生成GUID唯一值的方法汇总（dotnet/javascript/sqlserver）

叁歲伎倆 2023-06-01 12:45 9阅读 0赞

**一、在 .NET 中生成**  
1、直接用.NET Framework 提供的 Guid() 函数，此种方法使用非常广泛。GUID（全局统一标识符）是指在一台机器上生成的数字，它保证对在同一时空中的任何两台计算机都不会生成重复的 GUID 值（即保证所有机器都是唯一的）。关于GUID的介绍在此不作具体熬述，想深入了解可以自行查阅MSDN。代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    namespace ConsoleApplication1
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                string _guid = GetGuid();
                Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}\n去掉连接符：{2}", _guid, _guid.Length, _guid.Replace("-", ""));
                string uniqueIdString = GuidTo16String();
                Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}", uniqueIdString, uniqueIdString.Length);
                long uniqueIdLong = GuidToLongID();
                Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}", uniqueIdLong, uniqueIdLong.ToString().Length);
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 由连字符分隔的32位数字
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private static string GetGuid()
            {
                System.Guid guid = new Guid();
                guid = Guid.NewGuid();
                return guid.ToString();
            }
            /// <summary>  
            /// 根据GUID获取16位的唯一字符串  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=\"guid\"></param>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static string GuidTo16String()
            {
                long i = 1;
                foreach (byte b in Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray())
                    i *= ((int)b + 1);
                return string.Format("{0:x}", i - DateTime.Now.Ticks);
            }
            /// <summary>  
            /// 根据GUID获取19位的唯一数字序列  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static long GuidToLongID()
            {
                byte[] buffer = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();
                return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);
            }  
        }
    }

2、用 DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms") 和 .NET Framework 提供的 RNGCryptoServiceProvider() 结合生成，代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    namespace ConsoleApplication1
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                string uniqueNum = GenerateOrderNumber();
                Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t 长度为：{1}", uniqueNum, uniqueNum.Length);
                //测试是否会生成重复
                  Console.WriteLine("时间+RNGCryptoServiceProvider()结合生成的唯一值，如下：");
                string _tempNum = string.Empty;
                for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
                {
                    string uNum = GenerateOrderNumber();
                    Console.WriteLine(uNum);
                    if (string.Equals(uNum, _tempNum))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("上值存在重复，按Enter键继续");
                        Console.ReadKey();
                    }
                    //Sleep当前线程，是为了延时，从而不产生重复值。可以把它注释掉测试看
                    Thread.Sleep(300);
                    _tempNum = uNum;
                }
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 唯一订单号生成
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static string GenerateOrderNumber()
            {
                string strDateTimeNumber = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms");
                string strRandomResult = NextRandom(1000, 1).ToString();
                return strDateTimeNumber + strRandomResult;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 参考：msdn上的RNGCryptoServiceProvider例子
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="numSeeds"></param>
            /// <param name="length"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private static int NextRandom(int numSeeds, int length)
            {
                // Create a byte array to hold the random value.  
                byte[] randomNumber = new byte[length];
                // Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider.  
                System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
                // Fill the array with a random value.  
                rng.GetBytes(randomNumber);
                // Convert the byte to an uint value to make the modulus operation easier.  
                uint randomResult = 0x0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    randomResult |= ((uint)randomNumber[i] << ((length - 1 - i) * 8));
                }
                return (int)(randomResult % numSeeds) + 1;
            }
        }
    }

3、用 \[0-9A-Z\] + Guid.NewGuid() 结合生成特定位数的唯一字符串，代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    namespace ConsoleApplication1
    { 
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                string uniqueText = GenerateUniqueText(8);
                Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t 长度为：{1}", uniqueText, uniqueText.Length);
                //测试是否会生成重复 
                  Console.WriteLine("由[0-9A-Z] + NewGuid() 结合生成的唯一值，如下：");
                IList<string> list = new List<string>();
                for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
                {
                    string _uT = GenerateUniqueText(8);
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, _uT);
                    if (list.Contains(_uT))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", _uT);
                        Console.ReadKey();
                    }
                    list.Add(_uT);
                    //if (i % 200 == 0)
                    //{
                        //Console.WriteLine("没有重复，按Enter键往下看");
                        //Console.ReadKey();
                    //}
                }
                list.Clear();
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 生成特定位数的唯一字符串
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="num">特定位数</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static string GenerateUniqueText(int num)
            {
                string randomResult = string.Empty;
                string readyStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
                char[] rtn = new char[num];
                Guid gid = Guid.NewGuid();
                var ba = gid.ToByteArray();
                for (var i = 0; i < num; i++)
                {
                    rtn[i] = readyStr[((ba[i] + ba[num + i]) % 35)];
                }
                foreach (char r in rtn)
                {
                    randomResult += r;
                }
                return randomResult;
            }
        }
    }

