Win10系统下MySQL 8.0.20安装和配置超详细教程

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2023-03-13 03:46 9阅读 0赞

### Win10系统下MySQL 8.0.20安装和配置超详细教程 ###

*  MySQL下载
 *  安装与配置

# MySQL下载 #

MySQL直接去官网下载就行，选择community版本（免费）下载，链接：[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xCX0FVVE8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]在select operating system中选择Microsoft Windows，下方对应出现最新版本的MySQL，目前是MySQL 8.0.20，有两个zip文件，选择第一个`Windows (x86, 64-bit), ZIP Archive`点击右侧的Download按钮进行下载

官网下载有时速度比较慢，我将该压缩包放到了网盘分享出来  
链接：[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1CaH\_pQwvfox7JTu0ceUE5A][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1CaH_pQwvfox7JTu0ceUE5A]  
提取码：6h6v

# 安装与配置 #

将下载好的压缩包解压缩到全英文目录下，比如我在D盘新建了MySQL文件夹，解压到该文件夹下，`D:/MySQL`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xCX0FVVE8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]然后把mysql 8.0.20所在的路径`D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64`添加到环境变量Path中  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xCX0FVVE8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]接下来正式安装和配置MySQL：  
（一）首先在`D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64`路径下创建一个my.ini文件，直接新建文本文档，然后重命名为my.ini即可。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xCX0FVVE8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
在文档中添加以下内容：  
（注意修改basedir和datadir的路径）

[mysqld]
    # 设置3306端口
    port=3306
    # 设置mysql的安装目录
    basedir=D:\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.20-winx64   # 此处为mysql的解压缩路径
    # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
    datadir=D:\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\\Data   # 此处同上，先不要在路径中创建Data目录，后面初始化时会自动生成
    # 允许最大连接数
    max_connections=200
    # 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
    max_connect_errors=10
    # 服务端使用的字符集默认为UTF8
    character-set-server=utf8
    # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    # 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
    default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
    [mysql]
    # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
    default-character-set=utf8
    [client]
    # 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
    port=3306
    default-character-set=utf8

（二）以管理员权限打开cmd（注意要以管理员权限打开），并将路径切换到`D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin`

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.815]
    (c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
    
    C:\Windows\system32>D:
    
    D:\>cd MySQL
    
    D:\MySQL>cd mysql-8.0.20-winx64
    
    D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64>cd bin
    
    D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>

输入`mysqld --initialize --console`，进行初始化。该步可以得到mysql的初始密码，root@localhost后面那一串就是初始密码，先记录下来，待会要用到

D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize --console
    2020-05-10T11:26:21.895908Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 9764
    2020-05-10T11:26:21.897278Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. 
    Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
    2020-05-10T11:26:21.915225Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
    2020-05-10T11:26:22.619057Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
    2020-05-10T11:26:24.265774Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9Zh31zk-@mof

输入`mysqld --install`（如果需要安装多个mysql服务，这步输入mysqld --install \[服务名\]）

D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysqld --install
    Service successfully installed.

显示Service successfully installed则说明安装成功  
输入`net start mysql`，启动MySQL服务

D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>net start mysql
    The MySQL service is starting.
    The MySQL service was started successfully.

输入`mysql -u root -p`，使用初始密码登录mysql，在Enter password后输入初始密码

D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: ************
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 8
    Server version: 8.0.20
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

登录后，把初始密码修改掉，可以设置成自己容易记住的密码。  
输入`ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '自己定义的密码';`（分号一定要带）

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '自己定义的密码;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

到这一步就完成了  
输入`show databases;`，可以查看包含哪些数据表

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
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[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1CaH_pQwvfox7JTu0ceUE5A]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1CaH_pQwvfox7JTu0ceUE5A
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xCX0FVVE8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20230312/c567e8d6bbaa4cf79eeeeff3dc201a45.png
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