Kubernetes：基于WSL2和Kind或Minikube：搭建Windows版Kubernetes

墨蓝 2023-02-17 02:34 203阅读 0赞

> **原文发表于[kubernetes中文社区][kubernetes]，为作者原创翻译 ，原文地址**
> 
> **更多kubernetes文章，请多关注[kubernetes中文社区][kubernetes]**

**目录**

为什么要在Windows上使用Kubernetes？

前提条件

WSL2：与Ubuntu结合

\[可选\] 更新 sudoers

更新Ubuntu

Docker Desktop

设置Docker Desktop：启用WSL2集成

Kind：创建kubernetes集群

Kind：单节点集群

Kind：多节点集群

Kind：创建仪表板

Minikube：创建kubernetes集群

Minikube：更新主机

Minikube：启用Systemd

Minikube：单节点kubernetes集群

Minikube：Kubernetes的仪表板

总结

--------------------

# 为什么要在Windows上使用Kubernetes？ #

在过去的几年中，Kubernetes成为事实上的云原生平台，用于在分布式环境中运行容器化服务和应用程序。尽管可以在在云环境（公有云，私有云或混合云）或裸机环境中部署Kubernetes，但有时仍然需要在本地部署和运行Kubernetes。

**Kubernetes最初被设计为在Linux环境中部署和使用。但是，大量用户是使用Windows OS作为其日常驱动程序。因此，当微软发布WSL- [Linux的Windows子系统时][Linux_Windows]，Windows和Linux环境之间的界线变得不那么明显。**

此外，WSL可以满足在Windows上运行Kubernetes的功能！

> WSL 不是跑在一个虚拟机里的 Linux。WSL 环境里安装和运行的都是标准的 Linux 程序。当我们运行一个 Linux 程序的时候，这个进程会调用一些 Linux 系统功能调用。WSL 真的提供了这些功能，只是它们被映射为 Windows 操作系统提供的系统功能调用了。所以，WSL 是在 Windows 操作系统内核之外包了一层，使其看上去长得像 Linux 操作系统内核，从而“蒙蔽”了 Linux 应用程序。

下面，我们将简要介绍如何通过结合WSL，安装和使用Kind或Minikube在本地运行Kubernetes集群。

# 前提条件 #

*  操作系统：Windows 10 version 2004，Build 19041
    
     *  Microsoft更新助手可以帮助你更新到 Windows 10 的最新版本
     *  如何查看windows操作系统型号

> 1.   win+x按键，选择系统
> 2.  查看windows规格信息
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

*  [启用WSL2][WSL2]
    
     *  一旦安装了WSL2，请在Powershell中运行命令wsl.exe --set-default-version 2，将WSL2设置为默认。
     *  如果提示"WSL 2 需要更新其内核组件。有关信息，请访问 [https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel][https_aka.ms_wsl2kernel]" ，那你就需要 [更新 WSL 2 Linux 内核][WSL 2 Linux]
     *  更新内核，再次在Powershell中运行命令wsl.exe --set-default-version 2，控制台输出“有关与 WSL 2 的主要区别的信息，请访问 [https://aka.ms/wsl2][https_aka.ms_wsl2]”，说明已经将WSL2设置为默认。
 *  打开[Windows应用商店][Windows]，下载安装Ubuntu-18.04
 *  安装[适用于Windows的Docker Desktop][Windows_Docker Desktop]
    
     *  对于Windows的Docker Desktop，现在无需进行任何配置，因为我们将在下文对其进行说明。

# WSL2：与Ubuntu结合 #

安装完所有组件后，我们单击“ Ubuntu”，它将在运行Ubuntu bash shell的情况下，启动默认的Windows控制台。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

像任何普通的Linux一样，你需要创建一个用户并设置一个密码：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

## \[可选\] 更新 sudoers ##

通常，当我们在本地计算机上工作时，最好更新sudoers并将组设置%sudo为无密码：

# Edit the sudoers with the visudo command
    sudo visudo
    
    # Change the %sudo group to be password-less
    %sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
    
    # Press CTRL+X to exit
    # Press Y to save
    # Press Enter to confirm

![20200611082537955.png][]

