【韦东山旧1期学习笔记】03.Ubuntu开发环境搭建

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2023-06-29 14:59 15阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*  使用虚拟机安装Ubuntu
 *  安装交叉编译工具

# 使用虚拟机安装Ubuntu #

1.  我们使用64位的Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS发行版作为linux开发环境。从官网下载安装镜像，并安装到VmWare虚拟机中，安装好后的界面如下所示：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0Jha2VyVGhlR3JlYXQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]
2.  更新系统。使用sudo apt-get update更新源，之后使用sudo apt-get upgrade更新操作系统，如下图所示：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0Jha2VyVGhlR3JlYXQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]
3.  安装vmware增强工具。

# 安装交叉编译工具 #

1.  将韦老师提供的arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2.tar.bz2拷贝到Ubuntu任意目录下，我的是/home/macrofun/MyBIN，其中macrofun是我的用户名。解压。如下图所示：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0Jha2VyVGhlR3JlYXQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]
2.  将/home/macrofun/MyBIN/arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin添加到PATH环境变量中。即修改主目录下的.bashrc文件，在结尾最后一行新添  
    PATH=/home/macrofun/MyBIN/arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin:$PATH  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0Jha2VyVGhlR3JlYXQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
    之后保存并退出所有终端。重新打开终端，输入arm-linux-gcc -v，shell报错，如下所示：

> /home/macrofun/MyBIN/arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/arm-linux-gcc: line 3: /home/macrofun/MyBIN/arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc: No such file or directory

这是由于64位系统没有安装32位兼容库造成的。  
3. 安装32位兼容库。执行sudo apt-get install ia32-libs命令，可以看到如下出错信息：

> Reading package lists… Done  
> Building dependency tree  
> Reading state information… Done  
> Package ia32-libs is not available, but is referred to by another package.  
> This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or  
> is only available from another source  
> However the following packages replace it:  
> lib32ncurses5 lib32z1  
> E: Package ‘ia32-libs’ has no installation candidate

所以安装32位兼容库需要执行的命令是sudo apt-get install lib32ncurses5 lib32z1  
重新打开终端，输入arm-linux-gcc -v，如下图所示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0Jha2VyVGhlR3JlYXQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
至此，交叉编译工具安装成功。

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