AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3（差异和何时使用？）

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2023-03-04 09:23 10阅读 0赞

本文翻译自：[AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 (differences & when to use?)][AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 _differences _ when to use]

*As per the title of this question, what are the practical differences between AWS EFS, EBS and S3?* **根据这个问题的标题，AWS EFS，EBS和S3之间的实际差异是什么？**

*My understanding of each:* **我对每个人的理解：**

*  *S3 is a storage facility accessible any where* **S3是一个可在任何地方访问的存储设施**
 *  *EBS is a device you can mount onto EC2* **EBS是一种可以安装到EC2上的设备**
 *  *EFS is a file system you can mount onto EC2* **EFS是一个可以安装到EC2上的文件系统**

*So why would I use EBS over EFS?* **那么为什么我会使用EBS而不是EFS？** *Seem like they have the same use cases but minor semantic differences?* **看起来他们有相同的用例但是语义差异很小？** *Although EFS is replicated across AZs where as EBS is just a mounted device.* **虽然EFS是在AZ之间复制的，因为EBS只是一个已安装的设备。** *I guess my understanding of EBS is lacking hence I'm unable to distinguish.* **我想我对EBS的理解是缺乏的，因此我无法区分。**

*Why choose S3 over EFS?* **为什么选择S3而不是EFS？** *They both store files, scale and are replicated.* **它们都存储文件，扩展和复制。** *I guess with S3 you have to use the SDK where as with EFS being a file system you can you standard I/O methods from your programming language of choice to create files.* **我想在S3中你必须使用SDK，因为EFS是一个文件系统，你可以从你选择的编程语言中选择标准的I / O方法来创建文件。** *But is that the only real difference?* **但那是唯一真正的区别吗？**

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### \#1楼 ###

参考：[https://stackoom.com/question/2062h/AWS-EFS-vs-EBS-vs-S-差异和何时使用][https_stackoom.com_question_2062h_AWS-EFS-vs-EBS-vs-S-]

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### \#2楼 ###

*Fixing the comparison:* **修正比较：**

*  *S3 is a storage facility accessible any where* **S3是一个可在任何地方访问的存储设施**
 *  *EBS is a device you can mount onto EC2* **EBS是一种可以安装到EC2上的设备**
 *  *EFS is a file system you can mount onto **several EC2 instances at the same time*** **EFS是一个文件系统，可以同时安装到多个EC2实例上**

*At this point it's a little premature to compare EFS and EBS- the performance of EFS isn't known, nor is its reliability known.* **此时比较EFS和EBS还为时尚早 - EFS的性能未知，其可靠性也未知。**

*Why would you use S3?* **你为什么要用S3？**

*  *You don't have a need for the files to be 'local' to one or more EC2 instances.* **您不需要将文件作为一个或多个EC2实例的“本地”。**
 *  *(effectively) infinite capacity* **（有效）无限的能力**
 *  *built-in web serving, authentication* **内置Web服务，身份验证**

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### \#3楼 ###

*One word answer: MONEY :D* **一个字回答：钱：D**

***1 GB to store in US-East-1:** (Updated at 2016.dec.20)* **1 GB存储在US-East-1 :(更新于2016.dec.20）**

*  *Glacier: $0.004/Month (Note: Major price cut in 2016)* **冰川：每月0.004美元（注：2016年主要降价）**
 *  *S3: $0.023/Month* **S3：每月0.023美元**
 *  *S3-IA (announced in 2015.09): $0.0125/Month (+$0.01/gig retrieval charge)* **S3-IA（2015.09宣布）：0.0125美元/月（+ 0.01美元/ gig检索费）**
 *  *EBS: $0.045-0.1/Month (depends on speed - SSD or not) + IOPS costs* **EBS：0.045-0.1美元/月（取决于速度 - SSD与否）+ IOPS成本**
 *  *EFS: $0.3/Month* **EFS：0.3美元/月**

*Further storage options, which may be used for temporary storing data while/before processing it:* **更多存储选项，可用于在处理数据时/临时存储数据：**

