在Xilinx Zybo上安装Ubuntu系统

傷城~ 2023-06-27 12:44 6阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  前言
 *  本文所使用的开发板
 *  法一：利用预编译好的文件与系统点亮Zybo
 *  法二：手动编译启动文件
 *   *  准备
     *   *  软件环境
         *  步骤
         *   *  Step1: 配置环境变量
             *  Step2:为zybo配置U-Boot
             *  Step3：编译U-Boot
             *  Step4:为U-Boot增加Elf后缀
             *  Step5:在Vivado 2016.1中更新IP
             *  Step6:为SDK导出硬件信息 bitstream
             *  Step7:SDK工程
             *  Step8:生成Boot.bin
             *  Step9:编译Linux内核
             *  Step10:修改设备树
             *  Setp 11 生成设备树
             *  部署
 *  参考资料

# 前言 #

本文介绍两种安装Ubuntu的方法

>  *  手动编译源文件，使得Zybo启动到shell(无图形输出，能联网)
>  *  利用现成编译好的文件进入Ubuntu系统(有图形输出，能联网，没声音)

我会先介绍第二种方法，比较简单，适合于伸手党。最后再介绍第一种方法。  
这两种方法都搬运自国外教程(文末放原文链接)。

# 本文所使用的开发板 #

名称：Zybo：Zynq-7000 ARM, FPGA SoC训练板  
![format_png][]  
主要参数如下：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>名称</th> 
   <th align="left">说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SOC</td> 
   <td align="left">667Mhz双核 Cortex A9</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>内存</td> 
   <td align="left">512MB DDR3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>USB-OTG</td> 
   <td align="left">2.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>接口</td> 
   <td align="left">16bit VGA、HDMI、1G以太网RJ45、micro SD卡槽等</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 法一：利用预编译好的文件与系统点亮Zybo #

可直接参考这篇教程，基本是拿来即用了。  
[Installing Xillinux on Zybo][]

# 法二：手动编译启动文件 #

>  *  以下方法搬运国外朋友的教程
>  *  这份教程没有打包进显示驱动，所以是没有显示输出的，只有命令行
>  *  由于没有进行充分测试，只可保证可玩性。若要追求一些可用性，可参考法一。如果有异常情况欢迎在评论区提出，一起讨论解决～

## 准备 ##

### 软件环境 ###

*  系统：Ubuntu 14.04
 *  编程环境：
    
     *  [Vivado Design Suite 2016.1][]
     *  [u-boot-Digilent-Dev master][] 提取码：yker
     *  [zybo base system][] 提取码：wqxv
     *  [linux-Digilent-Dev-master][]提取码：c29k

### 步骤 ###

#### Step1: 配置环境变量 ####

在一个新的shell控制台运行以下语句，**后面所有的命令行操作都在这个已经设置环境变量的shell中进行**：

$ export ARCH=arm
    $ export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-
    # settings64.sh文件所在位置，如果没有改变Vivado开发套件的安装位置的话，默认在此位置
    $ source /opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2016.1/settings64.sh
    # u-boot-Digilent-Dev-master所在路径
    $ export PATH=/home/martinhuang/Desktop/blog/u-boot-Digilent-Dev-master/tools/:$PATH

#### Step2:为zybo配置U-Boot ####

搜索`zynq_zybo.h`，使用文本编辑器打开  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]  
在文本编辑器中搜索`loadbootenv`，将红框处代码进行修改，并保存  
修改前：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

"run uenvboot; " \
    			"echo Copying Linux from SD to RAM... && " \
    			"fatload mmc 0 0x3000000 ${kernel_image} && " \
    			"fatload mmc 0 0x2A00000 ${devicetree_image} && " \
    			"fatload mmc 0 0x2000000 ${ramdisk_image} && " \
    			"bootm 0x3000000 0x2000000 0x2A00000; " \

