win10下ruby入门学习

迈不过友情╰ 2023-02-10 05:08 13阅读 0赞

**学习背景：在使用logstash过程中，需要使用filter下的ruby插件**

### 一、安装ruby ###

**1. 下载ruby，下载[链接][Link 1]：**[https://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/][Link 1]

![20200520105954361.png][]

**2. 执行安装文件，安装ruby，安装目录修改为E盘，其他默认**

![20200520110504610.png][]

**3. 查看结果**

ruby -v

![20200520110433733.png][]

### 二、交互式 Ruby（IRb） ###

**1. 打开cmd命令窗口，依次执行如下命令**

irb
    def hello
    out = "hello world"
    puts out
    end
    nil
    hello

**2. 查看命令显示的结果**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 三、入门学习 ###

**1. 第一个ruby脚本**

**1.1 first\_ruby.rb脚本文件内容**

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    puts 'Hello World!'

**1.2 切换到脚本文件所在目录，执行脚本(此处用Cygwin终端演示)**

cd F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby
    ruby first_ruby.rb

![20200520144101181.png][]

**2. Here Document**

**2.1 multi\_line\_string.rb脚本文件内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    print <<EF
        这是第一种方式创建here document 。
        多行字符串。
    EF
    
    print <<"EF"
        这是第二种方式创建here document 。
        多行字符串。
    EF
    
    # 执行命令
    print <<'EC'
        echo hi there
        echo lo there
    EC
    
    # 进行堆叠
    print <<"FOO", <<"BAR"
        I said foo.
    FOO
        I said bar.
    BAR

**2.2 执行结果(此处使用IDEA执行)**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/multi_line_string.rb
        这是第一种方式创建here document 。
        多行字符串。
        这是第二种方式创建here document 。
        多行字符串。
        echo hi there
        echo lo there
        I said foo.
        I said bar.
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

**3. begin、end语法**

**3.1 begin\_end.rb脚本内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    puts '这是主 Ruby 程序'
    
    at_exit do
      puts '停止 Ruby 程序'
    end
    
    # 避免使用
    BEGIN {
      puts '初始化 Ruby 程序'
    }

**3.2 执行结果**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/begin_end.rb
    初始化 Ruby 程序
    这是主 Ruby 程序
    停止 Ruby 程序
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

**4. 数据类型**

**4.1 data\_typy.rb脚本内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    # 整形
    a1 = 123
    # puts不带回车换行符
    print(a1)
    a2 = 123_455
    print(' ')
    print(a2)
    
    a3 = 1_123_455
    print(' ')
    print(a3)
    print(' ')
    
    # 浮点型
    f3 = 1_000_000.1
    puts f3
    
    message = format('Processing of the data has finished in %<time>d seconds',
                     time: 5)
    # puts带回车换行符
    puts message
    # 多个参数
    puts format('a1: %<first>d, a2: %<second>d', first: a1, second: a2)
    
    puts format('%<first>d %<second>d', first: 20, second: 10)
    
    puts "相乘 : #{24 * 60 * 60}"
    
    name = 'Ruby'
    puts (name + ', ok').to_s
    
    # 数组
    arr = ['abc', 123, 3.1415, 'efg', 'last']
    arr.each do |i|
      puts i
    end
    
    # hash
    colors = { red: 0xf00, green: 0x0f0, blue: 0x00f }
    colors.each do |key, value|
      print key, ' is ', value, "\n"
    end
    
    # 范围
    (10..15).each { |n| print n, ' ' }

**4.2 执行结果**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/data_typy.rb
    123 123455 1123455 1000000.1
    Processing of the data has finished in 5 seconds
    a1: 123, a2: 123455
    20 10
    相乘 : 86400
    Ruby, ok
    abc
    123
    3.1415
    efg
    last
    red is 3840
    green is 240
    blue is 15
    10 11 12 13 14 15
    Process finished with exit code 0

**5. 类和对象**

**5.1 class\_and\_object.rb脚本内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    # 类上必须加注释，否则提示警告：
    # RuboCop: Missing top-level class documentation comment. [Style/Documentation]
    class Person
      attr_reader :name, :age
      # 定义实例方法
      def hello
        puts 'Hello Ruby'
      end
    end
    
    # 不带参数创建对象
    person = Person.new
    puts person
    # 调用实例方法
    person.hello
    
    # 消费者类继承人类
    class Customer < Person
    
      # @@ 开头的是类变量，初始化类变量
      @@count = 0
      # class_variable_set(:@@count, 0)
    
      # 调用带参数的类的 new 方法时执行
      def initialize(id, name, addr)
        # @ 开头的是实例变量
        @cust_id = id
        @cust_name = name
        @cust_addr = addr
      end
    
      def self.count
        @@count
      end
    
      def display_details
        puts "Customer id #{@cust_id}"
        puts "Customer name #{@cust_name}"
        puts "Customer address #{@cust_addr}"
      end
    
      def self.total_count
        @@count += 1
        puts "Total number of customers: #{@@count}"
      end
    
    end
    
    # 带参数创建对象
    cust1 = Customer.new('1', 'zhangsan', '北京')
    cust2 = Customer.new('2', 'lisi', '深圳')
    puts cust1.display_details, Customer.total_count,
         cust2.display_details, Customer.total_count

**5.2 执行结果**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/class_and_object.rb
    #<Person:0x0000000006407670>
    Hello Ruby
    Customer id 1
    Customer name zhangsan
    Customer address 北京
    Total number of customers: 1
    Customer id 2
    Customer name lisi
    Customer address 深圳
    Total number of customers: 2
    
