Python datetime 模块

绝地灬酷狼 2023-06-18 08:55 18阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、date类

二、time类

三、datetime类

四、timedelta类，时间加减

五、tzinfo时区类

--------------------

datatime模块重新封装了time模块，提供更多接口，提供的类有：**date, time, datetime, timedelt , tzinfo。**

# 一、**date类** #

datetime.date(year, month, day)

# encoding: utf-8
    
    """
    @author: sunxianpeng
    @file: date_test.py
    @time: 2019/12/1 16:50
    """
    import time
    from datetime import date
    
    def static_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################静态方法和属性######################')
        # date.max、date.min：date对象所能表示的最大、最小日期；
        # date.resolution：date对象表示日期的最小单位。这里是天。
        # date.today()：返回一个表示当前本地日期的date对象；
        # date.fromtimestamp(timestamp)：根据给定的时间戮，返回一个date对象；
        print('date.max = {}'.format(date.max))
        print('date.min = {}'.format(date.min))
        print('date.today = {}'.format(date.today()))
        print('date.fromtimestamp = {}'.format( date.fromtimestamp(time.time())))
        # date.max = 9999 - 12 - 31
        # date.min = 0001 - 01 - 01
        # date.today = 2019 - 12 - 01
        # date.fromtimestamp = 2019 - 12 - 01
    
    def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################动态方法和属性######################')
        # d1 = date(2011, 06, 03)  # date对象
        # d1.year、date.month、date.day：年、月、日；
        # d1.replace(year, month, day)：生成一个新的日期对象，用参数指定的年，月，日代替原有对象中的属性。（原有对象仍保持不变）
        # d1.timetuple()：返回日期对应的time.struct_time对象；
        # d1.weekday()：返回weekday，如果是星期一，返回0；如果是星期2，返回1，以此类推；
        # d1.isoweekday()：返回weekday，如果是星期一，返回1；如果是星期2，返回2，以此类推；
        # d1.isocalendar()：返回格式如(year，month，day)的元组；
        # d1.isoformat()：返回格式如'YYYY-MM-DD’的字符串；
        # d1.strftime(fmt)：和time模块format相同。
        now = date(2019,12,1)
        tomorrow = now.replace(day=2)
        print('now date = {}'.format(now))#now date = 2019-12-01
        print('tomorrow date = {}'.format(tomorrow))  # tomorrow date = 2019-12-02
        print('timetuple = {}'.format(now.timetuple()))
        print('weekday = {}'.format(now.weekday()))
        print('isoweekday = {}'.format(now.isoweekday()))
        print('isocalendar = {}'.format(now.isocalendar()))
        print('isoformat = {}'.format(now.isoformat()))
        print('strftime = {}'.format(now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))
        #now date = 2019-12-01
        # tomorrow date = 2019-12-02
        # timetuple = time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
        # weekday = 6
        # isoweekday = 7
        # isocalendar = (2019, 48, 7)
        # isoformat = 2019-12-01
        # strftime = 2019-12-01
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        static_method_and_attribute()
        dynamic_method_and_attribute()

# 二、**time类** #

datetime.time(hour\[ , minute\[ , second\[ , microsecond\[ , tzinfo\] \] \] \] )

# encoding: utf-8
    
    """
    @author: sunxianpeng
    @file: time_test.py
    @time: 2019/12/1 17:02
    """
    from datetime import time
    def static_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################静态方法和属性######################')
        # time.min、time.max：time类所能表示的最小、最大时间。其中，time.min = time(0, 0, 0, 0)， time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999)；
        # time.resolution：时间的最小单位，这里是1微秒；
        print('time max = {}'.format(time.max))
        print('time min = {}'.format(time.min))
        print('time resolution = {}'.format(time.resolution))
        #time max = 23:59:59.999999
        # time min = 00:00:00
        # time resolution = 0:00:00.000001
    
