用idea搭建SSM项目

秒速五厘米 2023-06-16 13:55 23阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

今天需要快速搭建一个ssm的工程，写一个小demo，但是因为太久没写变得很生疏，于是在网上找到了这篇文章，便转载并修改添加了一些东西，当做笔记，方便以后查阅使用。

感谢原作者的辛苦：“[鄙人薛某][Link 1]”

# 软件环境 #

**先准备好搭建项目的基本环境**

Intellij IDEA：2018.1.1

JDK：1.8

Maven：3.6.0

Tomcat：7.0及以上

**下载安装好软件后，在idea软件设置里做好JDK、Maven和Tomcat的相关环境配置，这方面网上的资料很多，本文就不介绍了。**

# 创建项目 #

搭建好环境后，打开idea，点击New - Project  
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找到Maven一栏，因为要搭建的SpringMvc项目，所以选择webapp模板  
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填写好GroupId和ArtifactId后，一步步next，最后finish完成  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
创建成功后，可以看到项目是这样的目录结构  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
除了配置相关依赖的pom.xml，目录中还有一个文件夹src，src的main目录提供了一个webapp文件夹，webapp文件夹下有一个WEB-INF文件夹，放置的是前端页面的文件，以及web.xml文件。

除了模版提供的目录结构，为了后面项目能成功运行，我们还需要添加一些文件夹，让项目的目录结构变成这样：

此处注意：main目录下都是建的包，如果右键出来没有“package”选项，请看[这里][Link 2]  
如果建好的包没有按树形排列，只需要把设置里的compact middle packlages取消勾选  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

# 数据库文件 #

首先，先准备好数据库文件，并初始化一条记录

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
    CREATE TABLE `user` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
      `email` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户邮箱',
      `username` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户昵称',
      `role` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户身份',
      `mobile` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '手机号码',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf-8;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Records of user
    -- ----------------------------
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', '1589585621@qq.com', 'xjt', 'root', '15678635432');

# 配置文件 #

## pom.xml ##

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.xjt</groupId>
        <artifactId>mvcDemo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
        <name>mvcDemo Maven Webapp</name>
    
        
        <properties>
            <srping.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</srping.version>
            <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
            <slf4j.version>1.7.12</slf4j.version>
            <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
            <druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version>
        </properties>
        
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.11</version>
                
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${srping.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.2</version>
            </dependency>
            
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.35</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
                <version>1.4</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

**注：以下四个配置文件都是放置在resources文件夹下**

## log4j.properties ##

#日志输出级别
    log4j.rootLogger=debug,stdout,D,E
    
    #设置stdout的日志输出控制台
    log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    #输出日志到控制台的方式，默认为System.out
    log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
    #设置使用灵活布局
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    #灵活定义输出格式
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} -[%p]  method:[%c (%rms)] - %m%n

## jdbc.properties ##

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver    
    url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false    
    #数据库的用户名
    username=root      
    #数据库的密码，别像我一样不设置
    password=               
    #定义初始连接数
    initialSize=0    
    #定义最大连接数
    maxActive=20    
    #定义最大空闲
    maxIdle=20    
    #定义最小空闲
    minIdle=1    
    #定义最长等待时间
    maxWait=60000

## applicationContext.xml ##

这是Spring的核心配置文件，包括Spring结合Mybatis和数据源的配置信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        
        <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
            <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}"/>
            <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
            <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            
            <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.xjt.model"/>
            
            <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
            
            <property name="basePackage" value="com.xjt.dao"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>

## spring-mvc.xml ##

## web.xml ##

该文件不是放在resources，而是webapp的WEB-INF文件夹下，文件内容如下：

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
             version="3.1">
    
      <display-name>mvcDemo</display-name>
      
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
    
      
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
    
      
      <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>
    
      
      <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    
        <init-param>
          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
    
      
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    
    </web-app>

# 运行项目 #

上面的配置文件编写好之后，其实我们就可以尝试着启动项目了，**启动项目前先把applicationContext.xml的内容都注释了**，然后就可以创建运行环境了。

点击idea右上角的 Edit Configurations…  
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选择Tomcat Server - Local，  
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编辑好项目的启动信息，包括项目名，jdk版本，tomcat以及端口  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
选择Deployment，添加Atifact，选择第二项，否则Tomcat运行会报错  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
保存后，启动项目，成功后在浏览器输入 http://localhost:8080/，返回结果如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
这是index.jsp文件中的内容，因为index.jsp是启动页，所以项目启动后返回的结果是启动页的内容

<html>
    <body>
    <h2>Hello World!</h2>
    </body>
    </html>

# 编写代码 #

项目能跑起来，说明我们前端控制器的配置是成功的，接下来要做的是测试能否访问数据库。首先，把基本的类文件创建并编写好代码。

## 实体类：User.java ##

package com.xjt.model;
    
    public class User {
        private long id;
        private String email;
        private String mobile;
        private String username;
        private String role;
    
        public long getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getEmail() {
            return email;
        }
    
        public void setEmail(String email) {
            this.email = email;
        }
    
        public String getMobile() {
            return mobile;
        }
    
        public void setMobile(String mobile) {
            this.mobile = mobile;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getRole() {
            return role;
        }
    
        public void setRole(String role) {
            this.role = role;
        }
    }

## dao文件：IUserDao ##

package com.xjt.dao;
    
    import com.xjt.model.User;
    
    public interface IUserDao {
    
        User selectUser(long id);
    }

## mapper文件：UserDao.xml ##

位于resources - mapper文件夹下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    
    
    <mapper namespace="com.xjt.dao.IUserDao">
    
        <select id="selectUser" resultType="User" parameterType="long">
            SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id}
        </select>
    
    </mapper>

## service接口：IUserService ##

package com.xjt.service;
    
    import com.xjt.model.User;
    
    public interface IUserService {
    
        public User selectUser(long userId);
    }

## UserServiceImpl ##

package com.xjt.service.impl;
    
    import com.xjt.dao.IUserDao;
    import com.xjt.model.User;
    import com.xjt.service.IUserService;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    @Service("userService")
    public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
    
        @Resource
        private IUserDao userDao;
    
        public User selectUser(long userId) {
            return userDao.selectUser(userId);
        }
    }

## controller文件：UserController ##

package com.xjt.controller;
    
    import com.xjt.model.User;
    import com.xjt.service.IUserService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
    
        @Autowired
        private IUserService userService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/select")
        public ModelAndView selectUser() throws Exception {
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
            User user = userService.selectUser(1);
            mv.addObject("user", user);
            mv.setViewName("user");
            return mv;
        }
    }

UserController定义了一个方法**selectUser**，读取id为1的User信息，并返回user.jsp页面，访问的路径是/user/select，user.jsp位于 WEB-INF 的 jsp 文件夹，代码如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>user</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        id:${requestScope.user.id}<br/>
        email:${requestScope.user.email}<br/>
        username:${requestScope.user.username}<br/>
        role:${requestScope.user.role}<br/>
        mobile:${requestScope.user.mobile}<br/>
    </body>
    </html>

都编写完毕以后，撤销applicationContext.xml文件的注释符号，然后开启项目，成功后在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/user/select  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0lUX2x1a2FpZmFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
页面成功的返回了User信息，说明，我们成功访问到了数据库的内容。

**至此，SSM项目的搭建大功告成！**

为了方便大家学习，原作者还把源码放在了他的github上了，有需要的同学可以自行下载，地址：  
https://github.com/Taoxj/mvcDemo

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/yeyazhishang/article/details/86650053
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[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/u011514810/article/details/82910044
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