设计模式(10) -- 工厂设计模式(简单工厂，工厂方法，抽象工厂模式)

向右看齐 2023-06-13 09:45 4阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  简单工厂模式
 *   *  需求1：
     *  传统实现
     *   *  优缺点:
     *  简单工厂方式实现
     *   *  基本介绍
 *  工厂方法模式
 *   *  介绍
     *  需求2:
     *  实现
 *  抽象工厂模式
 *   *  介绍
     *  需求
 *  工厂模式在JDK Calendar应用的源码 分析
 *  工厂模式小结

# 简单工厂模式 #

## 需求1： ##

看一个披萨的项目：要便于披萨种类的扩展，要便于维护  
1)披萨的种类很多，比如GreekPizz 、 CheesePizz 等  
2)披萨的制作有 prepare bake, cut, box  
3)完成披萨店订购功能。

## 传统实现 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
Pizza 类

//将Pizza 类做成抽象
    public abstract class Pizza { 
    	protected String name; //名字
    
    	//准备原材料, 不同的披萨不一样，因此，我们做成抽象方法
    	public abstract void prepare();
    
    	
    	public void bake() { 
    		System.out.println(name + " baking;");
    	}
    
    	public void cut() { 
    		System.out.println(name + " cutting;");
    	}
    
    	//打包
    	public void box() { 
    		System.out.println(name + " boxing;");
    	}
    
    	public void setName(String name) { 
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    }

CheesePizza类

public class CheesePizza extends Pizza { 
    
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println(" 给制作奶酪披萨 准备原材料 ");
    	}
    }

GreekPizza

public class GreekPizza extends Pizza { 
    
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println(" 给希腊披萨 准备原材料 ");
    	}
    
    }

PepperPizza

public class PepperPizza extends Pizza { 
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println(" 给胡椒披萨准备原材料 ");
    	}
    }

OrderPizza 订购pizza

public class OrderPizza { 
    
    	// 构造器
    	public OrderPizza() { 
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		String orderType; // 订购披萨的类型
    		do { 
    			orderType = getType();
    			if (orderType.equals("greek")) { 
    				pizza = new GreekPizza();
    				pizza.setName(" 希腊披萨 ");
    			} else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    				pizza = new CheesePizza();
    				pizza.setName(" 奶酪披萨 ");
    			} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    				pizza = new PepperPizza();
    				pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
    			} else { 
    				break;
    			}
    			//输出pizza 制作过程
    			pizza.prepare();
    			pizza.bake();
    			pizza.cut();
    			pizza.box();
    			
    		} while (true);
    	}
    
    
    	
    	// 写一个方法，可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    	private String getType() { 
    		try { 
    			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
    			String str = strin.readLine();
    			return str;
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			return "";
    		}
    	}
    
    }

测试类：PizzaStore

//相当于一个客户端，发出订购
    public class PizzaStore { 
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		new OrderPizza();		
    	}
    }

运行结果:  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115221441876.png]

### 优缺点: ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

## 简单工厂方式实现 ##

### 基本介绍 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115221710803.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
类:  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115221946118.png]  
其中: 这下面的4个类代码不变。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115221807304.png]  
SimpleFactory

//简单工厂类
    public class SimpleFactory { 
    
    	//更加orderType 返回对应的Pizza 对象
    	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) { 
    
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    
    		System.out.println("使用简单工厂模式");
    		if (orderType.equals("greek")) { 
    			pizza = new GreekPizza();
    			pizza.setName(" 希腊披萨 ");
    		} else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new CheesePizza();
    			pizza.setName(" 奶酪披萨 ");
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    			pizza = new PepperPizza();
    			pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
    		}
    		
    		return pizza;
    	}
    	
    	//简单工厂模式 也叫 静态工厂模式 
    	
    	public static Pizza createPizza2(String orderType) { 
    
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    
    		System.out.println("使用简单工厂模式2");
    		if (orderType.equals("greek")) { 
    			pizza = new GreekPizza();
    			pizza.setName(" 希腊披萨 ");
    		} else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new CheesePizza();
    			pizza.setName(" 奶酪披萨 ");
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    			pizza = new PepperPizza();
    			pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
    		}
    		