## 更新Ubuntu ##

在设置之前Docker Desktop，我们先要更新系统：

# Update the repositories and list of the packages available
    sudo apt update
    # Update the system based on the packages installed > the "-y" will approve the change automatically
    sudo apt upgrade -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

# Docker Desktop #

这时候，我们如果输入以下命令：

# Try to see if the docker cli and daemon are installed
    docker version
    # Same for kubectl
    kubectl version

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

它会出错，如何解决呢？

## 设置Docker Desktop：启用WSL2集成 ##

解决上面的问题，就需要[启动适用于Windows的Docker Desktop][Windows_Docker Desktop 1]。

打开Windows开始菜单，然后键入“ docker”，单击名称以启动应用程序：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

选择设置，将会出现一个新窗口：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

默认情况下，WSL2集成处于未启用状态，因此请单击“ Enable the experimental WSL 2 based engine ”，然后单击“ Apply & Restart ”：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

“ Enable the experimental WSL 2 based engine ”功能的作用是在WSL2中创建两个新发行版，其中包含并运行所有必需的后端套接字，守护程序以及CLI工具（docker和kubectl命令）。

尽管如此，这时我们还不能运行docker和kubectl命令。

为了最终能够使用命令，我们还需要告诉Docker Desktop将其自身“ attach ”到我们的Ubuntu 上：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

然后，我们回到WSL2终端，看看是否可以（最终）启动命令：

# Try to see if the docker cli and daemon are installed
    docker version
    # Same for kubectl
    kubectl version

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

> 提示：如果没有输出以上内容，请重新启动Docker Desktop，并在Powershell中重新启动WSL进程：Restart-Service LxssManager，然后重新启动Ubuntu。

现在完成了基本设置，接下来我们进行Kind的安装。

# Kind：创建kubernetes集群 #

现在，我们已经安装配置了Docker，并且测试也正常。

但是，使用kubectl命令，它提示找不到服务器。

这是正常现象，因为我们没有启用Docker Kubernetes集群。因此，让我们[安装Kind并创建我们的第一个集群][Kind]。

# Download the latest version of Kind
    curl -Lo ./kind https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.7.0/kind-$(uname)-amd64
    # Make the binary executable
    chmod +x ./kind
    # Move the binary to your executable path
    sudo mv ./kind /usr/local/bin/

![20200611083216157.png][]

## Kind：单节点集群 ##

我们准备创建第一个集群：

# Check if the KUBECONFIG is not set
    echo $KUBECONFIG
    # Check if the .kube directory is created > if not, no need to create it
    ls $HOME/.kube
    # Create the cluster and give it a name (optional)
    kind create cluster --name wslkind
    # Check if the .kube has been created and populated with files
    ls $HOME/.kube

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

> 提示：所有图标都显示，表示集群已成功创建

由于我们使用的是Docker Desktop，因此本地网络也是可以被使用。

因此，我们可以在Windows浏览器中打开Kubernetes master的URL：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

这就是WSL2集成Docker Desktop for Windows的真正优势。

## Kind：多节点集群 ##

我们的第一个集群已创建，它是一个单节点集群：

# Check how many nodes it created
    kubectl get nodes
    # Check the services for the whole cluster
    kubectl get all --all-namespaces

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

下面，我们来尝试创建一个多节点集群：

# Delete the existing cluster
    kind delete cluster --name wslkind
    # Create a config file for a 3 nodes cluster
    cat << EOF > kind-3nodes.yaml
    kind: Cluster
    apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
    nodes:
      - role: control-plane
      - role: worker
      - role: worker
    EOF
    # Create a new cluster with the config file
    kind create cluster --name wslkindmultinodes --config ./kind-3nodes.yaml
    # Check how many nodes it created
    kubectl get nodes

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

通过以上操作，我们创建了一个三节点集群，如果再看一次服务，我们将看到具有三个副本的集群：

# Check the services for the whole cluster
    kubectl get all --all-namespaces

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

## Kind：创建仪表板 ##

使用命令行工作是一件好事。但是，在处理Kubernetes时，我们有时可能希望有一个直观的概览。

为此，我们需要创建一个[Kubernetes Dashboard][]项目：

# Install the Dashboard application into our cluster
    kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-rc6/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
    # Check the resources it created based on the new namespace created
    kubectl get all -n kubernetes-dashboard

