[Leedcode][JAVA][第209题][长度最小的子数组][滑动窗口][前缀和][二分查找][双指针]

偏执的太偏执、 2023-02-21 01:51 126阅读 0赞

#### 【问题描述】\[中等\] ####

给定一个含有 n 个正整数的数组和一个正整数 s ，找出该数组中满足其和 ≥ s 的长度最小的连续子数组，并返回其长度。如果不存在符合条件的连续子数组，返回 0。
    
    示例: 
    
    输入: s = 7, nums = [2,3,1,2,4,3]
    输出: 2
    解释: 子数组 [4,3] 是该条件下的长度最小的连续子数组。

#### 【解答思路】 ####

###### 1. 暴力法 ######

*  初始化子数组的最小长度为无穷大
 *  枚举数组nums 中的每个下标作为子数组的开始下标，对于每个开始下标 i，需要找到大于或等于 i 的最小下标 j，使得从 nums\[i\] 到nums\[j\] 的元素和大于或等于 s，并更新子数组的最小长度（此时子数组的长度是 j-i+1）。

**时间复杂度：O(N^2) 空间复杂度：O(1)**  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200628101138530.png]

class Solution { 
        public int minSubArrayLen(int s, int[] nums) { 
            int n = nums.length;
            if (n == 0) { 
                return 0;
            }
            int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
                int sum = 0;
                for (int j = i; j < n; j++) { 
                    sum += nums[j];
                    if (sum >= s) { 
                        ans = Math.min(ans, j - i + 1);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : ans;
        }
    }

###### 2. 前缀和 ######

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
**时间复杂度：O(N^2) 空间复杂度：O(N)**

###### 3. 前缀和+二分 ######

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
**时间复杂度：O(NlogN) 空间复杂度：O(N)**  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020062810161097.png]

class Solution { 
        public int minSubArrayLen(int s, int[] nums) { 
            int n = nums.length;
            if (n == 0) { 
                return 0;
            }
            int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            int[] sums = new int[n + 1]; 
            // 为了方便计算，令 size = n + 1 
            // sums[0] = 0 意味着前 0 个元素的前缀和为 0
            // sums[1] = A[0] 前 1 个元素的前缀和为 A[0]
            // 以此类推
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { 
                sums[i] = sums[i - 1] + nums[i - 1];
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { 
                int target = s + sums[i - 1];
                int bound = Arrays.binarySearch(sums, target);
                if (bound < 0) { 
                    bound = -bound - 1;
                }
                if (bound <= n) { 
                    ans = Math.min(ans, bound - (i - 1));
                }
            }
            return ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : ans;
        }
    }

**另一写法**  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200628110115360.png]

public int minSubArrayLen(int s, int[] nums) { 
        int n = nums.length;
        if (n == 0) { 
            return 0;
        }
        int[] sums = new int[n];
        sums[0] = nums[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
            sums[i] = nums[i] + sums[i - 1];
        }
        int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            int s2 = s - nums[i];
            //二分查找，目标值是 s2 + sums[i]
            int k = binarySearch(i, n - 1, sums, s2 + sums[i]);
            if (k != -1) { 
                min = Math.min(min, k - i + 1);
            }
    
        }
        return min == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : min;
    }
    
    //寻求刚好大于 target 的 sums 的下标，也就是大于等于 target 所有 sums 中最小的那个
    private int binarySearch(int start, int end, int[] sums, int target) { 
        int mid = -1;
        while (start <= end) { 
            mid = (start + end) >>> 1;
            if (sums[mid] == target) { 
                return mid;
            } else if (sums[mid] < target) { 
                start = mid + 1;
            } else { 
                end = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        //是否找到，没有找到返回 -1
        return sums[mid] > target ? mid : -1;
    }
    
    /* private int binarySearch(int start, int end, int[] sums, int target) { int mid = -1; while (start < end) { mid = (start + end) >>> 1; if (sums[mid] < target) { start = mid + 1; } else { end = mid ; } } //是否找到，没有找到返回 -1 return sums[start] >= target ?start : -1; } */

###### 4. 双指针 ######

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200628104727734.png]  
**时间复杂度：O(N) 空间复杂度：O(1)**  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200628104641741.png]

class Solution { 
        public int minSubArrayLen(int s, int[] nums) { 
            int n = nums.length;
            if (n == 0) { 
                return 0;
            }
            int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            int start = 0, end = 0;
            int sum = 0;
            while (end < n) { 
                sum += nums[end];
                while (sum >= s) { 
                    ans = Math.min(ans, end - start + 1);
                    sum -= nums[start];
                    start++;
                }
                end++;
            }
            return ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : ans;
        }
    }

#### 【总结】 ####

###### 1.涉及连续子数组的问题，我们通常有两种思路：一是滑动窗口、二是前缀和 ######

###### 2.二分查找的关键就是那个递增的有序数列，从而可以每次抛弃一半的可选解。 ######

###### 3.Arrays类的binarySearch()方法 ######

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

转载链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-size-subarray-sum/solution/chang-du-zui-xiao-de-zi-shu-zu-by-leetcode-solutio/  
参考链接https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-size-subarray-sum/solution/xiang-xi-tong-su-de-si-lu-fen-xi-duo-jie-fa-by-43/  
参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cxhply/article/details/49423501

[20200628101138530.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628101138530.png
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[2020062810161097.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020062810161097.png
[20200628110115360.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628110115360.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628104734469.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628104720849.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhZG9uZ3d1ZGk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200628104727734.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628104727734.png
[20200628104641741.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628104641741.png
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