kubernetes ConfigMap存储卷

梦里梦外; 2023-03-01 11:58 26阅读 0赞

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前言

使用 ConfigMap 来将你的配置数据和应用程序代码分开。比如，假设你正在开发一个应用，它可以在你自己的电脑上（用于开发）和在云上（用于实际流量）运行。你的代码里有一段是用于查看环境变量 `DATABASE_HOST`，在本地运行时，你将这个变量设置为 `localhost`，在云上，你将其设置为引用 Kubernetes 集群中的公开数据库 Service 中的组件。这让你可以获取在云中运行的容器镜像，并且如果有需要的话，在本地调试完全相同的代码。

## ConfigMap 对象 ##

ConfigMap 是一个 API 对象，让你可以存储其他对象所需要使用的配置。和其他 Kubernetes 对象都有一个 spec 不同的是，ConfigMap 使用 data 块来存储元素（键名）和它们的值。ConfigMap 的名字必须是一个合法的 DNS 子域名。

## ConfigMaps 和 Pods ##

你可以写一个引用 ConfigMap 的 Pod 的 `spec`，并根据 ConfigMap 中的数据在该 Pod 中配置容器。这个 Pod 和 ConfigMap 必须要在同一个 命名空间 中。这是一个 ConfigMap 的示例，它的一些键只有一个值，其他键的值看起来像是配置的片段格式。

apiVersion: v1
    kind: Pod
    metadata:
      name: configmap-demo-pod
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: demo
          image: game.example/demo-game
          env:
            # 定义环境变量
            - name: PLAYER_INITIAL_LIVES # 请注意这里和 ConfigMap 中的键名是不一样的
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: game-demo           # 这个值来自 ConfigMap
                  key: player_initial_lives # 需要取值的键
            - name: UI_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: game-demo
                  key: ui_properties_file_name
          volumeMounts:
          - name: config
            mountPath: "/config"
            readOnly: true
      volumes:
        # 您可以在 Pod 级别设置卷，然后将其挂载到 Pod 内的容器中
        - name: config
          configMap:
            # 提供你想要挂载的 ConfigMap 的名字
            name: game-demo

ConfigMap 不会区分单行属性值和多行类似文件的值，重要的是 Pods 和其他对象如何使用这些值。比如，定义一个卷，并将它作为 `/config` 文件夹安装到 `demo` 容器内，并创建四个文件：

*  `/config/player_initial_lives`
 *  `/config/ui_properties_file_name`
 *  `/config/game.properties`
 *  `/config/user-interface.properties`

如果你要确保 `/config` 只包含带有 `.properties` 扩展名的文件，可以使用两个不同的 ConfigMaps，并在 `spec` 中同时引用这两个 ConfigMaps 来创建 Pod。第一个 ConfigMap 定义了 `player_initial_lives` 和 `ui_properties_file_name`，第二个 ConfigMap 定义了 kubelet 放进 `/config` 的文件。

> 注意：ConfigMap 最常见的用法是为同一命名空间里某 Pod 中运行的容器执行配置。您也可以单独使用 ConfigMap。比如，您可能会遇到基于 ConfigMap 来调整其行为的 插件 或者 operator。

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