Windows下Graphviz安装和入门教程

妖狐艹你老母 2023-02-19 07:27 214阅读 0赞

*  [下载安装配置环境变量][Link 1]
    
     *  [intall][]
     *  [配置环境变量][Link 2]
     *  [验证][Link 3]
 *  [基本绘图入门][Link 4]
    
     *  [graph][]
     *  [digraph][]
     *  [一个复杂的例子][Link 5]
 *  [和python交互][python]

发现好的工具，如同发现新大陆。有时，我们会好奇，论文中、各种专业的书中那么形象的插图是如何做出来的，无一例外不是对绘图工具的熟练使用。

# 下载安装、配置环境变量 #

## intall ##

windows版本下载地址：[http://www.graphviz.org/Download\_windows.php][http_www.graphviz.org_Download_windows.php]

![这里写图片描述][20151028183018558]

双击`msi`文件，然后一直next（记住安装路径，后面配置环境变量会用到路径信息），安装完成之后，会在windows开始菜单创建快捷信息，默认快捷方式不放在桌面。

![这里写图片描述][20151028183046978]

## 配置环境变量 ##

将graphviz安装目录下的bin文件夹添加到Path环境变量中：

![这里写图片描述][20151028183110326]

![这里写图片描述][20151028183124263]

## 验证 ##

进入windows命令行界面，输入`dot -version`，然后按回车，如果显示graphviz的相关版本信息，则安装配置成功。

![这里写图片描述][20151028183435194]

# 基本绘图入门 #

打开windows下的graphviz编辑器gvedit，编写如下的dot脚本语言，保存成gv格式文本文件。然后进入命令行界面，使用dot命令，将gv文件转化为png图形文件。

dot D:\test\1.gv -Tpng -o image.png

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## graph ##

graph使用`--`描述关系

graph pic1 { 
      a -- b
      a -- b
      b -- a [color=blue]
    }

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![这里写图片描述][20151028183157279]

## digraph ##

使用`->`描述关系

digraph pic2 { 
      a -> b
      a -> b
      b -> a [style=filled color=blue]
    }

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![这里写图片描述][20151028183222647]

## 一个复杂的例子 ##

digraph startgame {
        label="游戏资源更新流程"
        rankdir="TB"
        start[label="启动游戏" shape=circle style=filled]
        ifwifi[label="网络环境判断是否 WIFI" shape=diamond]
        needupdate[label="是否有资源需要更新" shape=diamond]
        startslientdl[label="静默下载" shape=box]
        enterhall[label="进入游戏大厅" shape=box]
    
        enterroom[label="进入房间" shape=box]
        resourceuptodate[label="资源不完整" shape=diamond]
        startplay[label="正常游戏" shape=circle fillcolor=blue]
        warning[label="提醒玩家是否更新" shape=diamond]
        startdl[label="进入下载界面" shape=box]
        //{rank=same; needupdate, enterhall}
    
        {shape=diamond; ifwifi, needupdate}
    
        start -> ifwifi
        ifwifi->needupdate[label="是"]
        ifwifi->enterhall[label="否"]
        needupdate->startslientdl[label="是"]
        startslientdl->enterhall
        needupdate->enterhall[label="否"]
    
        enterhall -> enterroom
        enterroom -> resourceuptodate
        resourceuptodate -> warning[label="是"]
        resourceuptodate -> startplay[label="否"]
        warning -> startdl[label="确认下载"]
        warning -> enterhall[label="取消下载"]
        startdl -> enterhall[label="取消下载"]
        startdl -> startplay[label="下载完成"]
    }

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![这里写图片描述][20151028183246406]

# 和python交互 #

graphviz强大而便捷的关系图/流程图绘制方法，很容易让我们联想到机器学习中的`Decision Tree`的展示方式。幸运的是，scikit-learn提供了生成`.dot`文件的接口，具体操作如下：

在*python*编辑环境下：

from sklearn.tree import export_graphviz    # 导入的是一个函数
    # tree表示已经训练好的模型，即已经调用过DecisionTreeClassifier实例的fit(X_train, y_train)方法
    export_graphviz(tree, out_file='tree.dot', 
            feature_names=['petal length', 'petal width'])

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进入windows命令行界面，cd 切换到`tree.dot`所在的路径，执行

dot -Tpng tree.dot -o tree.png

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![这里写图片描述][20151028183307613]

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F
[intall]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#intall
[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F
[Link 3]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81
[Link 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%BB%98%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8
[graph]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#graph
[digraph]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#digraph
[Link 5]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90
[python]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanghuan0827/article/details/106802049/#%E5%92%8Cpython%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92
[http_www.graphviz.org_Download_windows.php]: http://www.graphviz.org/Download_windows.php
[20151028183018558]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183018558
[20151028183046978]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183046978
[20151028183110326]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183110326
[20151028183124263]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183124263
[20151028183435194]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183435194
[20151028183157279]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183157279
[20151028183222647]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183222647
[20151028183246406]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183246406
[20151028183307613]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20151028183307613