vm ware 15.5 安装 kali

小鱼儿 2023-02-13 12:29 18阅读 0赞

注意： 磁盘一定要80G, 否则在选择软件后的安装会报错， 出现安装失败。

如果一直出现安装失败错误， 将下面勾选的安装软件一个一个的取消。 就知道哪个软件造成的失败了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

磁盘少于80G,  要么就是上一步的软件选择， 除了桌面之外， 其他的都不安装。 否则就会报如下错误。

如果一直出现如下错误， 将勾选的安装软件一个一个的取消。 就知道那个软件造成的失败了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

我一直安装失败就是将如下的软件取消安装就安装成功了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

创建虚拟机：

1:  创建虚拟机

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

2:  自定义创建

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

3: 选择版本

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

4: 稍后安装系统

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

5: 选择liunx版本

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

6: 存放位置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

7:  cpu

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

8: 内存

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

9:  网络连接方式

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

10: 默认

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

11: 默认

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

12: 创建新的硬盘

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

13: 硬盘大小 ， 磁盘一定要够大

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

14: 存放位置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

15:  完成

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

16: 选择iso镜像位置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

17：开启虚拟机： 选择图形化安装

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

18 ：语言选择

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

19：配置网络， ip,网关。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

20：主机名

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

21： 用户名

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

22：密码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

23：配置磁盘， 默认就行

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

24：一直默认就行

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

25：安装， 注意： 磁盘至少80G，  要么这里出了 xfce, desktop 之外其他的软件都不安装。 否则会出现安装失败。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

磁盘少于80G,  要么就是上一步的软件选择， 除了桌面之外， 其他的都不安装。 否则就会报如下错误。

如果一直出现如下错误， 将勾选的安装软件一个一个的取消。 就知道那个软件造成的失败了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

如下这两个装就会失败。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

安装成功：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33][]

大功告成。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]

修改 root密码： sudo passwd root  输入新密码； 然后就可以root登录了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35][]

防火墙：

转载：

[https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/UFW%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE][https_wiki.ubuntu.org.cn_UFW_E9_98_B2_E7_81_AB_E5_A2_99_E7_AE_80_E5_8D_95_E8_AE_BE_E7_BD_AE]

[https://www.centos.bz/2017/12/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFufw%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/][https_www.centos.bz_2017_12_E5_BC_80_E5_90_AFufw_E9_98_B2_E7_81_AB_E5_A2_99_E7_9A_84_E4_B8_80_E4_BA_9B_E5_91_BD_E4_BB_A4]

[https://blog.csdn.net/bigdata\_mining/article/details/80699180][https_blog.csdn.net_bigdata_mining_article_details_80699180]

安装防火墙：

sudo apt-get install ufw

启用UFW命令：

sudo ufw enable

该命令默认会将UFW设置为开机启动，如果发现重启后UFW并没有自动启动，可以手动设置UFW服务开机自动启动：

sudo systemctl start ufw
    sudo systemctl enable ufw

UFW默认情况下允许所有的出站连接，拒绝所有的入站连接，所以这里首先将UFW设置为默认规则：

sudo ufw default deny incoming
    sudo ufw default allow outgoing

一旦启用UFW之后，如果没有允许SSH连接，将无法再通过SSH远程访问主机，所以在开启防火墙之前要确认SSH连接已经设置为允许

sudo ufw allow ssh

等价于：

sudo ufw allow 22

允许指定ip连接：

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.100 to any port 22
    
    
    指定ip访问指定端口及协议
    sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.177 to any port 22 proto tcp

通过以下命令查看防火墙状态：

sudo ufw status verbose

删除规则：

查看规则：
    sudo ufw status numbered
    
    
    根据规则编号删除
    sudo ufw delete 2

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36][]

入站与出站：

ufw  [delete]  [insert  NUM]  allow|deny  [in|out  [on INTERFACE]] [proto PROTOCOL] 
    [from ADDRESS [port PORT]]  [to ADDRESS [port PORT]] [comment COMMENT]
    
    INTERFACE ：网卡，就是针对哪个网卡生效，可以使用ifconfig或ip addr查看你的网卡
    form ADDRESS  : 源IP地址
    to ADDRESS : 目标IP地址
    PORT : 跟在源IP地址后面就是源IP地址的端口号，反之则是目标IP地址的端口号
    其他的都和协议规则的一致

重置规则：

sudo ufw reset

ufw相关的文件和文件夹有：  
　　/etc /ufw/：里面是一些ufw的环境设定文件，如 before.rules、after.rules、sysctl.conf、ufw.conf，及 for ip6 的 before6.rule 及 after6.rules。这些文件一般按照默认的设置进行就ok。

若开启ufw之 后，/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf会覆盖默认的/etc/sysctl.conf文件，若你原来的/etc/sysctl.conf做了修 改，启动ufw后，若/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf中有新赋值，则会覆盖/etc/sysctl.conf的，否则还以/etc /sysctl.conf为准。当然你可以通过修改/etc/default/ufw中的“IPT\_SYSCTL=”条目来设置使用哪个 sysctrl.conf.