    		return pizza;
    	}
    
    }

OrderPizza

public class OrderPizza { 
    
    	// 构造器
    // public OrderPizza() { 
    // Pizza pizza = null;
    // String orderType; // 订购披萨的类型
    // do { 
    // orderType = getType();
    // if (orderType.equals("greek")) { 
    // pizza = new GreekPizza();
    // pizza.setName(" 希腊披萨 ");
    // } else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    // pizza = new CheesePizza();
    // pizza.setName(" 奶酪披萨 ");
    // } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    // pizza = new PepperPizza();
    // pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
    // } else { 
    // break;
    // }
    // //输出pizza 制作过程
    // pizza.prepare();
    // pizza.bake();
    // pizza.cut();
    // pizza.box();
    // 
    // } while (true);
    // }
    
    	//定义一个简单工厂对象
    	SimpleFactory simpleFactory;
    	Pizza pizza = null;
    	
    	//构造器
    	public OrderPizza(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) { 
    		setFactory(simpleFactory);
    	}
    	
    	public void setFactory(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) { 
    		String orderType = ""; //用户输入的
    		
    		this.simpleFactory = simpleFactory; //设置简单工厂对象
    		
    		do { 
    			orderType = getType(); 
    			pizza = this.simpleFactory.createPizza(orderType);
    			
    			//输出pizza
    			if(pizza != null) {  //订购成功
    				pizza.prepare();
    				pizza.bake();
    				pizza.cut();
    				pizza.box();
    			} else { 
    				System.out.println(" 订购披萨失败 ");
    				break;
    			}
    		}while(true);
    	}
    	
    	// 写一个方法，可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    	private String getType() { 
    		try { 
    			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
    			String str = strin.readLine();
    			return str;
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			return "";
    		}
    	}
    
    }

OrderPizza2

public class OrderPizza2 { 
    
    	Pizza pizza = null;
    	String orderType = "";
    	// 构造器
    	public OrderPizza2() { 
    		
    		do { 
    			orderType = getType();
    			pizza = SimpleFactory.createPizza2(orderType);
    
    			// 输出pizza
    			if (pizza != null) {  // 订购成功
    				pizza.prepare();
    				pizza.bake();
    				pizza.cut();
    				pizza.box();
    			} else { 
    				System.out.println(" 订购披萨失败 ");
    				break;
    			}
    		} while (true);
    	}
    
    	// 写一个方法，可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    	private String getType() { 
    		try { 
    			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
    			String str = strin.readLine();
    			return str;
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			return "";
    		}
    	}
    }

测试类 PizzaStore

//相当于一个客户端，发出订购
    public class PizzaStore { 
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		//new OrderPizza(); 
    		//使用简单工厂模式
    		new OrderPizza(new SimpleFactory());
    		//System.out.println("~~退出程序~~"); 
    		//new OrderPizza2();
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115222755563.png]

# 工厂方法模式 #

## 介绍 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115223214898.png]

## 需求2: ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## 实现 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115223315518.png]  
BJCheesePizza

public class BJCheesePizza extends Pizza { 
    
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		setName("北京的奶酪pizza");
    		System.out.println(" 北京的奶酪pizza 准备原材料");
    	}
    
    }

BJPepperPizza

public class BJPepperPizza extends Pizza { 
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		setName("北京的胡椒pizza");
    		System.out.println(" 北京的胡椒pizza 准备原材料");
    	}
    }

LDCheesePizza

public class LDCheesePizza extends Pizza{ 
    
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		setName("伦敦的奶酪pizza");
    		System.out.println(" 伦敦的奶酪pizza 准备原材料");
    	}
    }

LDPepperPizza

public class LDPepperPizza extends Pizza{ 
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		setName("伦敦的胡椒pizza");
    		System.out.println(" 伦敦的胡椒pizza 准备原材料");
    	}
    }

