linux ps -aef,Linux命令——ps、pstree

ゝ一世哀愁。 2023-01-22 08:55 29阅读 0赞

简介

ps(processes status)是Unix / Linux上的一个实用程序，用于查看系统上正在运行的进程的信息。ps命令默认安装，即使最小化安装也会有这个命令。ps命令从/proc文件系统中的虚拟文件中读取信息。 ps命令是系统管理的重要工具之一，专门用于进程监视，以帮助程序开发了解Linux系统上的最新情况。

请注意，ps生成带有标题行的输出，表示每列信息的含义。

用法演示

ps aux

a = show processes for all users 与terminal相关的进程

u = display the process's user/owner

x = also show you  (runner of the ps command, root in this case) all processes, not just ones attached to a terminal. This will include processes such as services like crond, upowerd, etc. 除了与终端相关的进程，还显示与terminal无关的进程

由于加上x后输出信息较多，示例没有加x

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\[root@localhost ~\]\# psau

USER PID%CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND

root1414 0.0 0.0 4060 596 tty1 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty1

root1416 0.0 0.0 4060 596 tty2 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2

root1418 0.0 0.0 4060 596 tty3 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3

root1420 0.0 0.0 4060 592 tty4 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4

root1422 0.0 0.0 4060 588 tty5 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5

root1425 0.0 0.0 4060 592 tty6 Ss+ 06:05 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6

root1431 0.0 0.0 108320 1916 pts/0 Ss 06:06 0:00 -bash

root1535 0.0 0.0 110248 1180 pts/0 R+ 07:11 0:00 ps au

USER：该 process 属于哪个用户

PID ：该 process 的PID

%CPU：该 process 使用掉的 CPU 资源百分比；

%MEM：该 process 所占用的实体内存百分比；

VSZ ：该 process 使用掉的虚拟内存量 (Kbytes)

RSS ：该 process 占用的固定的内存量 (Kbytes)

TTY ：该 process 是在那个终端机上面运行，若与终端机无关则显示 ?，另外， tty1-tty6 是本机上面的登陆者程序，若为 pts/0 等等的，则表示为由网络连接进主机的程序。

STAT：该程序目前的状态，状态显示与 ps -l 的 S 旗标相同 (R/S/T/Z)

START：该 process 被触发启动的时间；

R：running

S：interruptable sleeping 可中断睡眠

D: uninterruptable sleeping不可中断睡眠

T: stopped

Z: zombie僵尸进程。通常，造成僵尸程序的成因是因为该程序应该已经运行完毕，或者是因故应该要终止了， 但是该程序的父程序却无法完整的将该程序结束掉，而造成那个程序一直存在内存当中。 如果你发现在某个程序的 CMD 后面还接上 时，就代表该程序是僵尸程序啦，例如：

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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apache 8683 0.0 0.9 83384 9992 ? Z 14:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd

通常僵尸进程交由init或者systemd进程处理，如果init或者systemd也干不死，那只能reboot了。

\+: 前台进程

l: 多线程进程

N：低优先级进程

s: session leader

TIME ：该 process 实际使用 CPU 运行的时间。

COMMAND：该程序的实际命令为何？

ps -f或者 -F可以多显示几列。其中-F显示的能更多些

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost ~\]\# ps -f

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root4360 1305 0 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash

root4384 4360 0 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -f

\[root@localhost~\]\# ps -F

UID PID PPID C SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD

root4360 1305 0 28859 2020 0 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash

root4387 4360 0 38831 1844 1 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -F

使用-L还可以显示NLWP (number of threads) 和 LWP (thread ID) 列

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost ~\]\# ps -L

PID LWP TTY TIME CMD4360 4360 pts/1 00:00:00bash4804 4804 pts/1 00:00:00 ps\[root@localhost~\]\# ps -Lf

UID PID PPID LWP C NLWP STIME TTY TIME CMD

root4360 1305 4360 0 1 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash

root4814 4360 4814 0 1 10:20 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -Lf

\[root@localhost~\]\# ps -LF

UID PID PPID LWP C NLWP SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD

root4360 1305 4360 0 1 28859 2024 0 10:11 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash

root4824 4360 4824 0 1 38831 1840 1 10:20 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -LF

