几种常见的线程池

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2023-02-16 00:45 15阅读 0赞

### 几种常见线程池的创建方式 ###

*  一：创建一个可缓存线程池

/** * Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but * will reuse previously constructed threads when they are * available. These pools will typically improve the performance * of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks. * Calls to {@code execute} will reuse previously constructed * threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new * thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have * not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from * the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will * not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar * properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters) * may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors. * * @return the newly created thread pool */
        public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { 
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                          60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                          new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
        }
    
        /** * Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but * will reuse previously constructed threads when they are * available, and uses the provided * ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. * @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads * @return the newly created thread pool * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null */
        public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                          60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                          new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                                          threadFactory);
        }

根据源码可以看到创建一个可缓存线程池，核心线程数量为0，最大线程数量为Integer.MAX\_VALUE，队列为同步阻塞队列。

*  二：创建固定数量线程的线程池

/** * Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads * operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided * ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. At any point, * at most {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing * tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are * active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is * available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during * execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if * needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will * exist until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown * shutdown}. * * @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool * @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads * @return the newly created thread pool * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads <= 0} */
        public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                          0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                          new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                          threadFactory);
        }

根据源码可以看到用的阻塞队列为链表阻塞队列，即可无界也可有界。

*  三：创建单线程的线程池

/** * Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating * off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single * thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to * shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute * subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute * sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any * given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent * {@code newFixedThreadPool(1)} the returned executor is * guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads. * * @return the newly created single-threaded Executor */
        public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { 
            return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                        0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
        }
    
        /** * Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating * off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to * create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise * equivalent {@code newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory)} the * returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use * additional threads. * * @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new * threads * * @return the newly created single-threaded Executor * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null */
        public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 
            return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                        0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                        threadFactory));
        }

根据源码可以看到单线程的线程池的核心线程池数量和最大线程池的数量都为了，阻塞队列也是用的链表阻塞队列。

*  四：创建定时线程

/** * Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a * given delay, or to execute periodically. * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, * even if they are idle * @return a newly created scheduled thread pool * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0} */
        public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { 
            return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
        }
    
        /** * Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a * given delay, or to execute periodically. * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, * even if they are idle * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor * creates a new thread * @return a newly created scheduled thread pool * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0} * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null */
        public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
                int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 
            return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
        }

/** * Creates a new {@code ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor} with the * given core pool size. * * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even * if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0} */
        public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) { 
            super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
                  new DelayedWorkQueue());
        }
    
        /** * Creates a new {@code ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor} with the * given initial parameters. * * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even * if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor * creates a new thread * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0} * @throws NullPointerException if {@code threadFactory} is null */
        public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                           ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 
            super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
                  new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
        }

看源码可以知道通过延时阻塞队列来实现定时线程池功能的。

**创建几种线程池的demo**

**
     * @author lizhangyu
     * @date 2020/6/6 17:51
     */
    public class test4 { 
    
        public static class taskDemo implements Runnable { 
    
            @Override
            public void run() { 
                for (int i=0; i<10; i++) { 
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
                }
            }
    
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            //创建一个可缓存线程池
            //ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            //创建固定数量线程的线程池
            //ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
            //创建单线程的线程池
            //ExecutorService es = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
            //创建定时线程
            ExecutorService es = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
            for (int i=0; i<10; i++) { 
                taskDemo ts = new taskDemo();
                es.execute(ts);
            }
            es.shutdown();
        }
    }

阻塞队列相关知识可以参考我的对应[博客][Link 1]

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37469055/article/details/117047399