【Elasticsearch实践】（五）ES搜索

痛定思痛。 2023-02-17 14:58 11阅读 0赞

# 一、Restful 风格说明 #

一种软件架构风格，而不是标准，只是提供了一组设计原则和约束条件。它主要用于客户端和服务器交互类的软件。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁，更有层次，更易于实现缓存等机制。 基本Rest命令说明:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>method</th> 
   <th>url地址</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>PUT</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id</td> 
   <td>创建文档(指定id)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>POST</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称</td> 
   <td>创建文档(随机id)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>POST</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id/_update</td> 
   <td>修改文档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DELETE</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id</td> 
   <td>删除文档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>GET</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id</td> 
   <td>通过文档id查询文档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>POST</td> 
   <td>localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/_search</td> 
   <td>查询索引、类型下的所有文档</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 二、基础操作 #

## 2.1、指定字段类型创建index ##

### 2.1.1、字段类型 ###

*  字符串类型
    
     *  text
     *  keyword
 *  数值类型
    
     *  long
     *  integer
     *  short
     *  byte
     *  double
     *  float
     *  half\_float
     *  scaled\_float
 *  日期类型
    
     *  date
 *  布尔值类型
    
     *  boolean
 *  二进制类型
    
     *  binary

### 2.1.2、指定字段类型创建索引 ###

语法：

PUT /索引名称
    { 
    	"mappings":{ 
    		"properties"{ 
    			"fieldName":{ 
    				"type": ""
    			}
    		}
    	}
    }

示例：

PUT /tindex
    { 
      "mappings": { 
        "properties": { 
          "name":{ 
            "type": "text"
          },
          "age":{ 
            "type": "integer"
          },
          "sex":{ 
            "type": "text"
          },
          "tags":{ 
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
查看index具体信息：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
注意：

*  es7.x版本，一个index仅仅支持一个type (ex8.x版本以后会废除type的概念)，因此通过上述方式创建的index，会有一个默认的type: \_doc

通过上述方式创建的index，在 PUT 数据时，需要指定type为_doc，否则会报错：
    
    {
      "error" : {
        "root_cause" : [
          {
            "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason" : "Rejecting mapping update to [tindex] as the final mapping would have more than 1 type: [_doc, user]"
          }
        ],
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Rejecting mapping update to [tindex] as the final mapping would have more than 1 type: [_doc, user]"
      },
      "status" : 400
    }

*  如果未指定类型，es会配置默认字段类型

## 2.2、添加数据 ##

# 添加数据
    PUT /tindex/_doc/1
    { 
      "name": "wells",
      "age": 18,
      "sex": "man",
      "tags": [
        "技术宅",
        "足球",
        "直男"
      ]
    }
    
    
    PUT /tindex/_doc/2
    { 
      "name": "wells学es",
      "age": 20,
      "sex": "man",
      "tags": [
        "宅男",
        "乒乓boy",
        "唱歌"
      ]
    }
    
    PUT /tindex/_doc/3
    { 
      "name": "jerry",
      "age": 40,
      "sex": "woman",
      "tags": [
        "女强人",
        "唱歌",
        "看书"
      ]
    }
    
    PUT /tindex/_doc/4
    { 
      "name": "tom",
      "age": 2,
      "sex": "man",
      "tags": [
        "sqlboy",
        "篮球",
        "吃货"
      ]
    }

通过 elasticsearch-head 查看当前index结果：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 2.3、获取数据 ##

# 获取数据
    GET /tindex/_doc/1

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## 2.4、更新数据 ##

推荐使用POST \_update方式，原因是：PUT如果不传递值会被覆盖

### 2.4.1、PUT ###

# PUT更新数据
    PUT /tindex/_doc/1
    { 
      "name": "wells_rename"
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

### 2.4.2、POST ###

# POST 更新数据
    POST /tindex/_doc/1/_update
    { 
      "doc": { 
        "age": 17
      }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

## 2.5、简单条件查询 ##

GET /tindex/_doc/_search?q=name:wells

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

# 参考 #

[ES基本操作一][ES] ：如何创建、修改、删除索引；批量创建索引；打开、关闭索引；冻结、解冻索引

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614211019510.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614211140677.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614214508336.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020061421303429.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020061421351163.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614213920519.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614214552854.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjgzNzc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[ES]: https://blog.csdn.net/UbuntuTouch/article/details/99481016