*/
        "strict": true,                           /* Enable all strict type-checking options. (启用所有严格类型检查选项。)*/
         "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type.(对隐含“any”类型的表达式和声明引发错误。) */
         "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks.(启用严格的空检查。) */
         "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types.(启用函数类型的严格检查。) */
         "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. (对函数启用严格的“bind”、“call”和“apply”方法。)*/
         "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes.(在类中启用属性初始化的严格检查。) */
         "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. (对隐含“any”类型的“this”表达式引发错误。)*/
         "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file.(以严格模式解析并为每个源文件发出“使用严格”) */
    
        /* Additional Checks (附加检查)*/
         "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. (报告未使用的局部变量的错误。)*/
         "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters.(报告未使用参数的错误) */
         "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value.(不是函数中的所有代码路径都返回值时报告错误。) */
         "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement.(在switch语句中报告故障转移情况的错误。) */
    
        /* Module Resolution Options (模块分辨率选项) */
         "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6).(指定模块解析策略：“node”（node.js）或“classic”（TypeScript pre-1.6）。) */
         "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. (用于解析非绝对模块名的基目录。)*/
         "paths": { },                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'.(将导入重新映射到相对于“baseUrl”的查找位置的一系列项。) */
         "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime.(其组合内容表示运行时项目结构的根文件夹列表。) */
         "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from.(包含类型定义的文件夹列表) */
         "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. (要包含在编译中的类型声明文件。)*/
         "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking.(允许从没有默认导出的模块进行默认导入。这不会影响代码发出，只会影响类型检查。) */
        "esModuleInterop": true,                  /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. (通过为所有导入创建命名空间对象，启用CommonJS和ES模块之间的互操作性。表示“AllowSyntticDefaultImports”。)*/
         "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. (不要解析符号链接的实际路径。)*/
         "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,          /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules.(不解析符号链接的实际路径。允许从模块访问UMD全局变量。) */
    
        /* Source Map Options (源映射选项) */
         "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations.(指定调试器应在其中定位TypeScript文件而不是源位置。) */
         "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. (指定调试器应定位映射文件而不是生成位置的位置。)*/
         "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. (使用源映射生成单个文件，而不是使用单独的文件。)*/
         "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. (在单个文件中沿源映射发出源；需要设置“--inlineSourceMap”或“--sourceMap”。)*/
    
        /* Experimental Options (试验选项) */
         "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. (启用对ES7装饰器的实验性支持。)*/
         "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators.(启用对为装饰器发出类型元数据的实验性支持。) */
    
        /* Advanced Options (高级选项)*/
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true  /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file.(不允许对同一文件进行大小写不一致的引用。) */
      }
    
    
    }

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200225160124735.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200225160208787.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200225160208787.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200225165334165.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2MzgwMA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[Link 1]: https://ask.dcloud.net.cn/article/19599