ftp--ubuntu安装vsftp匿名访问配置

痛定思痛。 2023-07-05 13:18 52阅读 0赞

> FTP(File Transfer Protocal)，文件传输协议是TCP/IP协议族中的协议之一。  
> FTP协议包括两个组成部分，分别为FTP服务器和FTP客户端。FTP服务器用来存储文件，用户可以使用FTP客户端通过FTP协议访问位于FTP服务器上的资源。  
> 默认情况下FTP协议使用TCP端口中的20和21这两个端口，其中20用于传输数据，21用于传输控制信息。

`vsftpd`(very secure FTP daemon)，安全性其最大的特点，是一个完全免费、开源的ftp服务器软件，支持很多其他的ftp服务器所不支持的特征。小巧轻快，安全易用。

## 安装 ##

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默认会创建一个ftp用户  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200215172312641.png_pic_center]`/srv/ftp`是匿名用户默认的文件存储目录,没有什么特殊需求我们就用这个目录即可，如果需要配置成其他目录  
`anon_root=/setting`  
注意配置的目录的用户和用户组属性必须和/srv/ftp相同，通常是  
`sudo chown -R root:ftp <你的目录>`  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200215174829480.png_pic_center]

## 配置 ##

`/etcvsftpd.conf` 该位置为配置文件  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200215174931426.png_pic_center]

#### 匿名登录配置 ####

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
    #
    # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
    # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
    # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
    #
    # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
    # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
    # capabilities.
    #
    #
    # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
    # daemon started from an initscript.
    listen=NO
    #
    # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
    # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
    # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
    # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
    # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
    # files.
    listen_ipv6=YES
    #
    # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
    # 允许匿名登录
    anonymous_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
    local_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
    # 允许写
    write_enable=YES
    #
    # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
    # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
    #local_umask=022
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
    # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
    # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
    # 匿名用户允许上传
    anon_upload_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
    # new directories.
    # 允许匿名用户创建目录
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
    # go into a certain directory.
    dirmessage_enable=YES
    #
    # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
    # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
    # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
    # option.
    use_localtime=YES
    #
    # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
    # 激活上传下载的的日志记录
    xferlog_enable=YES
    #
    # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
    connect_from_port_20=YES
    #
    # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
    # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
    # recommended!
    #chown_uploads=YES
    #chown_username=whoever
    #
    # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
    # below.
    #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
    #
    # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
    # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
    #xferlog_std_format=YES
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
    #idle_session_timeout=600
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
    #data_connection_timeout=120
    #
    # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
    # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
    #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
    #
    # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
    # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
    # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
    #async_abor_enable=YES
    #
    # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
    # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
    # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
    # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
    # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
    # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
    # raw file.
    # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
    #ascii_upload_enable=YES
    #ascii_download_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    # 自定义banner
    ftpd_banner=Welcome to moddemod!
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
    #
    # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
    # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
    # chroot_list_enable below.
    #chroot_local_user=YES
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
    # users to NOT chroot().
    # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
    # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
    # chroot)
    #chroot_local_user=YES
    #chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
    #
    # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
    # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
    # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
    # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
    #ls_recurse_enable=YES
    #
    # Customization
    #
    # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
    # default.
    #
    # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
    # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
    # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
    # access.
    secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
    #
    # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    #
    # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
    # encrypted connections.
    rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
    rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
    ssl_enable=NO
    
    #
    # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
    #utf8_filesystem=YES

其他选项可不用配置！

## 启动 ##

sudo systemctl start vsftpd
    sudo systemctl enable vsftpd # 设置开机自启动
    sudo systemctl status vsftpd

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设置目录权限  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzMzY0Mg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]  
upload目录至少需要775的权限，才可以实现创建目录，上传文件等操作。

![在这里插入图片描述][20200215183442306.png_pic_center]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzMzY0Mg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

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[20200215172312641.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200215172312641.png#pic_center
[20200215174829480.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200215174829480.png#pic_center
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[20200215183442306.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200215183442306.png#pic_center
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