Django实战（6）—— Admin 管理

爱被打了一巴掌 2023-06-26 10:58 17阅读 0赞

### 前文 ###

[Django 实战 （1）—— 创建第一个Django项目][Django _ _1_ _Django]  
[Django 实战 （2）—— 视图与 URL 配置][Django _ _2_ _ URL]  
[Django 实战 （3）—— Django 是怎么处理请求的？][Django _ _3_ Django]  
[Django 实战 （4）—— 连接 MySQL][Django _ _4_ _ MySQL]  
[Django 实战 （5）—— 数据库操作][Django _ _5_]

## Admin ##

### 配置 admin ###

首先，我们需要在 settings.py 文件中增加以下东西

Django 自动管理工具是 django.contrib 的一部分 ， django.contrib是一套庞大的功能集，它是Django基本代码的组成部分

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        # 主要是这两个
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    ]

然后我们需要在 urls.py 中配置一个 admin 的页面，一般是默认打开的

from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    ]

### 创建超级用户 ###

在 terminal 中输入以下命令创建超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser  # 创建超级用户

![20191228195516344.png][]

输入命令回车的时候有可能会报错，报错信息如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
    
        self.connect()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 194, in connect
        self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 227, in get_new_connecti
    on
        return Database.connect(**conn_params)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\__init__.py", line 84, in Connect
        return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 179, in __init__
        super(Connection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
    MySQLdb._exceptions.OperationalError: (2002, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)")
    
    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
        execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_c
    ommand_line
        utility.execute()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
        self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
        self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", lin
    e 59, in execute
        return super().execute(*args, **options)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 352, in execute
        self.check_migrations()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 442, in check_migrations
        executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 18, in __init__
        self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 49, in __init__
        self.build_graph()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 212, in build_graph
        self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 61, in applied_migration
    s
        if self.has_table():
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 44, in has_table
        return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.curs
    or())
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 255, in cursor
        return self._cursor()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 232, in _cursor
        self.ensure_connection()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
    
        self.connect()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
        raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
    
        self.connect()
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 194, in connect
        self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 227, in get_new_connecti
    on
        return Database.connect(**conn_params)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\__init__.py", line 84, in Connect
        return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
      File "D:\python-3.7.1\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 179, in __init__
        super(Connection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
    django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2002, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)")

原因是因为我们的数据库中可能某个表不存在，我们只需要创建表就行了，输入以下命令即可

python manage.py createsuperuser  # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
    
    python manage.py migrate          # 创建表结构

接下来我们再次输入创建超级用户的命令

python manage.py createsuperuser  # 创建超级用户

输入命令回车之后会有以下东西要你输入

Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): 
    Email address: 
    Password:
    Password (again):
    Superuser created successfully.

然后我们启动一下服务，访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

![20191228204240286.png][]

输入我们刚刚创建超级用户的用户名和密码

![20191228204436987.png][]

OK，已经成功登录了

### 使用 admin 管理数据模型 ###

admin 除了是一个后台用户管理之外还可以帮助我们管理数据模型（没想到吧哈哈），但是怎么才能让 admin 管理我们的数据模型呢？我们需要先注册该数据到 admin ，比如，我们之前创建了一个 Test 表 （模型），我们就可以在 admin.py （admin.py 是我们创建的）文件中注册一下这个数据模型，具体如下：

from django.contrib import admin
    from webapp.views import Test
    
    # Register your models here.
    
    admin.site.register(Test) # 注册数据模型，register()括号里面就是你要注册的数据模型的名称

我们重新启动一下服务,，可以看到我们 webapp 中的 Test 已经被加载进来了

![20191228210632597.png][]

[Django _ _1_ _Django]: https://blog.csdn.net/Woo_home/article/details/103704925
[Django _ _2_ _ URL]: https://blog.csdn.net/Woo_home/article/details/103705741
[Django _ _3_ Django]: https://blog.csdn.net/Woo_home/article/details/103707369
[Django _ _4_ _ MySQL]: https://blog.csdn.net/Woo_home/article/details/103711418
[Django _ _5_]: https://blog.csdn.net/Woo_home/article/details/103718805
[20191228195516344.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191228195516344.png
[20191228204240286.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191228204240286.png
[20191228204436987.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191228204436987.png
[20191228210632597.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191228210632597.png