其中[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-rc6/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml][https_raw.githubusercontent.com_kubernetes_dashboard_v2.0.0-rc6_aio_deploy_recommended.yaml] 需要翻墙才能获得，译者给出了文件内容

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
    #
    # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    # You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      ports:
        - port: 443
          targetPort: 8443
      selector:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    data:
      csrf: ""
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    
    ---
    
    kind: ConfigMap
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    kind: Role
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    rules:
      # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["secrets"]
        resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
        verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
        # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["configmaps"]
        resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
        verbs: ["get", "update"]
        # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["services"]
        resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
        verbs: ["proxy"]
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["services/proxy"]
        resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
        verbs: ["get"]
    
    ---
    
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    rules:
      # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
      - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
        resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: RoleBinding
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: Role
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: kubernetes-dashboard
        namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: kubernetes-dashboard
        namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    ---
    
    kind: Deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      revisionHistoryLimit: 10
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard
              image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6
              imagePullPolicy: Always
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8443
                  protocol: TCP
              args:
                - --auto-generate-certificates
                - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
                # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
                # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
                # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
                # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
              volumeMounts:
                - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
                  mountPath: /certs
                  # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
                - mountPath: /tmp
                  name: tmp-volume
              livenessProbe:
                httpGet:
                  scheme: HTTPS
                  path: /
                  port: 8443
                initialDelaySeconds: 30
                timeoutSeconds: 30
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
                readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
                runAsUser: 1001
                runAsGroup: 2001
          volumes:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              secret:
                secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
            - name: tmp-volume
              emptyDir: {}
          serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
          nodeSelector:
            "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
          # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
          tolerations:
            - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
              effect: NoSchedule
    
    ---
    
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      ports:
        - port: 8000
          targetPort: 8000
      selector:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    
    ---
    
    kind: Deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      revisionHistoryLimit: 10
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          annotations:
            seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
              image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8000
                  protocol: TCP
              livenessProbe:
                httpGet:
                  scheme: HTTP
                  path: /
                  port: 8000
                initialDelaySeconds: 30
                timeoutSeconds: 30
              volumeMounts:
              - mountPath: /tmp
                name: tmp-volume
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
                readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
                runAsUser: 1001
                runAsGroup: 2001
          serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
          nodeSelector:
            "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
          # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
          tolerations:
            - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
              effect: NoSchedule
          volumes:
            - name: tmp-volume
              emptyDir: {}

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

如果使用ClusterIP创建服务时，在Windows浏览器中键入URL，则无法访问该服务：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

因此，我们需要创建一个临时代理：

# Start a kubectl proxy
    kubectl proxy
    # Enter the URL on your browser: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

我们可以输入一个令牌，也可以输入来自集群的kubeconfig文件。

如果尝试使用kubeconfig登录，则将显示错误“ Internal error (500): Not enough data to create auth info structure ”。这是由于kubeconfig文件中缺少凭据。

因此，为避免出现以上的错误，请使用[推荐的RBAC方法][RBAC]。

让我们打开一个新的WSL2会话：

# Create a new ServiceAccount
    kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    EOF
    # Create a ClusterRoleBinding for the ServiceAccount
    kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: cluster-admin
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    EOF

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

# Get the Token for the ServiceAccount
    kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
    # Copy the token and copy it into the Dashboard login and press "Sign in"

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

成功了！仪表板还列出了我们的节点：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

# Minikube：创建kubernetes集群 #

让我们[安装Minikube并创建我们的第一个集群][Minikube]。

# Download the latest version of Minikube
    curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
    # Make the binary executable
    chmod +x ./minikube
    # Move the binary to your executable path
    sudo mv ./minikube /usr/local/bin/

## ![20200611084900487.png][] ##

## Minikube：更新主机 ##

使用--driver=none，在主机和Docker上运行Minikube。

值得注意的是，运行Kubernetes v 1.18时，我们会收到“conntrack需要被安装”的提示：

# Create a minikube one node cluster
    minikube start --driver=none

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

通过安装缺少的软件包来解决此问题：

# Install the conntrack package
    sudo apt install -y conntrack

再次启动minikube：

# Create a minikube one node cluster
    minikube start --driver=none
    # We got a permissions error > try again with sudo
    sudo minikube start --driver=none

