k8s，盘他！kubectl常规命令操作集锦

灰太狼 2023-03-13 03:22 9阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  前言
 *  一：kubectl管理
 *   *   *  1.1：使用kubectl命令管理项目的生命周期
         *   *   *  1.1.1：创建
                 *  1.1.2、发布
                 *  1.1.3：更新
                 *  1.1.4：回滚
                 *  1.1.5：删除
         *  1.2：其他常规操作
         *  如有疑问可评论区交流！

# 前言 #

# 一：kubectl管理 #

*  kubectl是管理k8s的命令行工具，通过生成json格式传递给apiserver进行一些操作
 *  更全的kubectl命令请查看`kubectl --help`，以下仅列出常用的命令
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl --help
        kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager. 
        
        Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
        
        Basic Commands (Beginner):
          create         Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
          expose         使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes Service
          run            在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
          set            为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
        
        Basic Commands (Intermediate):
          explain        查看资源的文档
          get            显示一个或更多 resources
          edit           在服务器上编辑一个资源
          delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
        
        Deploy Commands:
          rollout        Manage the rollout of a resource
          scale          为 Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller 或者 Job 设置一个新的副本数量
          autoscale      自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量
        
        Cluster Management Commands:
          certificate    修改 certificate 资源.
          cluster-info   显示集群信息
          top            Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
          cordon         标记 node 为 unschedulable
          uncordon       标记 node 为 schedulable
          drain          Drain node in preparation for maintenance
          taint          更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
        
        Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
          describe       显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
          logs           输出容器在 pod 中的日志
          attach         Attach 到一个运行中的 container
          exec           在一个 container 中执行一个命令
          port-forward   Forward one or more local ports to a pod
          proxy          运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
          cp             复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
          auth           Inspect authorization
        
        Advanced Commands:
          apply          通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
          patch          使用 strategic merge patch 更新一个资源的 field(s)
          replace        通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
          wait           Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
          convert        在不同的 API versions 转换配置文件
        
        Settings Commands:
          label          更新在这个资源上的 labels
          annotate       更新一个资源的注解
          completion     Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
        
        Other Commands:
          alpha          Commands for features in alpha
          api-resources  Print the supported API resources on the server
          api-versions   Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
          config         修改 kubeconfig 文件
          plugin         Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
          version        输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
        
        Usage:
          kubectl [flags] [options]
        
        Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
        Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

### 1.1：使用kubectl命令管理项目的生命周期 ###

*  项目的生命周期：创建、发布、更新、回滚、删除

##### 1.1.1：创建 #####

*  创建一个nginx的pod
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx-test --image=nginx:latest --port=80 --replicas=3
        kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
        deployment.apps/nginx-test created
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w	'//-w：动态查看'
        [root@master ~]# kubectl  get pods -o wide	'//查看资源创建在那个节点上'
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get all	'//查看更详细信息：副本资源和控制器资源'
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment,replicaset	'//仅查询pod资源的两个项'

##### 1.1.2、发布 #####

*      [root@master ~]# kubectl get svc	'//查看原有的service服务'
        NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
        kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP   92m
        [root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-test --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=nginx-service --type=NodePort	'//将刚刚创建的暴露出来'
        service/nginx-service exposed
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get svc	'//再次查看'
        NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
        kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        92m
        nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.176   <none>        80:36355/TCP   3s
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide	'//查看pods在哪个节点上'
        NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE              NOMINATED NODE
        nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7         1/1     Running   0          7d10h   172.17.26.2   192.168.233.132   <none>
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-4rvpl   1/1     Running   0          9m55s   172.17.4.3    192.168.233.133   <none>
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-qwrc6   1/1     Running   0          9m55s   172.17.4.2    192.168.233.133   <none>
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-xhtpb   1/1     Running   0          9m55s   172.17.26.4   192.168.233.132   <none>
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get endpoints	'//查看pod资源的endpoint'
        NAME            ENDPOINTS                                    AGE
        kubernetes      192.168.233.130:6443,192.168.233.131:6443    93m
        nginx-service   172.17.26.4:80,172.17.4.2:80,172.17.4.3:80   38s
 *  可以查看资源对象的缩写
    
        [root@master dashboard]# kubectl api-resources
 *  pod资源的调度
    
    > 当我们创建多个pod、service资源时，kube-proxy会做负载均衡，此时我们通过访问任意node节点ip可以访问所有的资源
    > 
    > kubernetes中kube-proxy支持三种模式，在v1.8之前我们使用的是iptables以及userspace两种模式，在kubernetes1.8之后加入了ipvs
    
        [root@node01 ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm 
        [root@node01 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n	'//查看调度'
        IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
        Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
          -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
        TCP  127.0.0.1:30005 rr
          -> 172.17.26.3:8443             Masq    1      0          0         
        TCP  127.0.0.1:36355 rr	'//发现可以访问本地地址可以自动轮询给三个pod资源，node02也是一样的'
          -> 172.17.4.2:80                Masq    1      0          0         
          -> 172.17.4.3:80                Masq    1      0          0         
          -> 172.17.26.4:80               Masq    1      0          0
 *  访问网页，查看日志