修改后：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

"run uenvboot; " \
    			"echo Copying Linux from SD to RAM... && " \
    			"fatload mmc 0 0x3000000 ${kernel_image} && " \
    			"fatload mmc 0 0x2000000 ${ramdisk_image} && " \
    			"bootm 0x3000000 - 0x2A00000; " \

这么做的主要目的是防止板子在启动的时候加载ramdisk，我们希望能够加载根文件系统。

#### Step3：编译U-Boot ####

$ cd /Desktop/blog/u-boot-Digilent-Dev-master
    $ make zynq_zybo_config
    $ make

#### Step4:为U-Boot增加Elf后缀 ####

如果你在上一步编译失败，很可能是因为在第一步的环境变量中配置不对，导致无法找到编译工具。如果你编译成功，那么你会在u-boot的最上层目录找到一个名为\`u-boot\`\`的二进制文件。  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

我们在计算机中的适当位置新建一个名为`sd_boot`的文件夹，用于存放最后所有生成的二进制文件。  
将生成的`u-boot`放入该文件夹中，并为其增加`.elf` 后缀  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

#### Step5:在Vivado 2016.1中更新IP ####

在刚才的shell窗口输入`vivado`

$ vivado

在vivado中打开工程文件，文件路径在`zybo_base_system/source/vivado/hw/zybo_bsd/zybo_bsd.xpr`  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]  
如果你是用的Vivado不是base\_system工程创建时的版本，首先会提示你工程升级到用户所使用的当前版本，如果你使用的Vivado刚好是工程创建版本的话，**可跳过以下设置工程升级的内容**。

--------------------

出现第一个提示，保持默认选项，然后选择ok  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]  
紧接着会出现第二个提示，选择ok  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]  
最后出现第三个提示，选择 Report IP Status  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

选择 Upgrade Selected进行更新  
然后会跳出一个对话框，让你确认是否继续，选择ok  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]  
点击Generate  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

--------------------

#### Step6:为SDK导出硬件信息 bitstream ####

选择左下脚的`Generate Bitstream`，在弹出的对话框中选择Yes  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]  
可以直接关闭  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]  
选择file ⇒ \\Rightarrow ⇒ Export  ⇒ \\Rightarrow ⇒ Export Hardware  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]  
勾选`nclude bitstream`，然后点击ok  
导出位置可以自行选择  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

#### Step7:SDK工程 ####

在之前的shell中输入xsdk打开Xilinx sdk

$ xsdk

创建名为fsbl的Application Project工程

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]  
单击new，将我们上一步导出的硬件信息加载进来。  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]  
加载完成后，按以下选择

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Properties</th> 
   <th>Value</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Hardware platform</td> 
   <td>system_wrapper_hw_platform_0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Processor</td> 
   <td>ps7_cortex9_0</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

然后点击下一步，选择`Zynq FSBL`  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]  
将`zybo_base_system/source/vivado/SDK/fsbl\fbsl_hooks.c`复制进刚才创建好的工程中进行替换  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]  
然后对工程进行清理并重编译。

#### Step8:生成Boot.bin ####

在`Xilinx Tools`菜单中选择`Create Boot Image`  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]  
然后依次按顺序添加如下文件：  
文件位置已在图中。

> 注：
> 
>  *  可以把我的blog目录当作根目录，前面的可忽略
>  *  有`system_wrapper_hw_platform_1`的原因应该是我加载过两次`system_wrapper.hdf`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]  
然后点击生成镜像即可。

#### Step9:编译Linux内核 ####

在之前的shell中进入`linux-Digilent-Dev-master`目录  
运行

$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi- xilinx_zynq_defconfig
    $ ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-
    $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-