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

但，又报错“System has not been booted with systemd...”，如何解决呢？

## Minikube：启用Systemd ##

为了在WSL2使Systemd，我们将使用由[丹尼尔·卢埃林][Link 1]提供的[脚本][Link 2]。

以下是命令：

# Install the needed packages
    sudo apt install -yqq daemonize dbus-user-session fontconfig

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

# Create the start-systemd-namespace script
    sudo vi /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace
    #!/bin/bash
    
    SYSTEMD_PID=$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')
    if [ -z "$SYSTEMD_PID" ] || [ "$SYSTEMD_PID" != "1" ]; then
        export PRE_NAMESPACE_PATH="$PATH"
        (set -o posix; set) | \
            grep -v "^BASH" | \
            grep -v "^DIRSTACK=" | \
            grep -v "^EUID=" | \
            grep -v "^GROUPS=" | \
            grep -v "^HOME=" | \
            grep -v "^HOSTNAME=" | \
            grep -v "^HOSTTYPE=" | \
            grep -v "^IFS='.*"$'\n'"'" | \
            grep -v "^LANG=" | \
            grep -v "^LOGNAME=" | \
            grep -v "^MACHTYPE=" | \
            grep -v "^NAME=" | \
            grep -v "^OPTERR=" | \
            grep -v "^OPTIND=" | \
            grep -v "^OSTYPE=" | \
            grep -v "^PIPESTATUS=" | \
            grep -v "^POSIXLY_CORRECT=" | \
            grep -v "^PPID=" | \
            grep -v "^PS1=" | \
            grep -v "^PS4=" | \
            grep -v "^SHELL=" | \
            grep -v "^SHELLOPTS=" | \
            grep -v "^SHLVL=" | \
            grep -v "^SYSTEMD_PID=" | \
            grep -v "^UID=" | \
            grep -v "^USER=" | \
            grep -v "^_=" | \
            cat - > "$HOME/.systemd-env"
        echo "PATH='$PATH'" >> "$HOME/.systemd-env"
        exec sudo /usr/sbin/enter-systemd-namespace "$BASH_EXECUTION_STRING"
    fi
    if [ -n "$PRE_NAMESPACE_PATH" ]; then
        export PATH="$PRE_NAMESPACE_PATH"
    fi
    # Create the enter-systemd-namespace
    sudo vi /usr/sbin/enter-systemd-namespace
    #!/bin/bash
    
    if [ "$UID" != 0 ]; then
        echo "You need to run $0 through sudo"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    SYSTEMD_PID="$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')"
    if [ -z "$SYSTEMD_PID" ]; then
        /usr/sbin/daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
        while [ -z "$SYSTEMD_PID" ]; do
            SYSTEMD_PID="$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')"
        done
    fi
    
    if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_PID" ] && [ "$SYSTEMD_PID" != "1" ]; then
        if [ -n "$1" ] && [ "$1" != "bash --login" ] && [ "$1" != "/bin/bash --login" ]; then
            exec /usr/bin/nsenter -t "$SYSTEMD_PID" -a \
                /usr/bin/sudo -H -u "$SUDO_USER" \
                /bin/bash -c 'set -a; source "$HOME/.systemd-env"; set +a; exec bash -c '"$(printf "%q" "$@")"
        else
            exec /usr/bin/nsenter -t "$SYSTEMD_PID" -a \
                /bin/login -p -f "$SUDO_USER" \
                $(/bin/cat "$HOME/.systemd-env" | grep -v "^PATH=")
        fi
        echo "Existential crisis"
    fi
    # Edit the permissions of the enter-systemd-namespace script
    sudo chmod +x /usr/sbin/enter-systemd-namespace
    # Edit the bash.bashrc file
    sudo sed -i 2a"# Start or enter a PID namespace in WSL2\nsource /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace\n" /etc/bash.bashrc

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

最后，退出并启动新minikube的会话。不需要停止WSL2，一个新的会话就足够了：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