*  *SNS* **SNS**
 *  *SQS* **SQS**
 *  *Kinesis stream* **Kinesis流**
 *  *DynamoDB, SimpleDB* **DynamoDB，SimpleDB**

*The costs above are just samples.* **以上费用只是样品。** *There can be differences by region, and it can change at any point.* **区域可能存在差异，并且可能随时发生变化。** *Also there are extra costs for data transfer (out to the internet).* **还有额外的数据传输成本（到互联网）。** *However they **show a ratio between the prices of the services** .* **然而，它们显示了服务价格之间的比率 。**

*There are a lot more differences between these services:* **这些服务之间存在很多差异：**

***EFS is:*** **EFS是：**

*  *[Generally Available][] (out of preview), but may not yet be available in your region* **[一般可用][Generally Available] （预览外），但您所在的地区可能尚未提供**
 *  *Network filesystem (that means it may have bigger latency but it can be shared across several instances; even between regions)* **网络文件系统（这意味着它可能具有更大的延迟，但它可以在多个实例之间共享;甚至在区域之间）**
 *  *It is expensive compared to EBS (~10x more) but it gives extra features.* **与EBS相比价格昂贵（大约多10倍），但它提供了额外的功能。**
 *  *It's a highly available service.* **这是一项高度可用的服务。**
 *  *It's a managed service* **这是一个托管服务**
 *  *You can attach the EFS storage to an EC2 Instance* **您可以将EFS存储附加到EC2实例**
 *  *Can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously* **可以同时由多个EC2实例访问**
 *  *Since 2016.dec.20 it's possible to attach your EFS storage directly to [on-premise servers via Direct Connect.][]* **从2016.dec.20开始，可以[通过Direct Connect][on-premise servers via Direct Connect.]将您的EFS存储直接连接到[本地服务器。][on-premise servers via Direct Connect.]** *()* **（）**

***EBS is:*** **EBS是：**

*  *A block storage (so you need to format it).* **块存储（因此您需要格式化它）。** *This means you are able to choose which type of file system you want.* **这意味着您可以选择所需的文件系统类型。**
 *  *As it's a block storage, you can use Raid 1 (or 0 or 10) with multiple block storages* **由于它是块存储，因此您可以将Raid 1（或0或10）与多个块存储一起使用**
 *  *It is really fast* **它真的很快**
 *  *It is relatively cheap* **它相对便宜**
 *  *With the new announcements from Amazon, you can store up to 16TB data per storage on SSD-s.* **通过亚马逊的新发布，您可以在SSD-s上为每个存储存储多达16TB的数据。**
 *  *You can snapshot an EBS (while it's still running) for backup reasons* **出于备份原因，您可以对EBS进行快照（当它仍在运行时）**
 *  *But it only exists in a particular region.* **但它只存在于特定地区。** *Although you can migrate it to another region, you cannot just access it across regions (only if you share it via the EC2; but that means you have a file server)* **虽然您可以将其迁移到其他区域，但您不能仅跨区域访问它（仅当您通过EC2共享它时;但这意味着您有一个文件服务器）**
 *  *You need an EC2 instance to attach it to* **您需要一个EC2实例来附加它**
 *  *[New feature][] (2017.Feb.15): You can now increase volume size, adjust performance, or change the volume type while the volume is in use.* **[新功能][New feature] （2017.Feb.15）：您现在可以在使用音量时增加音量大小，调整性能或更改音量类型。** *You can continue to use your application while the change takes effect.* **您可以在更改生效时继续使用您的应用程序。**