4、用单例模式实现，由\[0-9a-z\]组合生成的唯一值，此文不讨论单例模式的多种实现方式与性能问题，随便弄一种方式实现，代码如下：  
Program.cs 程序：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Xml;
    namespace ConsoleApplication4
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                CreateID createID = CreateID.GetInstance();
                //测试是否会生成重复 
                Console.WriteLine("单例模式实现，由[0-9a-z]组合生成的唯一值，如下：");
                IList<string> list = new List<string>();
                for (int i = 1; i <= 1000000000; i++)
                {
                    string strUniqueNum = createID.CreateUniqueID();
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, strUniqueNum);
                    if (list.Contains(strUniqueNum))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", strUniqueNum);
                        Console.ReadKey();
                    }
                    list.Add(strUniqueNum);
                    if (i % 200 == 0)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("没有重复，按Enter键往下看");
                        Console.ReadKey();
                    }
                }
                list.Clear();
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 单例模式实现
        /// 唯一值由[0-9a-z]组合而成，且生成的每个ID不能重复
        /// </summary>
        public class CreateID
        {
            private static CreateID _instance;
            private static readonly object syncRoot = new object();
            private EHashtable hashtable = new EHashtable();
            private string _strXMLURL = string.Empty;
            private CreateID()
            {
                hashtable.Add("0", "0");
                hashtable.Add("1", "1");
                hashtable.Add("2", "2");
                hashtable.Add("3", "3");
                hashtable.Add("4", "4");
                hashtable.Add("5", "5");
                hashtable.Add("6", "6");
                hashtable.Add("7", "7");
                hashtable.Add("8", "8");
                hashtable.Add("9", "9");
                hashtable.Add("10", "a");
                hashtable.Add("11", "b");
                hashtable.Add("12", "c");
                hashtable.Add("13", "d");
                hashtable.Add("14", "e");
                hashtable.Add("15", "f");
                hashtable.Add("16", "g");
                hashtable.Add("17", "h");
                hashtable.Add("18", "i");
                hashtable.Add("19", "j");
                hashtable.Add("20", "k");
                hashtable.Add("21", "l");
                hashtable.Add("22", "m");
                hashtable.Add("23", "n");
                hashtable.Add("24", "o");
                hashtable.Add("25", "p");
                hashtable.Add("26", "q");
                hashtable.Add("27", "r");
                hashtable.Add("28", "s");
                hashtable.Add("29", "t");
                hashtable.Add("30", "u");
                hashtable.Add("31", "v");
                hashtable.Add("32", "w");
                hashtable.Add("33", "x");
                hashtable.Add("34", "y");
                hashtable.Add("35", "z");
                _strXMLURL = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(@"..\..\") + "XMLs\\record.xml";
    