## Minikube：单节点kubernetes集群 ##

我们准备创建第一个集群：

# Check if the KUBECONFIG is not set
    echo $KUBECONFIG
    # Check if the .kube directory is created > if not, no need to create it
    ls $HOME/.kube
    # Check if the .minikube directory is created > if yes, delete it
    ls $HOME/.minikube
    # Create the cluster with sudo
    sudo minikube start --driver=none

为了让我们的用户（而非sudo方式）能够使用kubectl，Minikube建议运行以下chown命令：

# Change the owner of the .kube and .minikube directories
    sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.kube $HOME/.minikube
    # Check the access and if the cluster is running
    kubectl cluster-info
    # Check the resources created
    kubectl get all --all-namespaces

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

集群已成功创建。我们看到Minikube使用了WSL2的 IP，这很有用，原因有几个，其中之一是我们可以在Windows浏览器中打开Kubernetes master的URL：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

Minikube与WSL2集成的真正优势在于，端口8443一旦在WSL2上打开，便会实际上将其转发至Windows，因此无需记住IP地址，我们可以通过localhost方式访问Kubernetes master的URL ：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

## Minikube：Kubernetes的仪表板 ##

Minikube嵌入了[Kubernetes仪表板][Kubernetes Dashboard]。有了它，运行和访问仪表板非常简单：

# Enable the Dashboard service
    sudo minikube dashboard
    # Access the Dashboard from a browser on Windows side

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

该命令还会创建一个代理，这意味着一旦我们通过按结束命令，CTRL+C将无法再访问仪表板。

尽管如此，如果我们查看命名空间kubernetes-dashboard，我们仍将看到在创建的服务：

# Get all the services from the dashboard namespace
    kubectl get all --namespace kubernetes-dashboard

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

编辑服务，并将其类型更改为LoadBalancer：

# Edit the Dashoard service
    kubectl edit service/kubernetes-dashboard --namespace kubernetes-dashboard
    # Go to the very end and remove the last 2 lines
    status:
      loadBalancer: {}
    # Change the type from ClusterIO to LoadBalancer
      type: LoadBalancer
    # Save the file

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

再次检查Dashboard服务，让我们通过LoadBalancer访问Dashboard：

# Get all the services from the dashboard namespace
    kubectl get all --namespace kubernetes-dashboard
    # Access the Dashboard from a browser on Windows side with the URL: localhost:<port exposed>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZseTkxMDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

# 总结 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>标准</th> 
   <th>Kind</th> 
   <th>Minikube</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>在WSL2上安装</td> 
   <td>很容易</td> 
   <td>有点复杂</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多节点集群</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
   <td>不支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>插件</td> 
   <td>手动安装</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>持久化</td> 
   <td>支持（但没有针对WSL2设计）</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>替代方案</td> 
   <td>K3d</td> 
   <td>Microk8s</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

译文链接： [https://kubernetes.io/blog/2020/05/21/wsl-docker-kubernetes-on-the-windows-desktop/][https_kubernetes.io_blog_2020_05_21_wsl-docker-kubernetes-on-the-windows-desktop]

[kubernetes]: https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/
[Linux_Windows]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/
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[WSL2]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-install
[https_aka.ms_wsl2kernel]: https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel
[WSL 2 Linux]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl2-kernel
[https_aka.ms_wsl2]: https://aka.ms/wsl2
[Windows]: http://www.microsoftuwp.com/
[Windows_Docker Desktop]: https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-windows
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[20200611082537955.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200611082537955.png
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[Windows_Docker Desktop 1]: https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-windows/
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[Kind]: https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/
[20200611083216157.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200611083216157.png
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[Kubernetes Dashboard]: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
[https_raw.githubusercontent.com_kubernetes_dashboard_v2.0.0-rc6_aio_deploy_recommended.yaml]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-rc6/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
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[RBAC]: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md
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[Minikube]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/
[20200611084900487.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200611084900487.png
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[Link 1]: https://twitter.com/diddledan
[Link 2]: https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/running-snaps-on-wsl2-insiders-only-for-now/13033
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[https_kubernetes.io_blog_2020_05_21_wsl-docker-kubernetes-on-the-windows-desktop]: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2020/05/21/wsl-docker-kubernetes-on-the-windows-desktop/