#### Step10:修改设备树 ####

找到`zynq-zybo.dts`文件，用文本编辑器打开  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]  
大约在45行  
修改前

cpus {
    		#address-cells = <1>;
    		#size-cells = <0>;
    		ps7_cortexa9_0: cpu@0 {
    			bus-handle = <&ps7_axi_interconnect_0>;
    			clock-latency = <1000>;
    			clocks = <&clkc 3>;
    			compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";
    			device_type = "cpu";
    			interrupt-handle = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
    			operating-points = <666667 1000000 333334 1000000 222223 1000000>;
    			reg = <0x0>;
    		} ;
    		ps7_cortexa9_1: cpu@1 {
    			bus-handle = <&ps7_axi_interconnect_0>;
    			clocks = <&clkc 3>;
    			compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";
    			device_type = "cpu";
    			interrupt-handle = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
    			reg = <0x1>;
    		} ;
    	} ;

修改后

cpus {
    		#address-cells = <1>;
    		#size-cells = <0>;
    		ps7_cortexa9_0: cpu@0 {
    			bus-handle = <&ps7_axi_interconnect_0>;
    			clock-latency = <1000>;
    			clocks = <&clkc 2>;
    			compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";
    			device_type = "cpu";
    			interrupt-handle = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
    			operating-points = <666667 1000000 333334 1000000 222223 1000000>;
    			reg = <0x0>;
    		} ;
    		ps7_cortexa9_1: cpu@1 {
    			bus-handle = <&ps7_axi_interconnect_0>;
    			clocks = <&clkc 2>;
    			compatible = "arm,cortex-a9";
    			device_type = "cpu";
    			interrupt-handle = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
    			reg = <0x1>;
    		} ;
    	} ;

主要修改CPU时钟，目的是防止进入root shell时报错

#### Setp 11 生成设备树 ####

在`linux-Digilent-Dev-master`目录下运行

martinhuang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/blog/linux-Digilent-Dev-master$ ./scripts/dtc/dtc -I dts -O dtb -o ./devicetree.dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/zynq-zybo.dts

然后通过搜索即可找到`devicetree.dtb`文件  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]  
将它拷贝进sd\_boot文件夹中

#### 部署 ####

>  *  磁盘格式化和文件系统部署同步可参考[ZYBO入门指导(一)——Vivado.PDF][ZYBO_Vivado.PDF]附录二中相关内容
>  *  Ubuntu系统可以从[【入门必看】史上最全 Zybo-Z7 / Zybo 官方社区学习资料汇总贴（ZYNQ7000入门福音）][Zybo-Z7 _ Zybo _ZYNQ7000]中获取 找到`Zybo项目案例`下载即可，系统文件在`Linaro文件系统`目录下

# 参考资料 #

*  *[Error compiling linux kernel - unrecognized --silentoldconfig option][]*
 *  *[Booting Linux on the ZYBO][]*

[format_png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL2YuZGlnaWxlbnQuY29tLmNuL2ltYWdlXzIwMTYwMzAyXzU2ZDZhOWNjYzc2MjkucG5nITgwMDYwMA?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[Installing Xillinux on Zybo]: https://www.instructables.com/id/Installing-Xillinux-on-ZYbo/
[Vivado Design Suite 2016.1]: https://www.xilinx.com/support/download/index.html/content/xilinx/en/downloadNav/vivado-design-tools/archive.html
[u-boot-Digilent-Dev master]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/12p8WzBsCN3tOmICoItVHUA
[zybo base system]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1K7cPOvnypei2WXg_rdaWAw
[linux-Digilent-Dev-master]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0NwzgwRVtjuUSsRNB60Ww
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200131144742281.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21nc2t5MQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[ZYBO_Vivado.PDF]: https://max.book118.com/html/2017/0313/95223225.shtm
[Zybo-Z7 _ Zybo _ZYNQ7000]: http://www.digilent.com.cn/community/26.html
[Error compiling linux kernel - unrecognized --silentoldconfig option]: https://forum.digilentinc.com/topic/586-error-compiling-linux-kernel-unrecognized-silentoldconfig-option/
[Booting Linux on the ZYBO]: https://www.instructables.com/id/Booting-Linux-on-the-ZYBO/#step3