/var/lib/ufw/user.rules 这个文件中是我们设置的一些防火墙规则，打开大概就能看明白，有时我们可以直接修改这个文件，不用使用命令来设定。修改后记得ufw reload重启ufw使得新规则生效。

记得查看防火墙当前的状态：

sudo ufw status

禁用UFW命令：(该命令会禁用防火墙并关闭其开机自动启动)

sudo ufw disable

启用防火墙日志：

sudo ufw logging on

禁用防火墙日志：

sudo ufw logging off

ssh： root连接：

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

放开端口22: 如下几个参数修改为 yes.

![20200529163315387.png][]

![20200530164104639.png][]

重启 ssh
    sudo service ssh restat

就可以ssh连接了。

![2020052916345951.png][]

ssh开机启动：

# 开机自动启动ssh命令
    sudo systemctl enable ssh
    
    # 关闭ssh开机自动启动命令
    sudo systemctl disable ssh
    
    # 单次开启ssh
    sudo systemctl start ssh
    
    # 单次关闭ssh
    sudo systemctl stop ssh
    
    # 设置好后重启系统
    reboot
    
    #查看ssh是否启动，看到Active: active (running)即表示成功
    sudo systemctl status ssh

**限制IP SSH登录**

**转载:**

[https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/8334122.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_EasonJim_p_8334122.html]

**说明：这里的IP是指客户端IP，不是服务器IP，下面的例子使用了hosts.allow文件的配置方式，目的是快，但也有不灵活的，建议改成iptables的方案。**

除了可以禁止某个用户登录，我们还可以针对**固定的IP进行禁止登录**，linux 服务器通过设置**/etc/hosts.allow**和**/etc/hosts.deny**这个两个文件，hosts.allow许可大于hosts.deny可以限制或者允许某个或者某段IP地址远程 SSH 登录服务器，方法比较简单，且设置后立即生效，不需要重启SSHD服务，具体如下：

/etc/hosts.allow添加

sshd:192.168.0.1:allow  #允许 192.168.0.1 这个IP地址SSH登录
    sshd:192.168.0.:allow #允许192.168.0.1/24这段IP地址的用户登录，多个网段可以以逗号隔开，比如192.168.0.,192.168.1.:allow

/etc/hosts.allow添加

sshd:ALL #允许全部的ssh登录

hosts.allow和hosts.deny两个文件同时设置规则的时候，**hosts.allow文件中的规则优先级高**，按照此方法设置后服务器只允许192.168.0.1这个IP地址的SSH登录，其它的IP都会拒绝。

/etc/hosts.deny添加

sshd:ALL #拒绝全部IP

修改镜像源为阿里：

命令：

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

地址：

#官方
    #deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
    #deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
    
    #阿里,测试后会有部分索引下载不下来的情况。后面用回了官方的
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security/ kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security/ kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free

![20200531155009214.png][]

更新软件

apt-get update

出现：默认禁用该源

![20200531155332105.png][]

编辑：

vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf

输入：

Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories "true";

![2020053115583713.png][]

安装全部软件：

apt-get install kali-linux-all

安装中文输入法：

安装拼音：

apt install ibus  ibus-pinyin

设置：

im-config

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38][]

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添加拼音

ibus-setup

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40][]

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[https_wiki.ubuntu.org.cn_UFW_E9_98_B2_E7_81_AB_E5_A2_99_E7_AE_80_E5_8D_95_E8_AE_BE_E7_BD_AE]: https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/UFW%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE
[https_www.centos.bz_2017_12_E5_BC_80_E5_90_AFufw_E9_98_B2_E7_81_AB_E5_A2_99_E7_9A_84_E4_B8_80_E4_BA_9B_E5_91_BD_E4_BB_A4]: https://www.centos.bz/2017/12/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFufw%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/
[https_blog.csdn.net_bigdata_mining_article_details_80699180]: https://blog.csdn.net/bigdata_mining/article/details/80699180
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[20200529163315387.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200529163315387.png
[20200530164104639.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200530164104639.png
[2020052916345951.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052916345951.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_EasonJim_p_8334122.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/8334122.html
[20200531155009214.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200531155009214.png
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