面向对象程序设计-java语言第五周学习总结——城堡游戏(进阶)

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2023-02-09 11:53 15阅读 0赞

实现了隐形耦合，help输出内容与help的输出函数无关，使得新的命令加入的时候，help能自动输出新的内容。  
添加了新元素：添加了简单的故事场景。  
城堡游戏演示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzM0NzU1MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzM0NzU1MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzM0NzU1MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzM0NzU1MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

### 代码如下： ###

#### Game.java ####

> 城堡游戏的主函数

package castle;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class Game { 
        private Room currentRoom;
        private HashMap<String, Handler> handlers = new HashMap<String, Handler>();
        protected ArrayList<String> cmds = new ArrayList<String>();
        public Game() 
        { 
    // handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo());
        	handlers.put("bye", new HandlerBye(this));
        	handlers.put("help", new HandlerHelp(this));
        	handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo(this));
        	for (String cmd : handlers.keySet()) { 
        		cmds.add(cmd);
        	}
            createRooms();
        }
    
        private void createRooms()
        { 
            Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom, inside, bedroomup;
          
            // 制造房间
            
            outside = new Room("城堡外");
            inside = new Room("城堡内");
            lobby = new Room("大堂");
            pub = new Room("小酒吧");
            study = new Room("书房");
            bedroom = new Room("卧室");
            bedroomup = new Room("卧室二楼");
    // hoteldown = new Room("宾馆一楼");
    // hotelup = new Room("宾馆二楼");
            // 设置房间故事
            outside.setNarration("城堡外","恭喜你逃出了城堡");
            inside.setNarration("城堡内", "你现在在城堡的一个恐怖黑暗的广场上");
            lobby.setNarration("大堂", "你来到了城堡的大堂，大堂里面有着恐怖的石像");
            pub.setNarration("小酒吧", "这是一间幽深的酒吧，傍边到处是黑色的酒瓶，还有这恐怖的音乐在播放着");
            study.setNarration("书房", "这是城堡的书房，里面记载着这个城堡的过去");
            bedroom.setNarration("卧室", "你来到了城堡主人的卧室，这里是最黑暗的地方，你的心跳跳的越来越快，快点离开这里吧！");
            bedroomup.setNarration("卧室二楼", "恭喜你来到了城堡主人的卧室二楼，并且发现了一个箱子，你打开箱子后找到了钥匙，请拿着钥匙快速逃出城堡吧！");
            
            // 初始化房间的出口
            outside.setExit("south", inside);
            inside.setExit("north", outside);
            inside.setExit("east", lobby);
            inside.setExit("south", study);
            inside.setExit("west", pub); 
            lobby.setExit("west", inside);
            pub.setExit("east", inside);
            study.setExit("north", inside);
            study.setExit("east", bedroom);
            bedroom.setExit("west", study);
            bedroom.setExit("up", bedroomup);
            bedroomup.setExit("down", bedroom);
            
            currentRoom = inside;  // 从城堡门外开始
        }
        private void printWelcome() { 
            System.out.println();
            System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
            System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。任务：你需要在城堡内找到宝箱钥匙并带到城堡外去。");
            System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
            System.out.println();
            showPrompt();
        }
    
        // 以下为用户命令
    
    
        public void goRoom(String direction) 
        { 
            Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction);
            
            if (nextRoom == null) { 
                System.out.println("那里没有门！");
            }
            else { 
                currentRoom = nextRoom;
                showPrompt();
            }
        }
    	public void showPrompt() { 
    		 String currentnarration = currentRoom.getNarration(currentRoom.toString());
    		 System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom + "\n场景描述：" + currentnarration);
             System.out.print("出口有: ");
             System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitDesc());
             System.out.println();
    	}
    	public void play() { 
    		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    		while ( true ) { 
    	 		String line = in.nextLine();
    	 		String[] words = line.split(" ");
    	 		Handler handler = handlers.get(words[0]);
    	 		String value = "";
    	 		if ( words.length > 1)
    	 			value = words[1];
    	 		if ( handler != null) { 
    	 			handler.doCmd(value);
    	 			if ( handler.isBye()) { 
    	 				break;
    	 			}
    	 		}
    		}
    		in.close();
    	}
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		Game game = new Game();
    		game.printWelcome();
    		game.play();
            System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
    	}
    
    }

#### Room.java ####

> 城堡游戏中的房间模块

package castle;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    
    public class Room { 
        private String description;
        private HashMap<String, Room> exits = new HashMap<String, Room>();
        private HashMap<String, String> narration = new HashMap<String, String>();
        
        public Room(String description) 
        { 
            this.description = description;
        }
        public void setExit(String dir, Room room) { 
        	exits.put(dir, room);
        }
        public void setNarration(String room, String narr) { 
        	narration.put(room, narr);
        }
        @Override
        public String toString()
        { 	
            return description;
        }
        public String getExitDesc() { 
        	StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        	for (String dir : exits.keySet()) { 
        		sb.append(dir);
        		sb.append(' ');
        	}
        		return sb.toString();
        }
        public Room getExit(String direction) { 
        	return exits.get(direction);
        }
        public String getNarration(String direction) { 
        	return narration.get(direction);
        }
    }

#### Handler.java ####

> 城堡游戏中的添加各种功能的父类模块

package castle;
    
    public class Handler { 
    	protected Game game;
    	
    	public Handler(Game game) { 
    		this.game = game;
    	}
    	public void doCmd(String word) { }
    	public boolean isBye() { return false;}
    }

#### HandlerBye.java ####

> 功能模块的子类实现结束功能

package castle;
    
    public class HandlerBye extends Handler{ 
    	public HandlerBye(Game game) { 
    		super(game);
    	}
    	@Override
    	public boolean isBye() { 
    		return true;
    	}
    }

#### HandlerHelp.java ####

> 功能模块的子类实现帮助功能

package castle;
    
    public class HandlerHelp extends Handler { 
    	public HandlerHelp(Game game) { 
    		super(game);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void doCmd(String word) { 
    		System.out.println("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：" + game.cmds);
    		
            System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
    	}
    	
    }

#### HandlerGo.java ####

> 功能模块的子类实现go功能

package castle;
    
    public class HandlerGo extends Handler { 
    	public HandlerGo(Game game) { 
    		super(game);
    	}
    	@Override
    	public void doCmd(String word) { 
    		game.goRoom(word);
    	}
    
    }

--------------------

学习心得：

*  消除代码复制
    
     *  提取出来，改为函数。
 *  增加可扩展性
    
     *  可以运行的代码 != 良好的代码
     *  对代码做维护的时候最能看出代码的质量
 *  用封装来降低耦合
 *  Sring每次都String做+时，都会产生新的对象，系统开销较大。
 *  StringBuffer是可以不断修改的对象。
    
     *  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
     *  sb.append(“haha”);

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