***S3 is:*** **S3是：**

*  *An object store (not a file system).* **对象存储（不是文件系统）。**
 *  *You can store files and "folders" but can't have locks, permissions etc like you would with a traditional file system* **您可以存储文件和“文件夹”，但不能像传统文件系统那样拥有锁，权限等**
 *  *This means, by default you can't just mount S3 and use it as your webserver* **这意味着，默认情况下，您不能只挂载S3并将其用作您的网络服务器**
 *  *But it's perfect for storing your images and videos for your website* **但它非常适合存储您网站的图像和视频**
 *  *Great for short term archiving (eg a few weeks).* **非常适合短期归档（例如几周）。** *It's good for long term archiving too, but Glacier is more cost efficient.* **它也适用于长期存档，但Glacier更具成本效益。**
 *  *Great for storing logs* **非常适合存储日志**
 *  *You can access the data from every region (extra costs may apply)* **您可以访问每个地区的数据（可能需要额外费用）**
 *  *Highly Available, Redundant.* **高度可用，冗余。** *Basically data loss is not possible (99.999999999% durability, 99.9 uptime SLA)* **基本上数据丢失是不可能的（99.999999999％耐用性，99.9正常运行时间SLA）**
 *  *Much cheaper than EBS.* **比EBS便宜得多。**
 *  *You can serve the content directly to the internet, you can even have a full (static) website working direct from S3, without an EC2 instance* **您可以直接将内容提供给互联网，甚至可以直接从S3使用完整的（静态）网站，而无需EC2实例**

***Glacier is:*** **冰川是：**

*  *Long term archive storage* **长期存档存储**
 *  *Extremely cheap to store* **存储非常便宜**
 *  *Potentially very expensive to retrieve* **检索可能非常昂贵**
 *  *Takes up to 4 hours to "read back" your data (so only store items you know you won't need to retrieve for a long time)* **最多需要4个小时来“回读”您的数据（因此只存储您知道长时间不需要检索的项目）**

*As it got mentioned in JDL's comment, there are several interesting aspects in terms of pricing.* **正如JDL评论中提到的那样，在定价方面有几个有趣的方面。** *For example Glacier, S3, EFS allocates the storage for you based on your usage, while at EBS you need to predefine the allocated storage.* **例如，Glacier，S3，EFS根据您的使用情况为您分配存储，而在EBS中，您需要预定义分配的存储。** *Which means, you need to over estimate.* **这意味着，你需要过度估计。** *( However it's easy to add more storage to your EBS volumes, it requires some engineering, which means you always "overpay" your EBS storage, which makes it even more expensive.)* **（但是，为EBS卷添加更多存储空间很容易，这需要一些工程设计，这意味着您总是“多付”您的EBS存储空间，这使得它更加昂贵。）**

*Source: [AWS Storage Update – New Lower Cost S3 Storage Option & Glacier Price Reduction][AWS Storage Update _ New Lower Cost S3 Storage Option _ Glacier Price Reduction]* **来源： [AWS Storage Update - 新的低成本S3存储选项和降低冰川价格][AWS Storage Update _ New Lower Cost S3 Storage Option _ Glacier Price Reduction]**

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### \#4楼 ###

*I wonder why people are not highlighting the MOST compelling reason in favor of EFS.* **我想知道为什么人们没有强调支持EFS的最有说服力的理由。** *EFS can be mounted on more than one EC2 instance at the same time, enabling access to files on EFS at the same time.* **EFS可以同时安装在多个EC2实例上，从而可以同时访问EFS上的文件。**

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### \#5楼 ###

*To add to the comparison: (burst)read/write-performance on EFS depends on gathered credits.* **添加到比较：EFS上的（突发）读/写性能取决于收集的信用。** *Gathering of credits depends on the amount of data you store on it.* **信用的收集取决于您存储在其上的数据量。** *More date -> more credits.* **更多日期 - >更多学分。** *That means that when you only need a few GB of storage which is read or written often you will run out of credits very soon and througphput drops to about 50kb/s.* **这意味着当你只需要几GB的存储空间时，你很快就会读取或写入存储空间，并且很快就会耗尽，并且吞吐量会下降到大约50kb / s。** *The only way to fix this (in my case) was to add large dummy files to increase the rate credits are earned.* **修复此问题的唯一方法（在我的情况下）是添加大型虚拟文件以增加获得的信用额度。** *However more storage -> more cost.* **但是更多的存储 - >更多的成本。**

