分布式全局唯一ID生成和雪花算法

本是古典何须时尚 2023-02-14 02:41 137阅读 0赞

## 分布式全局唯一ID业务需求 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## ID生成规则部分硬性要求 ##

*  **全局唯一**  
    唯一性
 *  **趋势递增**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20200531160847399.png]
 *  **单调递增**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20200531161022633.png]
 *  **信息安全**
 *  ![在这里插入图片描述][20200531161051935.png]
 *  **含时间戳**
 *  ![在这里插入图片描述][20200531161111527.png]

## ID生成系统的可用性 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20200531161218925.png]

## 一般ID生成方案 ##

### UUID ###

但是UUID入库性能差  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

### 数据库自增主键 ###

单机中：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

集群分布式：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

### 基于Redis生成全局ID策略 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20200531162858722.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
不好维护

## 雪花算法 ##

Twitter 的分布式自增ID算法snowflake

### 概述 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

### 结构 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

### 工程落地 ###

糊涂工具包，springboot整合雪花算法

引入pom依赖  
![20200531170929611.png][]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

### 优缺点 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Z5ajEzOTI1NDc1OTU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

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