OrderPizza

public abstract class OrderPizza { 
    
    	//定义一个抽象方法，createPizza , 让各个工厂子类自己实现
    	abstract Pizza createPizza(String orderType);
    	
    	// 构造器
    	public OrderPizza() { 
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		String orderType; // 订购披萨的类型
    		do { 
    			orderType = getType();
    			pizza = createPizza(orderType); //抽象方法，由工厂子类完成
    			//输出pizza 制作过程
    			pizza.prepare();
    			pizza.bake();
    			pizza.cut();
    			pizza.box();
    			
    		} while (true);
    	}	
    
    	// 写一个方法，可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    	private String getType() { 
    		try { 
    			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
    			String str = strin.readLine();
    			return str;
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			return "";
    		}
    	}
    
    }

BJOrderPizza

public class BJOrderPizza extends OrderPizza { 
    
    	
    	@Override
    	Pizza createPizza(String orderType) { 
    	
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		if(orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    			pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
    		}
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		return pizza;
    	}
    
    }

LDOrderPizza

public class LDOrderPizza extends OrderPizza { 
    	
    	@Override
    	Pizza createPizza(String orderType) { 
    	
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		if(orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    			pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
    		}
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		return pizza;
    	}
    
    }

测试类 PizzaStore

public class PizzaStore { 
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		String loc = "bj";
    		if (loc.equals("bj")) { 
    			//创建北京口味的各种Pizza
    			new BJOrderPizza();
    		} else { 
    			//创建伦敦口味的各种Pizza
    			new LDOrderPizza();
    		}
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	}
    
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115223632739.png]

# 抽象工厂模式 #

## 介绍 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115223734715.png]

## 需求 ##

使用:抽象工厂模式来完成披萨项目(需求2）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115223901626.png]  
AbsFactory

//一个抽象工厂模式的抽象层(接口)
    public interface AbsFactory { 
    	//让下面的工厂子类来 具体实现
    	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType);
    }

BJFactory

//这是工厂子类
    public class BJFactory implements AbsFactory { 
    
    	@Override
    	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) { 
    		System.out.println("~使用的是抽象工厂模式~");
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		if(orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){ 
    			pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
    		}
    		return pizza;
    	}
    
    }

LDFactory

public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory { 
    
    	@Override
    	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) { 
    		System.out.println("~使用的是抽象工厂模式~");
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		if (orderType.equals("cheese")) { 
    			pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
    		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) { 
    			pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
    		}
    		return pizza;
    	}
    
    }

订购pizza类 OrderPizza

public class OrderPizza { 
    
    	AbsFactory factory;
    
    	// 构造器
    	public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory) { 
    		setFactory(factory);
    	}
    
    	private void setFactory(AbsFactory factory) { 
    		Pizza pizza = null;
    		String orderType = ""; // 用户输入
    		this.factory = factory;
    		do { 
    			orderType = getType();
    			// factory 可能是北京的工厂子类，也可能是伦敦的工厂子类
    			pizza = factory.createPizza(orderType);
    			if (pizza != null) {  // 订购ok
    				pizza.prepare();
    				pizza.bake();
    				pizza.cut();
    				pizza.box();
    			} else { 
    				System.out.println("订购失败");
    				break;
    			}
    		} while (true);
    	}
    
    	// 写一个方法，可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    	private String getType() { 
    		try { 
    			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
    			String str = strin.readLine();
    			return str;
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			return "";
    		}
    	}
    }

测试类 PizzaStore

public class PizzaStore { 
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		//new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
    		new OrderPizza(new LDFactory());
    	}
    
    }

运行结果:  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191115224419488.png]

# 工厂模式在JDK Calendar应用的源码 分析 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20191115225215166.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

# 工厂模式小结 #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

--------------------

完

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019111522062225.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191115221441876.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221441876.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221524845.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191115221710803.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221710803.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221728795.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzIxMzQ5NjM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191115221946118.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221946118.png
[20191115221807304.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115221807304.png
[20191115222755563.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115222755563.png
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