![mark][]

[root@master ~]# kubectl logs nginx-test-59f87d55d6-4rvpl
    [root@master ~]# kubectl logs nginx-test-59f87d55d6-qwrc6
    [root@master ~]# kubectl logs nginx-test-59f87d55d6-xhtpb	'//网页只访问了一次，所以只有一个pod资源有日志'
        ...省略内容
    172.17.26.1 - - [08/May/2020:04:03:06 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 556 "http://192.168.233.132:36355/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36" "-"

##### 1.1.3：更新 #####

*  开发者模式查看版本号（我使用的是谷歌浏览器）
    
    ![mark][mark 1]
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment/nginx-test nginx-test=nginx:1.13 	'//更新版本'
        deployment.extensions/nginx-test image updated
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w	'//动态查看'
        '//容器的更新：滚动更新，容器只有删除和创建，没有重启的'
 *  重新访问网页，再次查看版本
    
    ![mark][mark 2]

##### 1.1.4：回滚 #####

*  查看历史状态
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-test
        deployment.extensions/nginx-test 
        REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
        1         <none>
        2         <none>
 *  执行回滚
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-test
        deployment.extensions/nginx-test
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w	'//动态查看'
 *  检查回滚状态
    
    ![mark][mark 3]

##### 1.1.5：删除 #####

*  删除不仅仅是pod，还有service
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment/nginx-test
        deployment.extensions "nginx-test" deleted
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w
        NAME                          READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
        nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7         1/1     Running       0          7d10h
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-xgbrd   0/1     Terminating   0          3m13s
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-zs5nf   0/1     Terminating   0          2m59s
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-zs5nf   0/1   Terminating   0     3m4s
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-zs5nf   0/1   Terminating   0     3m4s
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-xgbrd   0/1   Terminating   0     3m18s
        nginx-test-59f87d55d6-xgbrd   0/1   Terminating   0     3m18s
        ^C[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods 	'//再次查看pod资源'
        NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
        nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7   1/1     Running   0          7d10h
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get svc	'//查看service'
        NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
        kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        137m
        nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.176   <none>        80:36355/TCP   44m
        [root@master ~]# kubectl delete svc/nginx-service	'//删除service'
        service "nginx-service" deleted
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get svc	'//重新查看'
        NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
        kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP   137m

### 1.2：其他常规操作 ###

*  查看资源的详细信息
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl get all
        NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
        pod/nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7   1/1     Running   0          7d11h
        
        NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
        service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP   163m
        
        NAME                    DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
        deployment.apps/nginx   1         1         1            1           7d11h
        
        NAME                              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
        replicaset.apps/nginx-dbddb74b8   1         1         1       7d11h
 *  查看service资源
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl describe service/kubernetes
        Name:              kubernetes
        Namespace:         default
        Labels:            component=apiserver
                           provider=kubernetes
        Annotations:       <none>
        Selector:          <none>
        Type:              ClusterIP
        IP:                10.0.0.1
        Port:              https  443/TCP
        TargetPort:        6443/TCP
        Endpoints:         192.168.233.130:6443,192.168.233.131:6443
        Session Affinity:  None
        Events:            <none>
 *  查看deployment资源
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl describe deployment.apps/nginx
        Name:                   nginx
        Namespace:              default
        CreationTimestamp:      Fri, 01 May 2020 01:31:30 +0800
        Labels:                 run=nginx
        Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
        Selector:               run=nginx
        Replicas:               1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
        StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
        MinReadySeconds:        0
        RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
        Pod Template:
          Labels:  run=nginx
          Containers:
           nginx:
            Image:        nginx
            Port:         <none>
            Host Port:    <none>
            Environment:  <none>
            Mounts:       <none>
          Volumes:        <none>
        Conditions:
          Type           Status  Reason
          ----           ------  ------
          Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
          Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
        OldReplicaSets:  <none>
        NewReplicaSet:   nginx-dbddb74b8 (1/1 replicas created)
        Events:          <none>
 *  进入pod
    
        [root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7 bash
        root@nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7:/# ls
        bin   dev  home  lib64	mnt  proc  run	 srv  tmp  var
        boot  etc  lib	 media	opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
        root@nginx-dbddb74b8-5s6h7:/# exit 
        exit

### 如有疑问可评论区交流！ ###

[mark]: /images/20230312/8c79c2afb26e447b92e1e105182d634e.png
[mark 1]: /images/20230312/f2e828e7dbad4733a58a2f2bf6ac1f05.png
[mark 2]: /images/20230312/77f2995d902a40caa8c67cc716746b92.png
[mark 3]: /images/20230312/c1c98d73b49a463d914aa743866ac29a.png