    
    def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################动态方法和属性######################')
        # t1 = datetime.time(10, 23, 15)  # time对象
        # t1.hour、t1.minute、t1.second、t1.microsecond：时、分、秒、微秒；
        # t1.tzinfo：时区信息；
        # t1.replace([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]] )：创建一个新的时间对象，用参数指定的时、分、秒、微秒代替原有对象中的属性（原有对象仍保持不变）；
        # t1.isoformat()：返回型如
        # "HH:MM:SS"
        # 格式的字符串表示；
        # t1.strftime(fmt)：同time模块中的format；
        t1 = time(16,23,15)
        t2 = t1.replace(hour=23)
        print('t1 = {}'.format(t1))
        print('hout= {},minute ={},second ={},microsecond={}'.format(t1.hour,t1.minute,t1.second,t1.microsecond))
        print('t2 = {}'.format(t2))
        print('isoformat = {}'.format(t1.isoformat()))
        print('strftime = {}'.format(t1.strftime('%X')))
        # t1 = 16:23: 15
        # hout = 16, minute = 23, second = 15, microsecond = 0
        # t2 = 23:23: 15
        # isoformat = 16:23: 15
        # strftime = 16:23: 15
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        static_method_and_attribute()
        dynamic_method_and_attribute()

# 三、datetime类 #

datetime相当于date和time结合起来。  
datetime.datetime (year, month, day\[ , hour\[ , minute\[ , second\[ , microsecond\[ , tzinfo\] \] \] \] \] )

# encoding: utf-8
    
    """
    @author: sunxianpeng
    @file: datetime_test.py
    @time: 2019/12/1 17:12
    """
    import time
    from datetime import datetime
    
    def static_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################静态方法和属性######################')
        # datetime.today()：返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象；
        # datetime.now([tz])：返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象，如果提供了参数tz，则获取tz参数所指时区的本地时间；
        # datetime.utcnow()：返回一个当前utc时间的datetime对象；  # 格林威治时间
        # datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz])：根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象，参数tz指定时区信息；
        # datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)：根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象；
        # datetime.combine(date, time)：根据date和time，创建一个datetime对象；
        # datetime.strptime(date_string, format)：将格式字符串转换为datetime对象；
        print('datetime.max = {}'.format(datetime.max))
        print('datetime.min = {}'.format(datetime.min))
        print('datetime.resolution = {}'.format(datetime.resolution))
        print('datetime.today() = {}'.format(datetime.today()))
        print('datetime.now() = {}'.format(datetime.now()))
        print('datetime.utcnow() = {}'.format(datetime.utcnow()))
        print('datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()) = {}'.format(datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())))
        print('datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()) = {}'.format(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time())))
        # datetime.max = 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999
        # datetime.min = 0001-01-01 00:00:00
        # datetime.resolution = 0:00:00.000001
        # datetime.today() = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
        # datetime.now() = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
        # datetime.utcnow() = 2019-12-01 09:16:01.729000
        # datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()) = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
        # datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()) = 2019-12-01 09:16:01.729000
    
    
    