显示Linux系统下所有活跃进程

ps -A或 ps -e

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost proc\]\# ps -e

PID TTY TIME CMD1 ? 00:00:01systemd2 ? 00:00:00kthreadd3 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0

5 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0H6 ? 00:00:00 kworker/u256:0

7 ? 00:00:00 migration/0

8 ? 00:00:00rcu\_bh9 ? 00:00:00rcu\_sched10 ? 00:00:00 lru-add-drain11 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0

12 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/1

13 ? 00:00:00 migration/1

14 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/1

16 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:0H17 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/2

18 ? 00:00:00 migration/2

19 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/2

21 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:0H22 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/3

23 ? 00:00:00 migration/3

24 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/3

26 ? 00:00:00 kworker/3:0H28 ? 00:00:00kdevtmpfs29 ? 00:00:00netns30 ? 00:00:00khungtaskd31 ? 00:00:00writeback32 ? 00:00:00kintegrityd33 ? 00:00:00bioset34 ? 00:00:00kblockd35 ? 00:00:00md36 ? 00:00:00 edac-poller38 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:1

43 ? 00:00:00kswapd044 ? 00:00:00ksmd45 ? 00:00:00khugepaged46 ? 00:00:00crypto54 ? 00:00:00kthrotld56 ? 00:00:00kmpath\_rdacd57 ? 00:00:00kaluad58 ? 00:00:00kpsmoused59 ? 00:00:01 kworker/0:2

60 ? 00:00:00ipv6\_addrconf73 ? 00:00:00deferwq105 ? 00:00:00kauditd290 ? 00:00:00mpt\_poll\_0292 ? 00:00:00ata\_sff293 ? 00:00:00 mpt/0

300 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_0301 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_0302 ? 00:00:00 kworker/u256:2

303 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_1304 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_1305 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_2306 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_2309 ? 00:00:00ttm\_swap310 ? 00:00:00 irq/16-vmwgfx322 ? 00:00:00 kworker/3:2

330 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:2

387 ? 00:00:00kdmflush388 ? 00:00:00bioset398 ? 00:00:00kdmflush400 ? 00:00:00bioset413 ? 00:00:00bioset414 ? 00:00:00xfsalloc415 ? 00:00:00xfs\_mru\_cache416 ? 00:00:00 xfs-buf/dm-0

417 ? 00:00:00 xfs-data/dm-0

418 ? 00:00:00 xfs-conv/dm-0

419 ? 00:00:00 xfs-cil/dm-0

420 ? 00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/dm-

421 ? 00:00:00 xfs-log/dm-0

422 ? 00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/d423 ? 00:00:00 xfsaild/dm-0

424 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:1H493 ? 00:00:00 systemd-journal520 ? 00:00:00lvmetad529 ? 00:00:00 systemd-udevd548 ? 00:00:00nfit613 ? 00:00:00 xfs-buf/sda1614 ? 00:00:00 xfs-data/sda1615 ? 00:00:00 xfs-conv/sda1616 ? 00:00:00 xfs-cil/sda1617 ? 00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/sda618 ? 00:00:00 xfs-log/sda1619 ? 00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/s620 ? 00:00:00 xfsaild/sda1623 ? 00:00:00kdmflush624 ? 00:00:00bioset631 ? 00:00:00 xfs-buf/dm-2

632 ? 00:00:00 xfs-data/dm-2

633 ? 00:00:00 xfs-conv/dm-2

634 ? 00:00:00 xfs-cil/dm-2

635 ? 00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/dm-

636 ? 00:00:00 xfs-log/dm-2

637 ? 00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/d638 ? 00:00:00 xfsaild/dm-2

660 ? 00:00:00auditd683 ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon686 ? 00:00:00polkitd688 ? 00:00:00irqbalance689 ? 00:00:00 systemd-logind693 ? 00:00:00crond698 ? 00:00:00 login