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### \#6楼 ###

*Apart from price and features, the throughput also varies greatly (as mentioned by user1677120):* **除了价格和功能外，吞吐量也有很大差异（如用户1677120所述）：**

## *EBS* **EBS** ##

*Taken from [EBS docs][] :* **摘自[EBS文档][EBS docs] ：**

| EBS volume | Throughput |           Throughput          |
    |    type    |   MiB/s    |         dependent on..        |
    |------------|------------|-------------------------------|
    | gp2 (SSD)  | 128-160    | volume size                   |
    | io1 (SSD)  | 0.25-500   | IOPS (256Kib/s per IOPS)      |
    | st1 (HDD)  | 20-500     | volume size (40Mib/s per TiB) |
    | sc1 (HDD)  | 6-250      | volume size (12Mib/s per TiB) |

*Note, that for io1, st1 and sc1 you can burst throughput traffic to at least 125Mib/s, but to 500Mib/s, depending on volume size.* **请注意，对于io1，st1和sc1，您可以将吞吐量流量突发至至少125Mib / s，但达到500Mib / s，具体取决于卷大小。**

*You can further increase throughput by eg [deploying EBS volumes as RAID0][]* **您可以通过[将EBS卷部署为RAID0][deploying EBS volumes as RAID0]来进一步提高吞吐量**

## *EFS* **EFS** ##

*Taken from [EFS docs][]* **摘自[EFS文档][EFS docs]**

| Filesystem |    Base    |   Burst    |
    |    Size    | Throughput | Throughput |
    |    GiB     |   MiB/s    |   MiB/s    |
    |------------|------------|------------|
    |         10 |        0.5 |        100 |
    |        256 |       12.5 |        100 |
    |        512 |       25.0 |        100 |
    |       1024 |       50.0 |        100 |
    |       1536 |       75.0 |        150 |
    |       2048 |      100.0 |        200 |
    |       3072 |      150.0 |        300 |
    |       4096 |      200.0 |        400 |

*The base throughput is guaranteed, burst throughput uses up credits you gathered while being below the base throughput (so you'll only have this for a limited time, see [here][EFS docs] for more details.* **基本吞吐量得到保证，突发吞吐量会消耗您在低于基本吞吐量时收集的信用额度（因此您只能在有限的时间内使用[此][EFS docs]信息，请参阅[此处][EFS docs]了解更多详细信息。**

## *S3* **S3** ##

*S3 is a total different thing, so it cannot really be compared to EBS and EFS.* **S3是完全不同的东西，因此无法与EBS和EFS进行比较。** *Plus: There are no published throughput metrics for S3.* **另外：S3没有公布的吞吐量指标。** *You can improve throughput by downloading in parallel (I somewhere read AWS states you would have basically unlimited throughput this way), or adding CloudFront to the mix* **您可以通过并行下载来提高吞吐量（我在某处读取AWS状态，您可以通过这种方式获得基本无限的吞吐量），或者将CloudFront添加到混合中**

[AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 _differences _ when to use]: https://oldbug.net/q/2062h/AWS-EFS-vs-EBS-vs-S3-differences-when-to-use
[https_stackoom.com_question_2062h_AWS-EFS-vs-EBS-vs-S-]: https://stackoom.com/question/2062h/AWS-EFS-vs-EBS-vs-S-%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%95%E6%97%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8
[Generally Available]: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2016/06/amazon-elastic-file-system-efs-is-now-generally-available/
[on-premise servers via Direct Connect.]: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-efs-update-on-premises-access-via-direct-connect-vpc/
[New feature]: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-ebs-update-new-elastic-volumes-change-everything/
[AWS Storage Update _ New Lower Cost S3 Storage Option _ Glacier Price Reduction]: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/aws-storage-update-new-lower-cost-s3-storage-option-glacier-price-reduction/
[EBS docs]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSVolumeTypes.html
[deploying EBS volumes as RAID0]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/raid-config.html#raid-config-options
[EFS docs]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/performance.html#bursting