【shell】shell 非交互处理

偏执的太偏执、 2023-07-03 12:27 12阅读 0赞

# shell 非交互处理 #

## 1.expect ##

expect可以用来实现非交互的功能，是根据脚本与其他交互式程序“对话”的程序。在脚本之后，Expect知道程序可以期望什么，正确的响应应该是什么。解释语言提供分支和高级控制结构来引导对话。 此外，用户可以根据需要控制并直接进行交互，然后将控制权返回给脚本。

### 1.1 实例1.非交互式ssh登陆 ###

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_login.sh
    #!/usr/bin/expect
    
    set user [lindex $argv 0]
    set ip [lindex $argv 1]
    set timeout 30
    
    spawn ssh $user@$ip
    
    expect { 
        "yes/no" {  send "yes\r";exp_continue }
        "password:" {  send "asd123\r"  }
    }
    interact
    [klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_login.sh klaus 192.168.84.130
    spawn ssh klaus@192.168.84.130
    klaus@192.168.84.130's password:
    Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
    
    Last login: Thu Feb  6 09:39:11 2020 from 192.168.84.129

### 1.2 ssh远程拷贝文件 ###

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_cp.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    user=klaus
    
    rpm -q expect &>/dev/null
    if [ ! $? -eq 0 ];then
        sudo yum install expect &>/dev/null
        echo "expect has been installed!"
    fi
    
    if [ ! -f  ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then
        ssh-keygen -P "" -f  ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    fi
    
    for ip in `cat ip.txt`
    do
        { 
            ping -c1 -W1 $ip &>/dev/null
            if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
                /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
                spawn scp -r /home/klaus/Desktop/shell/chapt5/hh.c $user@$ip:/home/klaus/Desktop/
                EOF
            fi
        }&
    done
    wait
    echo "finished..."
    [klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_cp.sh
    spawn scp -r /home/klaus/Desktop/shell/chapt5/hh.c klaus@192.168.84.130:/home/klaus/Desktop/
    hh.c                                                    100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    
    finished...

其中个别会出现port 22: Connection refused,lost connection,可能是防火墙的问题，端口号拒绝访问也有可能是端口没打开

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent
    sudo firewall-cmd --reload

## 2.交互总结 ##

expect脚本执行方式和shell不一样，我们同时也可以在shell里面引用expect(见实例2.1)，或者甚至其他，如python一样;脚本的赋值方式也不太一样，expect用的是\[lindex $argv 0\]，下面实现一个远程创建用户的实例

### 2.1 远程创建用户 ###

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_useradd.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    
    user=$1
    ip=$2
    password=asd123
    
    ping -c1 -W1 $ip &>/dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        /usr/bin/expect<<-EOF
        spawn ssh $user@$ip
        expect
        { 
            "yes/no" {  send "yes\r";exp_continue}
            "password:" {  send "asd123\r"}
        }
    
        set timeout 10
        expect "*$"
        send "sudo useradd alice\r"
        expect "$user:"
        send "$password\r"
        expect "*$"
        send "id alice\r"
        expect "*$"
        send "exit\r"
        expect eof
    EOF
    else
        echo "Network unreachable, connection error!"
    fi

执行结果如下

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_useradd.sh klaus 192.168.84.130
    spawn ssh klaus@192.168.84.130
    Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
    
    Last login: Thu Feb  6 11:59:37 2020 from 192.168.84.129
    [klaus@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd alice
    [sudo] password for klaus:
    [klaus@localhost ~]$ id alice
    uid=1001(alice) gid=1001(alice) groups=1001(alice)
    [klaus@localhost ~]$ exit
    logout
    Connection to 192.168.84.130 closed.