    
    def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
        print('#####################动态方法和属性######################')
        # dt = datetime.now()  # datetime对象
        # dt.year、month、day、hour、minute、second、microsecond、tzinfo：
        # dt.date()：获取date对象；
        # dt.time()：获取time对象；
        # dt.replace([year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]])：
        # dt.timetuple()
        # dt.utctimetuple()
        # dt.toordinal()
        # dt.weekday()
        # dt.isocalendar()
        # dt.isoformat([sep])
        # dt.ctime()：返回一个日期时间的C格式字符串，等效于time.ctime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()))；
        # dt.strftime(format)
        dt = datetime.now()
        dt2 = dt.replace(year=2020)
        print('dt = {}'.format(dt))
        print('year={},month={},day={},hour={},minute={},second={},microsecond={},tzinfo={}'.format(
            dt.year,dt.month,dt.day,dt.hour,dt.minute,dt.second,dt.microsecond,dt.tzinfo
        ))
        print('dt date = {}'.format(dt.date()))
        print('dt.time = {}'.format(dt.time()))
        print('dt2 = {}'.format(dt2))
        print('dt.timetuple = {}'.format(dt.timetuple()))
        print('dt.utctimetuple() = {}')
        print('dt.toordinal() = {}')
        print('dt.weekday() = {}')
        print('dt.isocalendar() = {}')
        print('dt.isoformat() = {}')
        print('dt.ctime() = {}')
        print('dt.strftime() = {}')
        #dt = 2019-12-01 17:26:34.147000
        # year=2019,month=12,day=1,hour=17,minute=26,second=34,microsecond=147000,tzinfo=None
        # dt date = 2019-12-01
        # dt.time = 17:26:34.147000
        # dt2 = 2020-12-01 17:26:34.147000
        # dt.timetuple = time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=17, tm_min=26, tm_sec=34, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
        # dt.utctimetuple() = {}
        # dt.toordinal() = {}
        # dt.weekday() = {}
        # dt.isocalendar() = {}
        # dt.isoformat() = {}
        # dt.ctime() = {}
        # dt.strftime() = {}
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        static_method_and_attribute()
        dynamic_method_and_attribute()

# 四、**timedelta类，时间加减** #

使用timedelta可以很方便的在日期上做天days，小时hour，分钟，秒，毫秒，微妙的时间计算，如果要计算月份则需要另外的办法。

# encoding: utf-8
    
    """
    @author: sunxianpeng
    @file: timedelta.py
    @time: 2019/12/1 17:27
    """
    from datetime import datetime
    from datetime import timedelta
    
    def datetime_add_or_minus():
        dt = datetime.now()
        # 天数减一天
        dt_minus_1 = dt + timedelta(days=-1)
        dt_minus_2 = dt - timedelta(days=1)
        #计算两个日期的差值
        diff = dt - dt_minus_1
        print('dt = {}'.format(dt))
        print('dt_minus_1 = {}'.format(dt_minus_1))
        print('dt_minus_2 = {}'.format(dt_minus_2))
        print('diff = {}'.format(diff))
        print('diff days = {}'.format(diff.days))
        print('diff total_seconds = {}'.format(diff.total_seconds()))
        #dt = 2019-12-01 17:33:58.560000
        # dt_minus_1 = 2019-11-30 17:33:58.560000
        # dt_minus_2 = 2019-11-30 17:33:58.560000
        # diff = 1 day, 0:00:00
        # diff days = 1
        # diff total_seconds = 86400.0
        
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        datetime_add_or_minus()

# 五、**tzinfo时区类** #

# encoding: utf-8
    
    """
    @author: sunxianpeng
    @file: tzinfo.py
    @time: 2019/12/1 17:35
    """
    from datetime import datetime,timedelta,tzinfo
    
    class UTC(tzinfo):
        def __init__(self,offset=0):
            self._offset = offset
        def utcoffset(self,dt):
            return timedelta(hours=self._offset)
        def tzname(self,dt):
            return "UTC +%s" % self._offset
        def dst(self, dt):
            return timedelta(hours=self._offset)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # 北京时间
        beijing = datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC(8))
        print("beijing time:", beijing)
        # 曼谷时间
        bangkok = datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC(7))
        print("bangkok time", bangkok)
        # 北京时间转成曼谷时间
        print("beijing-time to bangkok-time:", beijing.astimezone(UTC(7)))
        # 计算时间差时也会考虑时区的问题
        timespan = beijing - bangkok
        print("时差:", timespan)
        #beijing time: 2011-11-11 00:00:00+08:00
        # bangkok time 2011-11-11 00:00:00+07:00
        # beijing-time to bangkok-time: 2011-11-10 23:00:00+07:00
        # 时差: -1 day, 23:00:00