cobbler

小咪咪 2023-03-02 10:26 11阅读 0赞

### cobbler ###

*  cobbler简介
 *  cobbler安装

# cobbler简介 #

***Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。(批量装机)***

*Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。*

*Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。*

*Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。*

**cobbler集成的服务**

*PXE服务支持  
DHCP服务管理  
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)  
电源管理  
Kickstart服务支持  
YUM仓库管理  
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)  
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)*

**cobbler配置文件详解**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>配置文件</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/settings</td> 
   <td>cobbler 主配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/iso/</td> 
   <td>iso模板配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/pxe</td> 
   <td>pxe模板配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/power</td> 
   <td>电源配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/user.conf</td> 
   <td>web服务授权配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/users.digest</td> 
   <td>web访问的用户名密码配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template</td> 
   <td>dhcp服务器的的配置模板</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template</td> 
   <td>dns服务器的配置模板</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template</td> 
   <td>tftp服务的配置模板</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/etc/cobbler/modules.conf</td> 
   <td>模块的配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

***cobbler数据目录***

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>目录</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/lib/cobbler/config/</td> 
   <td>用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/</td> 
   <td>用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/</td> 
   <td>默认存放kickstart文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/</td> 
   <td>存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/</td> 
   <td>导入的发行版系统的所有数据</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/www/cobbler/images/</td> 
   <td>导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/</td> 
   <td>yum仓库存储目录</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

***cobbler日志文件***

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>日志文件路径</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/log/cobbler/installing</td> 
   <td>客户端安装日志</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log</td> 
   <td>cobbler日志</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# cobbler安装 #

*准备环境*
    
    
    下载yum源
    [root@zyy180 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    
    
    缓存
    [root@zyy180 ~]# yum makecache fast
    
    
    
    下载epel源
    [root@zyy180 ~]# yum -y install epel-release
    
    
    
    下载所需软件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart 
    
    
    
    关闭防火墙和selinux
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]#reboot

1.开启服务
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl start httpd
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
    
    
    
    
    
    2.将/etc/cobbler/settings server改为自身IP
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.30.150/' /etc/cobbler/settings
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.30.150/' /etc/cobbler/settings
    
    
    
    
    
    3.将ftp服务开启
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    
    
    
    
    
    
    4.下载缺失文件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler get-loaders
    
    task started: 2020-07-29_091804_get_loaders
    task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Jul 29 09:18:04 2020)
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    
    
    
    5.开启rsyncd服务
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
    
    
    
    
    6.生成加密密码并写进配置文件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'zyy'
    $1$15189$FJHvFl8isFyCgLC3o2KuF.
    
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    default_password_crypted: "$1$15189$FJHvFl8isFyCgLC3o2KuF."
    
    
    
    
    
    查看端口
    [root@zyy180 ~]# ss -anlt
    State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
    LISTEN      0      128               *:22                            *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      100       127.0.0.1:25                            *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5         127.0.0.1:25151                         *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                 *:873                           *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      128              :::80                           :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128              :::22                           :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      100             ::1:25                           :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128              :::443                          :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                :::873                          :::*         
    
    
    
    
    
    7.通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题 (这两项不需要管，是debian系统的错误)
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler check
    
    The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
    
    1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
    
    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
    
    
    
    
    
    8.开启DHCP服务并修改DHCP配置文件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    [root@zyy180 ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
    manage_dhcp: 1
    
    
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
    
    subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {                       ##网段
         option routers             192.168.30.150;                ##网关             
         option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;           #DNS
         option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
         range dynamic-bootp        192.168.30.100 192.168.30.120;    ##分配地址段
         default-lease-time         21600;
         max-lease-time             43200;
         next-server                $next_server;
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    9.重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
    
    [root@192 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler sync
    
    task started: 2020-07-28_225403_sync
    task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Jul 28 22:54:03 2020)
    running pre-sync triggers
    cleaning trees
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
    copying bootloaders
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
    trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    copying distros to tftpboot
    copying images
    generating PXE configuration files
    generating PXE menu structure
    rendering DHCP files
    generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    rendering TFTPD files
    generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    cleaning link caches
    running post-sync triggers
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
    running: dhcpd -t -q
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    running: service dhcpd restart
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    
    
