Linux安装Mysql5.7详细过程（源码安装）

旧城等待， 2023-07-07 11:21 15阅读 0赞

## Linux安装Mysql详细过程（源码安装） ##

### 第一步：下载 ###

**进入到mysql官网下载自己对应版本的mysql**，  
下载地址：[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html\#downloads][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_5.7.html_downloads]  
我这里下载mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar版本  
将下载好的源码压缩包上传至：`/usr/local/mysql`

**也可以进入linux后用命令下载**

[root@zyq mysql]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

### 第二步：检查卸载 ###

安装前，我们可以检测系统是否自带安装 MySQL:

[root@zyq mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

如有，类似 `mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64`那可以选择进行卸载:

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64　　// 普通删除模式
    rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64　　// 强力删除模式，如果使用上面命令删除时，提示有依赖的其它文件，则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除

检查否存在 mariadb 数据库，如有，卸载之，卸载同上

[root@zyq mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

如有，类似`mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64`  
则 卸载`rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64`

### 第三步 安装 ###

**安装源文件版本：mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar**

**进入安装包 `cd /usr/local/mysql` 解压源码文件，并重新命名`mysql-5.7`**

[root@zyq mysql]# ll
    总用量 1048512
    drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 2月  21 21:30 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    -rw-------. 1 root root 650215424 2月  21 21:34 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@zyq mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7
    [root@zyq mysql]# ll
    总用量 649172
    drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 2月  21 21:30 mysql-5.7
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664749587 2月  21 16:55 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

**创建数据文件`mkdir data`**

[root@zyq mysql]# mkdir data
    [root@zyq mysql]# ll
    总用量 649172
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 2月  21 21:36 data
    drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 2月  21 21:30 mysql-5.7
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664749587 2月  21 16:55 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@zyq mysql]#

**检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建`在这里插入代码片`**

[root@zyq mysql]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
    #类似
    mysql:x:490:
    [root@zyq mysql]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
    #类似
    mysql:x:496:490::/home/mysql:/bin/bash

**以上为存在的情况，如无，执行添加命令：`groupadd mysql` 和 `useradd -r -g mysql mysql`**

[root@zyq mysql]# groupadd mysql
    [root@zyq mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

*\#useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统*

**将`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7`的所有者及所属组改为mysql**

[root@zyq mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7
    [root@zyq mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
    [root@zyq mysql]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
    [root@zyq mysql]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7
    [root@zyq mysql]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7

**在`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files`目录下创建`my_default.cnf`**

[root@zyq support-files]# vim my_default.cnf

**修修或者添加一下内容**

[client]
    no-beep
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    # pipe
    # socket=0.0
    port=3306
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    port=3306
    log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
    pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
    #skip-grant-tables
    skip-name-resolve
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    character-set-server=utf8
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
    # Server Id.
    server-id=1
    max_connections=2000
    query_cache_size=0
    table_open_cache=2000
    tmp_table_size=246M
    thread_cache_size=300
    #限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
    thread_stack = 192k
    key_buffer_size=512M
    read_buffer_size=4M
    read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
    innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
    innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
    innodb_log_file_size=128M
    innodb_thread_concurrency=128
    innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
    innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
    innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
    innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
    innodb_open_files=300
    innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
    back_log=80
    flush_time=0
    join_buffer_size=128M
    max_allowed_packet=1024M
    max_connect_errors=2000
    open_files_limit=4161
    query_cache_type=0
    sort_buffer_size=32M
    table_definition_cache=1400
    binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
    sync_master_info=10000
    sync_relay_log=10000
    sync_relay_log_info=10000
    #批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    interactive_timeout = 120
    wait_timeout = 120
    log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
    
    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

**拷贝`my_default.cnf`文件到`/etc/my.cnf`如果提示是否覆盖，y**

[root@zyq support-files]# cp my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf 
    cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
    [root@zyq support-files]#

修改mysql.server文件，进入`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files`目录修改`mysql.server`,修改内容如下找到`mysqld_pid_file_path=`修改MySQL的安装路径及数据路径

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
    
    # Set some defaults
    mysqld_pid_file_path=
    if test -z "$basedir"
    then
      basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7
      bindir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/bin
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
        datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
      fi
      sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/bin
      libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/bin
    else
      bindir="$basedir/bin"
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
        datadir="$basedir/data"
      fi
      sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
      libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
    fi

**把启动脚本放到开机初始化目录进入`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files`目录下执行`cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql`**

[root@zyq support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    [root@zyq support-files]#

**初始化 mysqld** 进入到`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7`执行`./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/`

[root@zyq mysql-5.7]#./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

**初始化完成之后进入`/usr/local/mysql/data`，查看`cat mysqld.log`日志找出随机生成mysql数据库登录的临时密码**

[root@zyq data]# cat mysqld.log 
    2020-02-21T14:02:25.896593Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2020-02-21T14:02:25.896962Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
    2020-02-21T14:02:25.896973Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
    2020-02-21T14:02:26.710078Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2020-02-21T14:02:26.791482Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2020-02-21T14:02:26.902798Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: caa64450-54b2-11ea-8c3c-000c2923d700.
    2020-02-21T14:02:26.904801Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2020-02-21T14:02:28.091585Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
    2020-02-21T14:02:28.293469Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s7kh.#l8%O6p
    [root@zyq data]#

**找出临时密码：`2020-02-21T14:02:28.293469Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s7kh.#l8%O6p`密码就是：`s7kh.#l8%O6p` 记住密码随后登陆需要**

**启动mysql服务`service mysql start`**

[root@zyq support-files]# service mysql start
    Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

**进入`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7/bin`执行`./mysql -u root -p`登录mysql，密码为初始密码**

[root@zyq bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.29
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

**修改密码：`set password=password('密码');`**

mysql> set password=password('123456');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

**授权root权限使得外部地址使用root登陆`grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';`**

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

**刷新权限：`flush privileges;`**

mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

**至此mysql源码安装已完成**

***本人亲自安装测式，写此博文作为记录；  
docker安装mysql传送门：[https://blog.csdn.net/iT\_MaNongking/article/details/104405756][https_blog.csdn.net_iT_MaNongking_article_details_104405756]***

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_5.7.html_downloads]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
[https_blog.csdn.net_iT_MaNongking_article_details_104405756]: https://blog.csdn.net/iT_MaNongking/article/details/104405756