Linux系统之下的基本gdb调试

Dear 丶 2023-02-17 15:00 18阅读 0赞

# 一、**调试的工具**： #

gdb

# 二、**调试的对象**： #

可执行程序，而不是.c文件，调试的对象一定是一个进程。调试时，程序必须带有调试信息，所以在编译链接的过程中，需要加上参数“-g”。

# 三、**调试的命令**： #

**l** 显示代码  
**回车** 继续执行上一操作  
**b + 行号** 加断点  
**info + b(break)** 查看断点信息  
**r** 运行程序  
**n** 下一步，单步执行  
**p + 变量名** 打印变量的值(p + &变量名 打印变量的地址)  
**q** 退出调试  
**display + 变量名** 持续打印  
**c** 继续执行  
**delete + 断点编号** 删除断点  
**s** 进入函数  
**finish** 跳出函数  
**bt** 函数调用栈关系(在被调用函数里看能看见自己和调用函数，在调用函数里只能看见自己)

# 四、实例 #

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## 1.先编写一个简单的c语言程序——main.c。 ##

内容见下：

像下面的“gcc -o main main.c”,是无法生成有调试信息的main的，因此无法进行调试。

![SouthEast 1][]  
加上参数“-g”，才可以进行调试。

## ![SouthEast 2][]   2.正式开始调试： ##

**打印全部的代码**

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**下断点、查看断点信息**

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**运行程序**

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**下一步，查看变量i、arr\[i\]的值**

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**持续显示变量i、arr\[i\]的值**

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**继续执行**

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**删除断点**

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注意删除断点的信息是断点的编号，我先把开始设的断点1号、2号删除了，再新增了两个断点——3号和4号，所以这时候再删除1号断点是不能成功的。

**对于后续的调试操作——进入函数、跳出函数和查看函数调用栈关系，我增加了add.c和max.c，再进行新的调试，所有的文件如下：**

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add.h

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max.h

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add.c

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max.c

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main.c

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首先，将这些程序进行编译、链接，有两种在程序中加入调试信息的方法。

**方法一**：在add.c、max.c的编译过程中加入调试信息

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**方法二**：在三个程序的编译链接过程中加入调试信息

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开始调试：

**在调用add()、max()处下断点**

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**进入add()，并且查看函数调用栈关系**

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**退出add()，查看函数调用栈关系**

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对比上面两张图，可以看到在main里看bt和在add中看bt的差别。同理，在max中能够看到max和main的调用信息，如果max中又调用了另一个函数，则在这个函数中查看bt的话，就能看到三个函数了。

以上，就是比较简单的gdb调试过程，如果想要了解更多关于gdb调试的知识，可以去看看《gdb完全用户手册》，谢谢您的观看。  
  
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_39755395/article/details/78305934

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