    
    
    查看DHCP是否起来
    [root@zyy180 ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
    udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           20500/dhcpd  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    10导入redhat7镜像
    [root@zyy180 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
    
    task started: 2020-07-29_092338_import
    task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Jul 29 09:23:38 2020)
    Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
    Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
    Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
    Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64:
    creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
    creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
    associating repos
    checking for rsync repo(s)
    checking for rhn repo(s)
    checking for yum repo(s)
    starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 for rhel-7-x86_64
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    
    //说明：
        --path      //镜像路径
        --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
        --arch      //指定安装源平台
    
    
    
    
    
    
    查看cobbler镜像列表
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler list
    distros:
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    profiles:
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    systems:
    
    repos:
    
    images:
    
    mgmtclasses:
    
    packages:
    
    files:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    11.创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
     auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
     bootloader --location=mbr
     clearpart --all --initlabel
     part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
     part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
     part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
     text
     firewall --disabled
     firstboot --disable
     keyboard us
     lang en_US
     url --url=http://192.168.30.150/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64             ##修改成自己的IP
     $yum_repo_stanza 
     reboot
    
     rootpw --iscrypted $6$Q5HYhwDJnUEcijX.\$sIj7fKCNg1Out8MMnU71QQnPPyAKVAYfrwxiFoSdwz4/0DjP0v88ch2AJjOtPcpUtyptxEp4no6B..Z9VrQCV/                  
                                     ##密码
     
     selinux --disabled
     skipx
     timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
     install
     zerombr
     
     %packages
     @^minimal
     @core
     kexec-tools
     
     %end
     
     %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
    
     %end
     
     %anaconda
     pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
     pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
     pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
     %end
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    12.检查ks文件语法是否有误
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler validateks
    
    task started: 2020-07-29_092912_validateks
    task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Wed Jul 29 09:29:12 2020)
    ----------------------------
    osversion: rhel7
    checking url: http://192.168.30.150/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
    running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.30.150/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    *** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    
    
    
    
    
    查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler profile list
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    
    
    
    
    13.修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
    
    
    
    
    
    14.配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
    
    
    
    
    
    
    15.检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler profile report
    
    Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
    TFTP Boot Files                : {}
    Comment                        : 
    DHCP Tag                       : default
    Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
    Enable gPXE?                   : 0
    Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
    Fetchable Files                : {}
    Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
    Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
    Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
    Kickstart Metadata             : {}
    Management Classes             : []
    Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
    Name Servers                   : []
    Name Servers Search Path       : []
    Owners                         : ['admin']
    Parent Profile                 : 
    Internal proxy                 : 
    Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
    Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
    Repos                          : []
    Server Override                : <<inherit>>
    Template Files                 : {}
    Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
    Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
    Virt CPUs                      : 1
    Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
    Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
    Virt Path                      : 
    Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
    Virt Type                      : kvm
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    16.同步cobbler
    [root@zyy180 ~]# cobbler sync
    
    task started: 2020-07-29_092958_sync
    task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jul 29 09:29:58 2020)
    running pre-sync triggers
    cleaning trees
    removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
    copying bootloaders
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    copying distros to tftpboot
    copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
    copying images
    generating PXE configuration files
    generating PXE menu structure
    copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
    Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
    rendering DHCP files
    generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    rendering TFTPD files
    generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    cleaning link caches
    running post-sync triggers
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
    running: dhcpd -t -q
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    running: service dhcpd restart
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    
    
    
    
    
    17.重启服务
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@zyy180 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
    
    
    
    
    
    [root@zyy180 ~]# ss -anlt
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
    LISTEN     0      128              *:22                           *:*                  
    LISTEN     0      100      127.0.0.1:25                           *:*                  
    LISTEN     0      5        127.0.0.1:25151                        *:*                  
    LISTEN     0      5                *:873                          *:*                  
    LISTEN     0      128             :::80                          :::*                  
    LISTEN     0      128             :::22                          :::*                  
    LISTEN     0      100            ::1:25                          :::*                  
    LISTEN     0      128             :::443                         :::*                  
    LISTEN     0      5               :::873                         :::*

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3p5eTEzMDk4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3p5eTEzMDk4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230208/598c41b5521845148b1d18e9e0897314.png