            }
            public static CreateID GetInstance()
            {
                if (_instance == null)
                {
                    lock (syncRoot)
                    {
                        if (_instance == null)
                        {
                            _instance = new CreateID();
                        }
                    }
                }
                return _instance;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 创建UniqueID
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns>UniqueID</returns>
            public string CreateUniqueID()
            {
                long _uniqueid = GetGuidFromXml();
                return Convert10To36(_uniqueid);
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取UniqueID总记录，即获取得到的这个ID是第几个ID
            /// 更新UniqueID使用的个数，用于下次使用
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private long GetGuidFromXml()
            {
                long record = 0;
                XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
                xmldoc.Load(_strXMLURL);
                XmlElement rootNode = xmldoc.DocumentElement;
                //此次的个数值
                record = Convert.ToInt64(rootNode["record"].InnerText);
                //此次的个数值+1 == 下次的个数值
                rootNode["record"].InnerText = Convert.ToString(record + 1);
                xmldoc.Save(_strXMLURL);
                return record;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 10进制转36进制
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="intNum10">10进制数</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private string Convert10To36(long intNum10)
            {
                string strNum36 = string.Empty;
                long result = intNum10 / 36;
                long remain = intNum10 % 36;
                if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))
                    strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
                intNum10 = result;
                while (intNum10 / 36 != 0)
                {
                    result = intNum10 / 36;
                    remain = intNum10 % 36;
                    if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))
                        strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
                    intNum10 = result;
                }
                if (intNum10 > 0 && intNum10 < 36)
                {
                    if (hashtable.ContainsKey(intNum10.ToString()))
                        strNum36 = hashtable[intNum10.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
                }
                return strNum36;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Summary description for EHashTable
        /// </summary>
        public class EHashtable : Hashtable
        {
            private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
            public override void Add(object key, object value)
            {
                base.Add(key, value);
                list.Add(key);
            }
            public override void Clear()
            {
                base.Clear();
                list.Clear();
            }
            public override void Remove(object key)
            {
                base.Remove(key);
                list.Remove(key);
            }
            public override ICollection Keys
            {
                get
                {
                    return list;
                }
            }
        }
    }

XML：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <root>
      <record id="record">1</record>
    </root>

**二、在JS中生成GUID，类似.NET中的 Guid.NewGuid()，代码如下：**

**三、在SQL存储过程生成GUID，代码如下：**

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[pro_CreateGuid] 
        @Prefix NVARCHAR(10),
        @outputV_guid NVARCHAR(40) OUTPUT
    AS
    BEGIN
        -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
        -- interfering with SELECT statements.
        SET NOCOUNT ON;
        -- Insert statements for procedure here
        SET @outputV_guid = @Prefix + REPLACE(CAST(NEWID() AS VARCHAR(36)),'-','')
    END

参考：[http://www.jb51.net/article/43823.htm][http_www.jb51.net_article_43823.htm]

**以下我整理了一份dotnet使用的GUID库：**

/// <summary>
        /// Guid生成工具
        /// </summary>
        public class GuidHelper
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 由连字符分隔的32位数字
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private static string GetGuid()
            {
                System.Guid guid = new Guid();
                guid = Guid.NewGuid();
                return guid.ToString();
            }
    
            /// <summary>  
            /// 根据GUID获取16位的唯一字符串  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=\"guid\"></param>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static string GuidTo16String()
            {
                long i = 1;
                foreach (byte b in Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray())
                    i *= ((int)b + 1);
                return string.Format("{0:x}", i - DateTime.Now.Ticks);
            }
    
            /// <summary>  
            /// 根据GUID获取19位的唯一数字序列  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static long GuidToLongID()
            {
                byte[] buffer = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();
                return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 唯一订单号生成
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static string GenerateOrderNumber()
            {
                string strDateTimeNumber = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms");
                string strRandomResult = NextRandom(1000, 1).ToString();
                return strDateTimeNumber + strRandomResult;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 参考：msdn上的RNGCryptoServiceProvider例子
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="numSeeds"></param>
            /// <param name="length"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private static int NextRandom(int numSeeds, int length)
            {
                // Create a byte array to hold the random value.  
                byte[] randomNumber = new byte[length];
                // Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider.  
                System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
                // Fill the array with a random value.  
                rng.GetBytes(randomNumber);
                // Convert the byte to an uint value to make the modulus operation easier.  
                uint randomResult = 0x0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    randomResult |= ((uint)randomNumber[i] << ((length - 1 - i) * 8));
                }
                return (int)(randomResult % numSeeds) + 1;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 生成特定位数的唯一字符串
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="num">特定位数</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static string GenerateUniqueText(int num)
            {
                string randomResult = string.Empty;
                string readyStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
                char[] rtn = new char[num];
                Guid gid = Guid.NewGuid();
                var ba = gid.ToByteArray();
                for (var i = 0; i < num; i++)
                {
                    rtn[i] = readyStr[((ba[i] + ba[num + i]) % 35)];
                }
                foreach (char r in rtn)
                {
                    randomResult += r;
                }
                return randomResult;
            }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/6235617.html

[http_www.jb51.net_article_43823.htm]: http://www.jb51.net/article/43823.htm