SpringCloud Alibaba 微服务架构（一）- 基于Nacos实现服务注册与发现

古城微笑少年丶 2023-05-22 14:24 11阅读 0赞

## 一、前言 ##

`nacos`是第二代微服务`SpringCloudAlibaba`开源的一款注册中心和分布式配置中心组件，其功能上为第一代微服务`SpringCloud`中`Eureka`和`Config`的结合体。简而言之，`Nacos`可以实现分布式服务注册与发现和分布式配置中心功能。

**Nacos官方文档：** [https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/what-is-nacos.html][https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_what-is-nacos.html]

## 二、环境要求 ##

> 注意： 在后续的文章中，我们全部使用以下环境来搭建学习第二代服务教程时的环境.

**版本说明参考：** **[https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/版本说明][https_github.com_alibaba_spring-cloud-alibaba_wiki]**

*  **spring-cloud-dependencies.version：** Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR3
 *  **spring-cloud.version:** 2.2.2.RELEASE
 *  **spring-cloud-alibaba-version：** 2.2.0.RELEASE
 *  **spring-boot-version：** 2.2.5.RELEASE
 *  **nacos-version：** 1.1.4  
    ————————————————

下面以`订单(Order)服务`为消费者，`商品服务(Product)`为生产者为例，搭建微服务环境，并且使用`nacos`，将服务注册到`nacos`中。

## 三、版本依赖关系![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70] ##

## 四、nacos安装 ##

`nacos`的安装和部署、启动都可参照`nacos`官方文档，这里我就以`Windows`环境为例，`Windwos`平台下如果要使用`nacos`，需要先去下载`nacos-server`安装包，下载完成后解压，双击`bin`目录下面的`startup.cmd`启动即可。

**nacos-server官网下载：** https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/

去官网下载`nacos-server`包比较慢，这里我贴出两个百度云的包提供给大家下载：

### 1. Windwos ###

*  **nacos-server 1.2.1 Windows环境**

> **链接：** [https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oOc3rAmS1lazVDj88c0k6w][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1oOc3rAmS1lazVDj88c0k6w]  
> **提取码：** rrh5

**注意：** `windwos`环境下启动`nacos`双击`start.up`即可。且`windows`环境默认是以单机模式启动。

*  **Windows环境启动**

cmd startup.cmd 或者双击 startup.cmd 文件

### 2. Linux ###

*  **nacos-server 1.2.1 Linux 环境**

> **链接：** [https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LFS1HV4TRHvXAs\_lzYr4SQ][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1LFS1HV4TRHvXAs_lzYr4SQ]  
> **提取码：** f0ue

**注意：** `linux`环境默认是以集群机模式启动的，所以如果使用的是`linux`，需要执行以下命令，表示单机模式启动。

*  **Linux/Unix/Mac环境启动**

sh startup.sh -m standalone

**解压后如图所示：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
**启动成功后如图：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

**初始访问地址：** [http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/index.html][http_127.0.0.1_8848_nacos_index.html]  
**账号密码：** nacos/nacos  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## 五、环境搭建 ##

以`订单(Order)`调用`商品(Product)`为例，分别创建父工程`springcloud-alibaba-nacos`、子工程`springcloud-alibaba-provider`、`springcloud-alibaba-consumer`

### 1. 搭建springcloud-alibaba-nacos ###

*  **pom.xml**

<modules>
            <module>springcloud-alibaba-provider</module>
            <module>springcloud-alibaba-consumer</module>
        </modules>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
    
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Hoxton.SR3</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
    
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
    
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>

### 2. 搭建springcloud-alibaba-provider服务提供者 ###

*  **pom.xml**

<parent>
            <groupId>com.thinkingcao</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba-nacos</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <relativePath>/</relativePath>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <name>springcloud-alibaba-provider</name>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba-provider</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

*  **application.yml**

server:
      port: 8715
    
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
            enabled: true
      application:
        name: nacos-product

*  **启动类AppProvider**

package com.thinkingcao.nacos;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    /** * @desc: * @author: cao_wencao * @date: 2020-04-16 22:54 */
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AppProvider { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(AppProvider.class);
        }
    }

### 2. 搭建springcloud-alibaba-consumer服务消费者 ###

*  **pom.xml**

<parent>
            <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba-nacos</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.thinkingcao</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <relativePath>/</relativePath>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba-consumer</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

*  **application.yml**

server:
      port: 8710
    spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
            enabled: true
      application:
        name: nacos-order

*  **启动类AppConsumer**

package com.thinkingcao.nacos;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    /** * @desc: * @author: cao_wencao * @date: 2020-04-16 22:55 */
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AppConsumer { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(AppConsumer.class);
        }
    }

## 六、测试 ##

启动`springcloud-alibaba-consumer`和`springcloud-alibaba-provider`，登录`nacos`控制台，查看服务是否注册成功。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

## 七、SpringCloudAlibaba教程 ##

**下一篇：** [Spring Cloud Alibaba教程(二)：实现Nacos注册中心高可用与原理解析][Spring Cloud Alibaba_Nacos]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_left]

[https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_what-is-nacos.html]: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/what-is-nacos.html
[https_github.com_alibaba_spring-cloud-alibaba_wiki]: https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230521/dcd10378fda94c7faf61f84c519835be.png
[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1oOc3rAmS1lazVDj88c0k6w]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oOc3rAmS1lazVDj88c0k6w
[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1LFS1HV4TRHvXAs_lzYr4SQ]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LFS1HV4TRHvXAs_lzYr4SQ
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20230521/b8c2ed86e17e46a9aebf104104eaf3da.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20230521/772b43e4bd194ca5847233ebcfa50c07.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8848_nacos_index.html]: http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/index.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20230521/84b4237f9a734acaa673c2ad97b486d8.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20230521/80255c19187c4fbf9920fc53b4da64b3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20230521/58fb7334b9334db39e3a21976ec56793.png
[Spring Cloud Alibaba_Nacos]: https://blog.csdn.net/Thinkingcao/article/details/105444651
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_left]: /images/20230521/7fa99ecb844e4017974edd79e5614dbd.png