docker 部署prometheus + grafana

逃离我推掉我的手 2023-02-27 12:28 123阅读 0赞

通过docker部署prometheus、node-exporter、alertmanager和grafana。prometheus最新版本：2.19.2

--------------------

*  主机说明：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>系统</th> 
   <th>ip</th> 
   <th>角色</th> 
   <th>cpu</th> 
   <th>内存</th> 
   <th>hostname</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CentOS 7.8</td> 
   <td>192.168.30.135</td> 
   <td>prometheus、node1</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2G</td> 
   <td>prometheus</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CentOS 7.8</td> 
   <td>192.168.30.136</td> 
   <td>altermanager、node2</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2G</td> 
   <td>altermanager</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CentOS 7.8</td> 
   <td>192.168.30.137</td> 
   <td>grafana、node3</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2</td> 
   <td>&gt;=2G</td> 
   <td>grafana</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  全部关闭防火墙和selinux：

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
    
    sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config  && setenforce 0

*  安装docker：

curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo
    
    yum makecache fast
    
    yum install -y docker-ce
    
    systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

--------------------

*  node-exporter：

docker pull prom/node-exporter:latest
    
    docker run -d -p 9100:9100 --name node-exporter prom/node-exporter:latest
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    95252704e558        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporter
    
    netstat -lntp |grep docker
    
    tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      9076/docker-proxy

*  alertmanager：

mkdir /home/prom && cd /home/prom
    
    docker pull prom/alertmanager:latest
    
    docker pull timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk               #钉钉告警
    
    vim config.yml

targets:
      webhook:
        url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx             #修改为钉钉机器人的webhook
        mention:
          all: true

vim alertmanager.yml

global:
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:465'             #邮箱smtp服务器代理，启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
      smtp_from: 'alert@163.com'              #发送邮箱名称
      smtp_auth_username: 'alert@163.com'              #邮箱名称
      smtp_auth_password: 'password'                #邮箱密码或授权码
      smtp_require_tls: false
    
    route:
      receiver: 'default'
      group_wait: 10s
      group_interval: 1m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      group_by: ['alertname']
    
    inhibit_rules:
    - source_match:
        severity: 'critical'
      target_match:
        severity: 'warning'
      equal: ['alertname', 'instance']
      
    receivers:
    - name: 'default'
      email_configs:
      - to: 'receiver@163.com'
        send_resolved: true
      webhook_configs:
      - url: 'http://192.168.30.136:8060/dingtalk/webhook/send'
        send_resolved: true

docker run -d -p 8060:8060 -v /home/prom/config.yml:/etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml --name alertdingtalk timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
    
    docker run -d -p 9093:9093 -p 9094:9094 -v /home/prom/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --name alertmanager prom/alertmanager:latest
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
    bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
    1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   21 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk
    cf90ea931188        prom/node-exporter:latest               "/bin/node_exporter"     23 minutes ago      Up 23 minutes       0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp             node-exporter
    
    netstat -lntp |grep docker
    
    tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      14970/docker-proxy  
    tcp6       0      0 :::8060                 :::*                    LISTEN      17666/docker-proxy  
    tcp6       0      0 :::9093                 :::*                    LISTEN      17808/docker-proxy  
    tcp6       0      0 :::9094                 :::*                    LISTEN      17794/docker-proxy

