JUnit –参数化测试

川长思鸟来 2023-02-15 07:38 87阅读 0赞

在JUnit中，可以通过以下方法将参数传递到单元测试方法中：

1.  建设者
2.  通过`@Parameter`注入字段

*PS已通过JUnit 4.12测试*

## 1. MatchUtils –使用多个参数进行测试 ##

一个简单的添加操作。

MathUtils.java

package com.mkyong.examples;
    
    public class MathUtils {
    
        public static int add(int a, int b) {
            return a + b;
        }
    
    }

## 1.2 MatchUtils –通过构造函数进行参数化 ##

参数通过构造函数传递到测试方法中。

ParameterizedTest.java

package com.mkyong;
    
    import com.mkyong.examples.MathUtils;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Collection;
    
    import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
    
    @RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
    public class ParameterizedTest {
    
        private int numberA;
        private int numberB;
        private int expected;
    
        // Inject via constructor
        // for {8, 2, 10}, numberA = 8, numberB = 2, expected = 10
        public ParameterizedTest(int numberA, int numberB, int expected) {
            this.numberA = numberA;
            this.numberB = numberB;
            this.expected = expected;
        }
    
    	// name attribute is optional, provide an unique name for test
    	// multiple parameters, uses Collection<Object[]>
        @Parameters(name = "{index}: testAdd({0}+{1}) = {2}")
        public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
            return Arrays.asList(new Object[][]{
                    {1, 1, 2},
                    {2, 2, 4},
                    {8, 2, 10},
                    {4, 5, 9},
                    {5, 5, 10}
            });
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test_addTwoNumbes() {
            assertThat(MathUtils.add(numberA, numberB), is(expected));
        }
    
    }

## 1.3 MatchUtils –通过现场注入进行参数设置 ##

参数通过现场注入传递到测试方法中。

ParameterizedTest.java

package com.mkyong;
    
    import com.mkyong.examples.MathUtils;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Collection;
    
    import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
    
    @RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
    public class ParameterizedTest {
    
        //default value = 0
        @Parameter(value = 0)
        public int numberA;
    
        @Parameter(value = 1)
        public int numberB;
    
        @Parameter(value = 2)
        public int expected;
    
        @Parameters(name = "{index}: testAdd({0}+{1}) = {2}")
        public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
            return Arrays.asList(new Object[][]{
                    {1, 1, 2},
                    {2, 2, 4},
                    {8, 2, 10},
                    {4, 5, 9},
                    {5, 5, 10}
            });
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test_addTwoNumbes() {
            assertThat(MathUtils.add(numberA, numberB), is(expected));
        }
    
    }

> **注意**  
> 对于 `@Parameters` ，“名称”属性是可选的，它通过提供唯一的名称来帮助您识别各个测试用例。
> 
> **\{0\}，\{1\}和\{2\}是什么？**  
> 如果参数为“ \{3，4，7\}”，则\{0\} = 3，\{1\} = 4，\{2\} = 7。

输出量

![junit-parameterized-1][]![junit-parameterized-1][junit-parameterized-1 1]

## 2. DomainUtils –使用单个参数进行测试 ##

另一个简单的类，验证域名。

DomainUtils.java

package com.mkyong.examples;
    
    import java.util.regex.Pattern;
    
    public class DomainUtils {
    
        private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_PATTERN = "^((?!-)[A-Za-z0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-)\\.)+[A-Za-z]{2,6}$";
        private static Pattern pDomainName = Pattern.compile(DOMAIN_NAME_PATTERN);
    
        public static boolean isValid(String domainName) {
            return pDomainName.matcher(domainName).find();
        }
    
    }

## 2.1 DomainUtils参数化测试 ##

参数通过现场注入传递到测试方法中。

ParameterizedTest.java

package com.mkyong;
    
    import com.mkyong.examples.DomainUtils;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
    import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
    
    import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
    
    @RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
    public class Parameterized2Test {
    
        //default value = 0
        @Parameter
        public String domainName;
    
    	//Single parameter, use Object[]
        @Parameters(name = "{index}: testDomain - {0}")
        public static Object[] data() {
            return new Object[]{
                    "google.com",
                    "mkyong.com",
                    "twitter.com"
            };
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test_valid_domain() {
            assertThat(DomainUtils.isValid(domainName), is(true));
        }
    
    }

输出量

![junit-parameterized-2][]![junit-parameterized-2][junit-parameterized-2 1]

> **注意**  
> 通过将参数传递到单元测试中，TestNG更加灵活，请阅读此[TestNG参数测试][TestNG] 。

## 参考文献 ##

1.  [域名正则表达式示例][Link 1]
2.  [JUnit参数化的JavaDoc][JUnit_JavaDoc]
3.  [TestNG参数测试][TestNG]
4.  [Zohhak – JUnit参数化变得简单][Zohhak _ JUnit]
5.  [JUnit Wiki –参数化][JUnit Wiki]

标签： [junit][] [参数测试][Link 2] [单元测试][Link 3]

> 翻译自: [https://mkyong.com/unittest/junit-4-tutorial-6-parameterized-test/][https_mkyong.com_unittest_junit-4-tutorial-6-parameterized-test]

[junit-parameterized-1]: http://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5ta3lvbmcuY29tL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDA5LzA1L2p1bml0LXBhcmFtZXRlcml6ZWQtMS5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[junit-parameterized-1 1]: http://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWt5b25nLmNvbS93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAwOS8wNS9qdW5pdC1wYXJhbWV0ZXJpemVkLTEucG5n?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[junit-parameterized-2]: http://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5ta3lvbmcuY29tL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDA5LzA1L2p1bml0LXBhcmFtZXRlcml6ZWQtMi5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[junit-parameterized-2 1]: http://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWt5b25nLmNvbS93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAwOS8wNS9qdW5pdC1wYXJhbWV0ZXJpemVkLTIucG5n?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[TestNG]: http://www.mkyong.com/unittest/testng-tutorial-6-parameterized-test/
[Link 1]: http://www.mkyong.com/regular-expressions/domain-name-regular-expression-example/
[JUnit_JavaDoc]: http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/org/junit/runners/Parameterized.html
[Zohhak _ JUnit]: http://piotrturski.github.io/zohhak/
[JUnit Wiki]: https://github.com/junit-team/junit4/wiki/Parameterized-tests
[junit]: https://mkyong.com/tag/junit/
[Link 2]: https://mkyong.com/tag/parameter-test/
[Link 3]: https://mkyong.com/tag/unit-test/
[https_mkyong.com_unittest_junit-4-tutorial-6-parameterized-test]: https://mkyong.com/unittest/junit-4-tutorial-6-parameterized-test/