    
    
    
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

**6. 循环**

**6.1 cycle.rb脚本文件内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    # while 语句
    m1 = 0
    while m1 < 5
      puts("Inside the loop m1 = #{m1}")
      m1 += 1
    end
    
    puts
    # while 修饰符
    m2 = 0
    begin
      puts("Inside the loop m2 = #{m2}")
      m2 += 1
    end while m2 < 5
    
    puts
    # until 修饰符
    m3 = 0
    begin
      puts("Inside the loop m3 = #{m3}")
      m3 += 1
    end until m3 >= 5
    
    puts
    m4 = 0
    
    # until 语句
    until m4 >= 5
      puts("Inside the loop m4 = #{m4}")
      m4 += 1
    end
    
    # for 语句
    puts
    (0..5).each do |m5|
      puts "The value of the local variable m5 is #{m5}"
    end
    
    # each 语句
    puts
    (0..5).each do |m6|
      puts "The value of the local variable m6 is #{m6}"
    end
    
    # break 语句
    puts
    (0..5).each do |m7|
      break if m7 > 2
    
      puts "The value of the local variable m7 is #{m7}"
    end
    
    # next 语句
    puts
    (0..5).each do |m8|
      next if m8 < 3
    
      puts "The value of the local variable m8 is #{m8}"
    end
    
    # redo 语句
    puts
    i = 0
    (0..5).each do |m9|
      break if i == 5
    
      puts "The value of the local variable m9 is #{m9}"
      if m9 == 3
        i += 1
        redo
      end
    end
    
    # retry 语句
    puts
    n = 0
    begin
      (0..5).each do |m10|
        break if n == 3
    
        raise 'A test exception.' if m10 == 3
    
        puts "The value of the local variable m10 is #{m10}"
      end
    rescue StandardError
      n += 1
      retry
    end

**6.2 执行结果**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/cycle.rb
    Inside the loop m1 = 0
    Inside the loop m1 = 1
    Inside the loop m1 = 2
    Inside the loop m1 = 3
    Inside the loop m1 = 4
    
    Inside the loop m2 = 0
    Inside the loop m2 = 1
    Inside the loop m2 = 2
    Inside the loop m2 = 3
    Inside the loop m2 = 4
    
    Inside the loop m3 = 0
    Inside the loop m3 = 1
    Inside the loop m3 = 2
    Inside the loop m3 = 3
    Inside the loop m3 = 4
    
    Inside the loop m4 = 0
    Inside the loop m4 = 1
    Inside the loop m4 = 2
    Inside the loop m4 = 3
    Inside the loop m4 = 4
    
    The value of the local variable m5 is 0
    The value of the local variable m5 is 1
    The value of the local variable m5 is 2
    The value of the local variable m5 is 3
    The value of the local variable m5 is 4
    The value of the local variable m5 is 5
    
    The value of the local variable m6 is 0
    The value of the local variable m6 is 1
    The value of the local variable m6 is 2
    The value of the local variable m6 is 3
    The value of the local variable m6 is 4
    The value of the local variable m6 is 5
    
    The value of the local variable m7 is 0
    The value of the local variable m7 is 1
    The value of the local variable m7 is 2
    
    The value of the local variable m8 is 3
    The value of the local variable m8 is 4
    The value of the local variable m8 is 5
    
    The value of the local variable m9 is 0
    The value of the local variable m9 is 1
    The value of the local variable m9 is 2
    The value of the local variable m9 is 3
    The value of the local variable m9 is 3
    The value of the local variable m9 is 3
    The value of the local variable m9 is 3
    The value of the local variable m9 is 3
    
    The value of the local variable m10 is 0
    The value of the local variable m10 is 1
    The value of the local variable m10 is 2
    The value of the local variable m10 is 0
    The value of the local variable m10 is 1
    The value of the local variable m10 is 2
    The value of the local variable m10 is 0
    The value of the local variable m10 is 1
    The value of the local variable m10 is 2
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

**7. 条件判断**

**7.1 conditional\_judgment.rb脚本内容**

#!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    # frozen_string_literal: true
    
    # if...else 语句
    x1 = 1
    if x1 > 2
      puts 'x1 is greater than 2'
    elsif (x1 <= 2) && (x1 != 0)
      puts 'x1 is 1'
    else
      puts "I can't guess the number"
    end
    
    # if 修饰符
    x2 = 1
    print "x2=#{x2}\n" if x2
    
    # unless 语句
    x3 = 1
    unless x3 > 2
      puts 'x3 is less than 2'
    else
      puts 'x3 is greater than 2'
    end
    
    # unless 修饰符 如果 conditional 为假，则执行 code
    x4 =  1
    print "1 -- Value is set\n" if x4
    print "2 -- Value is set\n" unless x4
    
    x5 = false
    print "3 -- Value is set\n" unless x5
    
    # case 语句
    age = 5
    case age
    when 0..2
      puts 'baby'
    when 3..6
      puts 'little child'
    when 7..12
      puts 'child'
    when 13..18
      puts 'youth'
    else
      puts 'adult'
    end

**7.2 执行结果**

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/conditional_judgment.rb
    x1 is 1
    x2=1
    x3 is less than 2
    1 -- Value is set
    3 -- Value is set
    little child
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

[Link 1]: https://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/
[20200520105954361.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520105954361.png
[20200520110504610.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520110504610.png
[20200520110433733.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520110433733.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520111041141.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200520144101181.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520144101181.png