在 Intellij IDEA 中创建并调用 WebService

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2023-06-16 03:55 9阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  在 Intellij IDEA 中创建并调用 WebServices
 *   *  零、环境准备
     *  一、创建 WebServices
     *   *  1.新建 WebServices 项目
         *  2.编写程序
         *  3.依赖配置
         *  4.运行测试
         *  5.生成wsdl
     *  二、调用WebServices
     *   *  1.创建 client 包
         *  2.由 wsdl 文件生成 java 代码
         *  3.编写测试用例
         *  4.运行测试用例
     *  三、遇到的 Bug 及解决方式
     *   *  1.运行测试用例报 404
         *  2.log4j警告信息

# 在 Intellij IDEA 中创建并调用 WebServices #

## 零、环境准备 ##

本次实验演示环境为：

*  Windows 10
 *  IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4 (Ultimate Edition)
 *  Apache Tomcat/8.5.35
 *  java 1.8.0\_211

## 一、创建 WebServices ##

### 1.新建 WebServices 项目 ###

打开 Intellij IDEA 开发工具，依次点击【File】→【New】→【Project…】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

接下来，按照图中顺序，依次选择对应的配置，最后点击【Next】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

输入项目名称，点击【Finish】，Intellij 会自动下载对应的依赖包。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

依赖包下载完成后，项目结构目录如下所示。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

### 2.编写程序 ###

项目是默认自带 HelloWorld 程序，也可以自定义编写程序，这里就直接使用 HelloWorld 演示，二者本质没有什么区别。

### 3.依赖配置 ###

3.1 配置 Tomcat

点击 Intellij 中右上角的 【Add Configuration…】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

按照图中顺序依次点击添加 Tomcat

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

修改 Tomcat 名称，点击【Fix】设置部署

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

这里为方便操作将访问名由【webService\_demo\_war\_exloded】修改为【webService\_demo】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

3.2 添加项目依赖

依次点击【File】→【Project Structure…】，进入项目结构配置。

![在这里插入图片描述][20191124115600750.png]

先选择左侧的【Artifacts】，再点击右下角的【Fix…】，选择第一个【Add ……】即可。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

到此 WebServices 的创建配置即完成。

### 4.运行测试 ###

点击运行 Tomcat

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

在浏览器地址栏中输入 http://localhost:8080/webService\_demo/services ，看到以下结果显示即运行成功。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]

点击【HelloWorld（wsdl）】也可以看到详细内容。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

### 5.生成wsdl ###

依次点击 Intellij 最上侧功能栏的【Tools】→【WebServices】→【Generate Wsdl From Java Code…】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]

点击【OK】即可

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

生成后可以看到目录中多了【HelloWorld.wsdl】文件。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

## 二、调用WebServices ##

### 1.创建 client 包 ###

在 src 目录下创建 client 包，用于存放测试的各个类

### 2.由 wsdl 文件生成 java 代码 ###

先点击【HelloWorld.wsdl】文件，再依次点击【Tools】→【WebServices】→【Generate Java Code FromWsdl…】

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

然后会弹出生成 Java 代码的相关配置，主要是 wsdl 来源路径、输出路径等，一般而言不需要更改，直接点击【OK】即可。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

成功后可以看到 client 目录下生成了很多文件。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]

### 3.编写测试用例 ###

在 client 目录下新建 test.java ，添加以下测试代码。

package client;
    
    import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.rmi.RemoteException;
    
    public class test { 
        public static void main(String[] args){ 
            // 1.指定调用WebService的URL,这里是我们发布后点击HelloWorld
            String url = "http://localhost:8080/webService_demo/services/HelloWorld?wsdl";
            try { 
                // 2.创建Locator对象,相当于传统服务的类或者是库
                HelloWorldServiceLocator helloWorldServiceLocator = new HelloWorldServiceLocator();
                // 3.获取port,相当于传统类或库的方法接口
                HelloWorld_PortType service = helloWorldServiceLocator.getHelloWorld(new URL(url));
                // 4.通过port调用服务
                String result = service.sayHelloWorldFrom("summer");
                System.out.println(result);
            }catch (ServiceException | RemoteException | MalformedURLException ex){ 
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]

### 4.运行测试用例 ###

先确保服务端正在运行，也就是 Tomcat 正在运行，之后直接点击右键，选择【Run ‘test.main()’】即可。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]

![在这里插入图片描述][20191124115821131.png]

WebServices的调用到此即完成。

## 三、遇到的 Bug 及解决方式 ##

### 1.运行测试用例报 404 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]

最开始编写的测试用例并没有指定目标的 wsdl，所以才会报这个错误，添加指定 URL 即可解决。

//原测试代码
    package client;
    
    import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
    import java.rmi.RemoteException;
    
    public class test { 
        public static void main(String[] args){ 
            try { 
                // 1.创建Locator对象,相当于传统服务的类或者是库
                HelloWorldServiceLocator helloWorldServiceLocator = new HelloWorldServiceLocator();
                // 2.获取port,相当于传统类或库的方法接口
                HelloWorld_PortType service = helloWorldServiceLocator.getHelloWorld();
                // 3.通过port调用服务
                String result = service.sayHelloWorldFrom("summer");
                System.out.println(result);
            }catch (ServiceException | RemoteException ex){ 
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

### 2.log4j警告信息 ###

运行项目时一直显示 log4j 警告

![在这里插入图片描述][20191124115839101.png]

在 src 目录下新建文件【log4j.properties】，添加以下代码即可。

log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout, R
    
    log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p - %m%n
    
    log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
    log4j.appender.R.File=firestorm.log
    
    log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=100KB
    log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=1
    
    log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%p %t %c - %m%n
    
    log4j.logger.com.codefutures=DEBUG

--------------------

参考文章：【1】[WebService—— IDEA创建WebServices][WebService_ IDEA_WebServices]

【2】[idea搭建WebService HelloWorld程序 ][idea_WebService HelloWorld_]

【3】[Intellij IDEA开发WebService步骤实例][Intellij IDEA_WebService]

【4】[intellij 开发webservice][intellij _webservice]

【5】[IntelliJ IDEA java开发 WebService][IntelliJ IDEA java_ WebService]

【6】[Intellij IDEA开发WebService步骤实例][Intellij IDEA_WebService]

【5】[IntelliJ IDEA java开发 WebService][IntelliJ IDEA java_ WebService]

【6】[Intellij IDEA开发WebService步骤实例][Intellij IDEA_WebService]

【7】[开发一个简单的Java webService以及相关知识][Java webService]

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[WebService_ IDEA_WebServices]: https://www.cnblogs.com/xxbbtt/p/8484540.html
[idea_WebService HelloWorld_]: https://blog.csdn.net/c1041067258/article/details/86543099
[Intellij IDEA_WebService]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43147940/article/details/84712605
[intellij _webservice]: https://www.cnblogs.com/linxiaoyang/p/4167016.html
[IntelliJ IDEA java_ WebService]: https://www.cnblogs.com/shaosks/p/8351077.html
[Java webService]: https://blog.csdn.net/yin18827152962/article/details/89857721