Python 爬取必应（壁纸+搜索词）

青旅半醒 2023-02-19 12:29 145阅读 0赞

### 爬取必应壁纸 ###

经常使用必应应该可以发现，其主页每天都会更新一张图片，这些图片很好看，希望每天能够下载收藏每张图片。具体请看这个网站：必应每日高清壁纸([https://bing.ioliu.cn/][https_bing.ioliu.cn])

效果如下：

![效果][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4Njg5Mzk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

代码如下：

import requests
    import re
    import os
    
    headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36'}
    
    
    def get_page(num):
        page_list = []
        for i in range(1, num+1):
            url = f'https://bing.ioliu.cn/?p={ i}'
            page_list.append(url)
        return page_list
    
    
    def get_html(url):
        r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        html = r.text
        return html
    
    
    def parse_html(html):
        pattern1 = re.compile(r'data-progressive.*?src="(.*?)"')
        pattern2 = re.compile(r'<h3>(.*?)</h3>')
        img_list = re.findall(pattern1, html)
        title_list = re.findall(pattern2, html)
        return img_list, title_list
    
    
    def download(path, img_list, title_list):
        for i in range(len(img_list)):
            img_url = img_list[i]
            title = title_list[i]
            img_url = img_url.replace('640', '1920').replace('480', '1080')
            pattern3 = re.compile(r'[()-/_]')
            title = re.sub(pattern3, '', title)
            print(f'正在爬取: { img_url}')
            img_floder = 'D:/图片/'+keyword
            if not os.path.exists(img_floder):
                os.makedirs(img_floder)
            with open(f'{ img_floder}/{ title}.jpg', 'wb') as f:
                img_content = requests.get(img_url).content
                f.write(img_content)
            # 将爬取失败的删除
    		if os.path.getsize(img_path) < 50:
                os.remove(img_path)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        num = 20
        keyword = '必应壁纸'
        path = 'D:/图片/'
        page_list = get_page(num)
        for page in page_list:
            html = get_html(page)
            img_list, title_list = parse_html(html)
            download(path, img_list, title_list)

### 根据搜索词爬取必应图片 ###

这里需要注意： `requests.get(url, headers=headers).text` 会有很多 html 转义编码的字符，比如：引号变为`&quot`，会影响使用正则

**解决方法：**

1.  正则中加入`&quot`
2.  使用 `etree.HTML` 重新加载一下，再用 `xpath` 定位到此处

**出现问题：**

1.  请求超时
    
    设置请求超时时间，防止长时间停留在同一个请求
    
    `socket.setdefaulttimeout(10)`
    
        requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='www.iutour.cn', port=80): 
                
        Max retries exceeded with url: /uploadfile/bjzb/20141126124539763.jpg 
        (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000001A46192EC50>: 
                                      
        Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',))
2.  需要验证证书
    
    `requests.get(img_url, verify=False)`
    
        requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='bbp.jp', port=443):
        
        Max retries exceeded with url: /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2-20.jpg 
        (Caused by SSLError(SSLError("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')],)",),))

直接使用 `try:catch`

import requests
    import re
    import os
    from lxml import etree
    
    headers = { 
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36'}
    
    
    def get_page(num):
        img_list = []
        for i in range((num // 35) + 1):
            url = f'https://cn.bing.com/images/async?q={ keyword}&first={ i*35}&count=35&relp=35&scenario=ImageBasicHover&datsrc=I&layout=RowBased_Landscape&mmasync=1'
            r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            html = r.text
            html = etree.HTML(html)
            conda_list = html.xpath('//a[@class="iusc"]/@m')
            for j in conda_list:
                pattern = re.compile(r'"murl":"(.*?)"')
                img_url = re.findall(pattern, j)[0]
                img_list.append(img_url)
        return img_list
    
    
    def download(path, img_list):
        for i in range(len(img_list)):
            img_url = img_list[i]
            print(f'正在爬取: { img_url}')
            img_floder = 'D:/图片/'+keyword
            if not os.path.exists(img_floder):
                os.makedirs(img_floder)
            try:
                with open(f'{ img_floder}/{ i}.jpg', 'wb') as f:
                    img_content = requests.get(img_url).content
                    f.write(img_content)
            except:
                continue
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        num = 100
        keyword = '食品街'
        path = 'D:/图片/'
        img_list = get_page(num)
        download(path, img_list)

[https_bing.ioliu.cn]: https://bing.ioliu.cn/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4Njg5Mzk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200628162535832.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4Njg5Mzk1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70