JAVA并发编程：线程的交替打印问题

桃扇骨 2023-06-09 14:25 233阅读 0赞

**问题一描述**  
创建3个线程A、B、C、线程A打印字母A，线程B打印字母B，线程C打印字母C；但要求三个线程同时运行并交替打印，即按照ABCABC的顺序打印；  
设计思路如下：  
第一步：创建ReentrantLock对象，用于在三个线程中加锁；  
第二步：创建整型变量，用于控制输出内容；  
第三步：创建线程对象，用于输出；  
第四步：启动线程对象，输出结果；  
具体代码如下；

public class ABC_Lock { 
        //创建锁对象，保证同时只有一个线程可以得到锁；
        static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        //创建整型变量，用于控制输出结果；
        static int status = 0;
    
        //内部类必须为static类型的，这样才可以直接在main方法中使用；
        static class ThreadA extends Thread { 
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                while (true) { //此处为保证当前创建的线程能够持续活跃，而不是执行一次就over
                    lock.lock();//线程手动上锁；
                    //如果你想控制输出的次数，在if语句中判断status即可；
                    if (status % 3 == 0) { //判断当status%3 ==0的时候输出A；
                        System.out.print("A");
                        //此处值++，并通过判断及lock锁来确定到底执行哪个线程的run方法；
                        status++;
                        try { 
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    lock.unlock();//手动释放线程锁；
                }
            }
        }
    
        static class ThreadB extends Thread { 
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                while (true) { //此处为保证当前创建的线程能够持续活跃，而不是执行一次就over
                    lock.lock();//线程手动上锁；
                    if (status % 3 == 1) { //判断当status%3 ==1的时候输出B；
                        System.out.print("B");
                        status++;
                        try { 
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    lock.unlock();//手动释放线程锁；
                }
            }
        }
    
        static class ThreadC extends Thread { 
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                while (true) { //此处为保证当前创建的线程能够持续活跃，而不是执行一次就over
                    lock.lock();//线程手动上锁；
                    if (status % 3 == 2) { //判断当status%3 ==2的时候输出B；
                        System.out.println("C");
                        status++;
                        try { 
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    lock.unlock();//手动释放线程锁；
                }
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            //启动三个线程并执行
            new ThreadA().start();
            new ThreadB().start();
            new ThreadC().start();
        }
    }

具体执行结果如下：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=65071:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program 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\2.2.5\ribbon-core-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-httpclient\2.2.5\ribbon-httpclient-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\commons-collections\commons-collections\3.2.2\commons-collections-3.2.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\netflix-commons\netflix-commons-util\0.3.0\netflix-commons-util-0.3.0.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-loadbalancer\2.2.5\ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\netflix-commons\netflix-statistics\0.1.1\netflix-statistics-0.1.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\io\reactivex\rxjava\1.3.8\rxjava-1.3.8.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-eureka\2.2.5\ribbon-eureka-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\thoughtworks\xstream\xstream\1.4.10\xstream-1.4.10.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\xmlpull\xmlpull\1.1.3.1\xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\xpp3\xpp3_min\1.1.4c\xpp3_min-1.1.4c.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\javax\servlet\jstl\1.2\jstl-1.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.6\lombok-1.18.6.jar" com.example.springbootdemothread.interview.ABC_Lock
    ABC
    ABC
    ABC
    ABC
    ABC
    A
    Process finished with exit code -1

**问题二描述**  
创建两个线程线程1：线程2；线程1打印1、2、3、4；线程2打印a、b、c、d；  
现在需要两个线程交替打印，输出样例为：1a2b3c4d；  
代码如下：

public class ReentryLockInterview { 
    
        static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        static int status = 0;
        static String[] str = new String[]{ "1","A","2","B","3","C","4","D"};
    
        static class Thread1 extends  Thread{ 
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                while(true){ 
                    try{ 
                        lock.lock();
                        while(status<8&&status%2==0){ 
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                            System.out.print(str[status]);
                            status++;
                        }
                    }catch (Exception e){ 
                        System.out.println("出现异常了");
                    }finally { 
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        static class Thread2 extends  Thread{ 
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                while(true){ 
                    try{ 
                        lock.lock();
                        while(status<8&&status%2==1){ 
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                            System.out.print(str[status]);
                            status++;
                        }
                    }catch (Exception e){ 
                        System.out.println("出现异常了");
                    }finally { 
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Thread1().start();
            new Thread2().start();
        }

输出结果如下：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=49458:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\demo\springbootDemo2.0\springbootdemo\springbootdemo-thread\target\classes;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.1.3.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.1.3.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\spring-context\5.1.5.RELEASE\spring-context-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.1.3.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.1.3.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.11.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.11.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.11.2\log4j-api-2.11.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.25\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\javax\annotation\javax.annotation-api\1.3.2\javax.annotation-api-1.3.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\spring-core\5.1.5.RELEASE\spring-core-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.1.5.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.23\snakeyaml-1.23.jar;C:\demo\springbootDemo2.0\springbootdemo\springbootdemo-entity\target\classes;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-jasper\9.0.16\tomcat-embed-jasper-9.0.16.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\9.0.16\tomcat-embed-core-9.0.16.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\tomcat\tomcat-annotations-api\9.0.16\tomcat-annotations-api-9.0.16.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\9.0.16\tomcat-embed-el-9.0.16.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\eclipse\jdt\ecj\3.15.0\ecj-3.15.0.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\redis\clients\jedis\2.9.1\jedis-2.9.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\apache\commons\commons-pool2\2.6.1\commons-pool2-2.6.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\alibaba\druid\1.1.0\druid-1.1.0.jar;C:\Program 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\2.2.5\ribbon-core-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-httpclient\2.2.5\ribbon-httpclient-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\commons-collections\commons-collections\3.2.2\commons-collections-3.2.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\netflix-commons\netflix-commons-util\0.3.0\netflix-commons-util-0.3.0.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-loadbalancer\2.2.5\ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\netflix-commons\netflix-statistics\0.1.1\netflix-statistics-0.1.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\io\reactivex\rxjava\1.3.8\rxjava-1.3.8.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\netflix\ribbon\ribbon-eureka\2.2.5\ribbon-eureka-2.2.5.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\com\thoughtworks\xstream\xstream\1.4.10\xstream-1.4.10.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\xmlpull\xmlpull\1.1.3.1\xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\xpp3\xpp3_min\1.1.4c\xpp3_min-1.1.4c.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\javax\servlet\jstl\1.2\jstl-1.2.jar;E:\ForWorkSoftware\Maven\M2\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.6\lombok-1.18.6.jar" com.example.springbootdemothread.interview.ReentryLockInterview
    1A2B3C4D
    Process finished with exit code -1