*  prometheus：

mkdir -p /home/prom/data && chmod 777 /home/prom/data && cd /home/prom
    
    docker pull prom/prometheus:latest
    
    vim alert-rules.yml

groups:
      - name: node-alert
        rules:
        - alert: NodeDown
          expr: up{ job="node"} == 0
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: critical
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} down"
            description: "Instance: { {  $labels.instance }} 已经宕机 5分钟"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            
        - alert: NodeCpuHigh
          expr: (1 - avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node",mode="idle"}[5m]))) * 100 > 80
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} cpu使用率过高"
            description: "CPU 使用率超过 80%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeCpuIowaitHigh
          expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node",mode="iowait"}[5m])) * 100 > 50
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率过高"
            description: "CPU iowait 使用率超过 50%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeLoad5High
          expr: node_load5 > (count by (instance) (node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node",mode='system'})) * 1.2
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} load(5m) 过高"
            description: "Load(5m) 过高，超出cpu核数 1.2倍"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeMemoryHigh
          expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{ job="node"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{ job="node"}) * 100 > 90
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} memory 使用率过高"
            description: "Memory 使用率超过 90%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeDiskRootHigh
          expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{ job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{ job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"}) * 100 > 90
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分区) 使用率过高"
            description: "Disk(/ 分区) 使用率超过 90%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeDiskBootHigh
          expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{ job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{ job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"}) * 100 > 80
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分区) 使用率过高"
            description: "Disk(/boot 分区) 使用率超过 80%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeDiskReadHigh
          expr: irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{ job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk 读取字节数 速率过高"
            description: "Disk 读取字节数 速率超过 20 MB/s"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeDiskWriteHigh
          expr: irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{ job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk 写入字节数 速率过高"
            description: "Disk 写入字节数 速率超过 20 MB/s"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            
        - alert: NodeDiskReadRateCountHigh
          expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{ job="node"}[5m]) > 3000
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒读取速率过高"
            description: "Disk iops 每秒读取速率超过 3000 iops"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeDiskWriteRateCountHigh
          expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{ job="node"}[5m]) > 3000
          for: 5m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒写入速率过高"
            description: "Disk iops 每秒写入速率超过 3000 iops"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeInodeRootUsedPercentHigh
          expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{ job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_files{ job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"}) * 100 > 80
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分区) inode 使用率过高"
            description: "Disk (/ 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeInodeBootUsedPercentHigh
          expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{ job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"} / node_filesystem_files{ job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"}) * 100 > 80
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分区) inode 使用率过高"
            description: "Disk (/boot 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            
        - alert: NodeFilefdAllocatedPercentHigh
          expr: node_filefd_allocated{ job="node"} / node_filefd_maximum{ job="node"} * 100 > 80
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} filefd 打开百分比过高"
            description: "Filefd 打开百分比 超过 80%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeNetworkNetinBitRateHigh
          expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} network 接收比特数 速率过高"
            description: "Network 接收比特数 速率超过 20MB/s"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutBitRateHigh
          expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} network 发送比特数 速率过高"
            description: "Network 发送比特数 速率超过 20MB/s"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            
        - alert: NodeNetworkNetinPacketErrorRateHigh
          expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} 接收错误包 速率过高"
            description: "Network 接收错误包 速率超过 15个/秒"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutPacketErrorRateHigh
          expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} 发送错误包 速率过高"
            description: "Network 发送错误包 速率超过 15个/秒"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeProcessBlockedHigh
          expr: node_procs_blocked{ job="node"} > 10
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: warning
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} 当前被阻塞的任务的数量过多"
            description: "Process 当前被阻塞的任务的数量超过 10个"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
        - alert: NodeTimeOffsetHigh
          expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{ job="node"}) > 3 * 60
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { {  $labels.instance }} 时间偏差过大"
            description: "Time 节点的时间偏差超过 3m"
            value: "{ { $value }}"

vim prometheus.yml

global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - 192.168.30.136:9093
    
    rule_files:
      - "*rules.yml"
      
    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.30.135:9090']
    
      - job_name: 'node'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.30.135:9100','192.168.30.136:9100','192.168.30.137:9100']
    
      - job_name: 'alertmanager'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.30.136:9093']

docker run -d -p 9090:9090 \
      -v /home/prom/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
      -v /home/prom/alert-rules.yml:/etc/prometheus/alert-rules.yml \
      -v /home/prom/data:/prometheus --name prometheus prom/prometheus:latest
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    0a15519b970c        prom/prometheus:latest      "/bin/prometheus --c…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp   prometheus
    95252704e558        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"     16 hours ago        Up 16 hours         0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporter
    
    netstat -lntp |grep docker
    
    tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      9701/docker-proxy   
    tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      9076/docker-proxy

访问`ip:9090`，

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

容器部署完成，且规则配置完毕。接下来部署grafana，图形化展示。

*  grafana：

mkdir -p /home/prom/grafana && chmod 777 /home/prom/grafana
    
    docker pull grafana/grafana:latest
    
    docker run -d -p 3000:3000 -v /home/prom/grafana:/var/lib/grafana --name=grafana grafana/grafana:latest
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    17d5c5d415b5        grafana/grafana:latest      "/run.sh"              4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   grafana
    bd53df9eb9fa        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"   16 hours ago        Up 16 hours         0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporter
    
    netstat -lntp |grep docker
    
    tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      6558/docker-proxy   
    tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      13123/docker-proxy

grafana容器配置文件：`/etc/grafana/grafana.ini`。

访问`ip:3000`，初始账号密码为`admin/admin`，会要求更改密码。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

选择数据源`Prometheus`——`http://ip:9090`，导入模板`8919`，

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

*  测试告警：

选择alertmanager节点（192.168.30.136），关闭node-exporter容器。

docker stop node-exporter
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
    bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes       0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
    1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

收到钉钉和邮件故障告警，

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

docker start node-exporter
    
    docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
    bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   47 minutes ago      Up 47 minutes       0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
    1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   47 minutes ago      Up 47 minutes       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk
    cf90ea931188        prom/node-exporter:latest               "/bin/node_exporter"     About an hour ago   Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp             node-exporter

收到钉钉和邮件恢复告警，

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

测试宕机完成，告警没有问题。

docker部署 prometheus + grafana 完成，整个部署过程相比传统部署方式要简便很多。

--------------------

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pc3MxMTgxMjQ4OTgz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230209/14fa11be666e425790e715483f8524f3.png
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