kubernetes(k8s)：部署可视化插件Dashboard（web UI）

女爷i 2023-02-13 03:24 150阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1. Dashboard部署

**添加epel的源：**

[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# cat epel-7.repo 
    [epel]
    name=epel
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0

[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# yum install jq  // 安装jq，jq在epel源中
    
    [kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/server2"|jq
    { 
      "kind": "NodeMetrics",
      "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
      "metadata": { 
        "name": "server2",
        "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/server2",
        "creationTimestamp": "2020-05-08T14:35:01Z"
      },
      "timestamp": "2020-05-08T14:34:21Z",
      "window": "30s",
      "usage": { 
        "cpu": "94782555n",
        "memory": "1053160Ki"
      }
    }

# 1. Dashboard部署 #

Dashboard可以给用户提供一个可视化的Web界面来查看当前集群的各种信息。  
用户可以用k8sdashboard部署容器化的应用，监控应用的状态，执行故障排查任务以及管理k8s各种资源。

托管在：[https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard][https_github.com_kubernetes_dashboard]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
    // 下载部署文件，如果无法下载到官方网站复制

[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ cat recommended.yaml 
    # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
    #
    # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    # You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      ports:
        - port: 443
          targetPort: 8443
      selector:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    data:
      csrf: ""
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    type: Opaque
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: ConfigMap
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: Role
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    rules:
      # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["secrets"]
        resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
        verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
        # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["configmaps"]
        resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
        verbs: ["get", "update"]
        # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["services"]
        resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
        verbs: ["proxy"]
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["services/proxy"]
        resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
        verbs: ["get"]
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    rules:
      # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
      - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
        resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: RoleBinding
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: Role
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: kubernetes-dashboard
        namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: kubernetes-dashboard
        namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: Deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      revisionHistoryLimit: 10
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard
              image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
              imagePullPolicy: Always
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8443
                  protocol: TCP
              args:
                - --auto-generate-certificates
                - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
                # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
                # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
                # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
                # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
              volumeMounts:
                - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
                  mountPath: /certs
                  # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
                - mountPath: /tmp
                  name: tmp-volume
              livenessProbe:
                httpGet:
                  scheme: HTTPS
                  path: /
                  port: 8443
                initialDelaySeconds: 30
                timeoutSeconds: 30
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
                readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
                runAsUser: 1001
                runAsGroup: 2001
          volumes:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              secret:
                secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
            - name: tmp-volume
              emptyDir: { }
          serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
          nodeSelector:
            "kubernetes.io/os": linux
          # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
          tolerations:
            - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
              effect: NoSchedule
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      ports:
        - port: 8000
          targetPort: 8000
      selector:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    
    
    ---
    
    
    kind: Deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      revisionHistoryLimit: 10
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          annotations:
            seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
              image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8000
                  protocol: TCP
              livenessProbe:
                httpGet:
                  scheme: HTTP
                  path: /
                  port: 8000
                initialDelaySeconds: 30
                timeoutSeconds: 30
              volumeMounts:
              - mountPath: /tmp
                name: tmp-volume
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
                readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
                runAsUser: 1001
                runAsGroup: 2001
          serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
          nodeSelector:
            "kubernetes.io/os": linux
          # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
          tolerations:
            - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
              effect: NoSchedule
          volumes:
            - name: tmp-volume
              emptyDir: { }

拉取 dashboard:v2.0.0以及metrics-scraper:v1.0.4 镜像  
至harbor仓库：

docker pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
    docker pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
    docker push reg.westos.org/kubernetesui/dashboard
    docker push reg.westos.org/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper

![在这里插入图片描述][20200526234933401.png]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml  // 部署dashboard
    namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
    serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
    service/kubernetes-dashboard created
    secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
    secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
    secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
    configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
    role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
    clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
    rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
    deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
    service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
    deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
    
    [kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard 
    NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
    dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.98.244.13     <none>        8000/TCP   3m40s
    kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.110.127.113   <none>        443/TCP    3m42s

部署成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]通过改变svc为**nodeport**暴露端口

[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl edit -n kubernetes-dashboard svc

![在这里插入图片描述][20200526235157188.png]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
访问测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200526235238201.png]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]登陆界面的token校验：登陆dashboard需要认证，需要获取dashboard pod的token：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]将token粘贴到页面中的token中

web 界面：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]默认dashboard对集群没有操作权限，**需要授权**：

集群内已存在sa,所以直接授权，授予所有权限  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

[kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa  // 使用kubernetes-dashboard服务账户
    NAME                   SECRETS   AGE
    default                1         23m
    kubernetes-dashboard   1         23m
    
    [kubeadm@server1 ~]$ \vi dashrbac.yaml  // 用户授权
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: cluster-admin        //集群管理员权限
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard     //命名空间
    
    [kubeadm@server1 ~]$ kubectl apply -f dashrbac.yaml 
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-admin created

再访问界面，一切正常  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]该web界面不仅可以实现监控，还可以实现部署pod。

Dashboard如果无法展示metrics-server的数据指标，可以通过以下两种方式解决：

*  修改dashboard-metrics-scraper 的Pod网络模式： hostNetwork: true
 *  通过node或pod的亲和性设置，让dashboard-metrics-scraper和metrics-server的Pod处于同一个node节点。

[https_github.com_kubernetes_dashboard]: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052623462332.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200526234933401.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526234933401.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052623494952.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235100667.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200526235157188.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235157188.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235216127.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200526235238201.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235238201.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235303270.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235342959.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235350863.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235505552.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526235715435.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052623573669.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNjk2OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70