LNMP架构——nginx+tomcat搭建nginx反向代理实现tomcat负载均衡

系统管理员 2023-07-06 13:16 95阅读 0赞

本次实验是在[LNMP架构——部署nginx+jsp+tomcat实现动静态资源分离][LNMP_nginx_jsp_tomcat]基础上进行的，搭建了lnmp+memcache+openresty+tomcat+jsp环境基础上进行的，接下来我将配置tomcat+jsp负载均衡，可参考上一篇搭建出相同环境。  
如果您的实验未搭建openresty+memcache并不影响本次实验，只是影响客户端访问性能。

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  一、前言
     *  二、搭建nginx反向代理实现tomcat负载均衡
     *   *   *  实验环境
             *  实验
             *  总结

## 一、前言 ##

tomcat主要用于web网页应用，它的静态处理能力低于nginx服务器但是可以当做容器主要用于JAVA程序编写的页面.jsp。用于测试。

可以实现负载均衡，反向代理，tomcat和其他的服务相比较，性价比高。另外tomcat是有apache基金会维护和支持

本次实验我将搭建nginx作为反向代理服务器，转发多个tomcat服务器，实现负载均衡。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 二、搭建nginx反向代理实现tomcat负载均衡 ##

#### 实验环境 ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>主机名</th> 
   <th>ip</th> 
   <th>服务</th> 
   <th>版本</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>server1</td> 
   <td>172.25.1.101</td> 
   <td>lnmp+memcache+OpenResty+tomcat+jsp</td> 
   <td>rhel6.5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>server2</td> 
   <td>172.25.1.102</td> 
   <td>tomcat+jsp</td> 
   <td>rhel6.5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>真机</td> 
   <td>172.25.1.250</td> 
   <td>客户端</td> 
   <td>rhel7.3</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 实验 ####

重新创建一个虚拟机server2

在server1上：  
将加压配置好的tomcat和jkd文件发送到server2上

cd /usr/local
    scp -r apache-tomcat-7.0.37 jdk1.7.0_79 root@server2:/usr/local/

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
在server2上：  
步骤一：做软链接

cd /usr/local
    ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.37 tomcat
    ln -s jdk1.7.0_79 java

![在这里插入图片描述][20200219124013719.png]  
步骤二：配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_79
    export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
    export  PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
    
    source /etc/profile

![在这里插入图片描述][20200219124027398.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20200219124031145.png]  
步骤三：编辑openresty中配置文件，添加tomcat主机，并重启nginx

*  如果没有配置openresty，则直接修改nginx配置文件

cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/
    vim nginx.conf
    
     17 http {
        
     18     upstream tomcat{
        
     19         server 172.25.1.101:8080; 
     20         server 172.25.1.102:8080;
     21     }
    
     72         location ~ \.jsp$ {
        
     73             proxy_pass   http://tomcat;
     74         }
    
    /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

![在这里插入图片描述][2020021912405570.png]![在这里插入图片描述][202002191241065.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20200219124142871.png]  
步骤四：先删除原有测试页，再编辑新测试页test.jsp，并发送server2

cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
    rm -fr test.jsp 
    vim test.jsp 
    
    <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
    <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
    <html><head><title>Cluster App Test</title></head>
    <body>
    Server Info:
    <%
    out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort()+"<br>");%>
    <%
    out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId()+"<br>");
    String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
    if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {
        
    String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");
    session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
    }
    out.print("<b>Session list</b>");
    Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
    while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
        
    String name = (String)e.nextElement();
    String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
    out.println( name + " = " + value+"<br>");
    System.out.println( name + " = " + value);
    }
    %>
    <form action="test.jsp" method="POST">
    name:<input type=text size=20 name="dataName">
    <br>
    key:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue">
    <br>
    <input type=submit>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    scp test.jsp server2:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
步骤五：重启tomcat，并查看端口

cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin/
    ./shutdown.sh 
    ./startup.sh 
    netstat -antuple

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
在server2上：

cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin/
    ./startup.sh

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
在真机上：  
打开浏览器访问测试页http://172.25.1.101/test.jsp  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NhcGVqYXNtaW5lWQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

#### 总结 ####

可以看到两个服务器轮流对客户端提供服务。由此，客户端提交数据到一台主机上，轮询调度时会发生数据丢失。举个简单的例子，用户登陆淘宝页面，服务器A提供服务，用户输入登陆信息，点击登陆，刷新页面同时后端服务器调转到B上，用户输入的信息丢失，反复出现登陆界面。具体解决方法见下一篇。

补充：  
在server1上：  
我们还可以在配置文件添加权重weight

vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    
     17 http {
        
     18     upstream tomcat{
        
     19         server 172.25.1.101:8080 weight=1;
     20         server 172.25.1.102:8080 weigth=2;
     21     }

[LNMP_nginx_jsp_tomcat]: https://blog.csdn.net/CapejasmineY/article/details/104378497
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