705 ? 00:00:00firewalld707 ? 00:00:00NetworkManager754 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:1H826 ? 00:00:00 kworker/3:1H838 ? 00:00:00dhclient1021 ? 00:00:00tuned1022 ? 00:00:00sshd1023 ? 00:00:00rsyslogd1170 ? 00:00:00master1176 ? 00:00:00pickup1177 ? 00:00:00qmgr1284 tty1 00:00:00bash1299 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:1H1305 ? 00:00:00sshd1309 pts/0 00:00:00bash1455 ? 00:00:00 kworker/3:3

1477 ? 00:00:00memcached2198 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:0

2321 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0

2894 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:2

3163 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:1

3331 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:1

3346 pts/0 00:00:00 ps\[root@localhost proc\]\#ps -A

PID TTY TIME CMD1 ? 00:00:01systemd2 ? 00:00:00kthreadd3 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0

5 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0H6 ? 00:00:00 kworker/u256:0

7 ? 00:00:00 migration/0

8 ? 00:00:00rcu\_bh9 ? 00:00:00rcu\_sched10 ? 00:00:00 lru-add-drain11 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0

12 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/1

13 ? 00:00:00 migration/1

14 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/1

16 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:0H17 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/2

18 ? 00:00:00 migration/2

19 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/2

21 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:0H22 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/3

23 ? 00:00:00 migration/3

24 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/3

43 ? 00:00:00kswapd044 ? 00:00:00ksmd45 ? 00:00:00khugepaged46 ? 00:00:00crypto54 ? 00:00:00kthrotld56 ? 00:00:00kmpath\_rdacd57 ? 00:00:00kaluad58 ? 00:00:00kpsmoused59 ? 00:00:01 kworker/0:2

60 ? 00:00:00ipv6\_addrconf73 ? 00:00:00deferwq105 ? 00:00:00kauditd290 ? 00:00:00mpt\_poll\_0292 ? 00:00:00ata\_sff293 ? 00:00:00 mpt/0

300 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_0301 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_0302 ? 00:00:00 kworker/u256:2

303 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_1304 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_1305 ? 00:00:00scsi\_eh\_2306 ? 00:00:00scsi\_tmf\_2309 ? 00:00:00ttm\_swap310 ? 00:00:00 irq/16-vmwgfx322 ? 00:00:00 kworker/3:2

330 ? 00:00:00 kworker/1:2

387 ? 00:00:00kdmflush388 ? 00:00:00bioset398 ? 00:00:00kdmflush400 ? 00:00:00bioset413 ? 00:00:00bioset414 ? 00:00:00xfsalloc415 ? 00:00:00xfs\_mru\_cache416 ? 00:00:00 xfs-buf/dm-0

417 ? 00:00:00 xfs-data/dm-0

418 ? 00:00:00 xfs-conv/dm-0

419 ? 00:00:00 xfs-cil/dm-0

420 ? 00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/dm-

421 ? 00:00:00 xfs-log/dm-0

422 ? 00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/d423 ? 00:00:00 xfsaild/dm-0

632 ? 00:00:00 xfs-data/dm-2

633 ? 00:00:00 xfs-conv/dm-2

634 ? 00:00:00 xfs-cil/dm-2

635 ? 00:00:00 xfs-reclaim/dm-

636 ? 00:00:00 xfs-log/dm-2

637 ? 00:00:00 xfs-eofblocks/d638 ? 00:00:00 xfsaild/dm-2

660 ? 00:00:00auditd683 ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon686 ? 00:00:00polkitd688 ? 00:00:00irqbalance689 ? 00:00:00 systemd-logind693 ? 00:00:00crond698 ? 00:00:00 login

1477 ? 00:00:00memcached2198 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:0

2321 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0

2894 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:2

3163 ? 00:00:00 kworker/2:1

3331 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:1

3350 pts/0 00:00:00 ps

显示某个用户的所有进程

可以根据数值ID找到用户(-u)，也可以根据用户名(-U)

ps -fU root 或 ps -fu 0

输出结果完全一样

显示某个组的所有进程

同上，只不过换成-G

ps -fG 0 或 ps -fG root

根据PID显示进程

\-p 或 --pid

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -fp 698UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root698 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 login --root

\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -f --pid 698UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root698 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 login -- root

也可以一次显示多个进程

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -f --pid 698,1309UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root698 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 login --root

root1309 1305 0 09:04 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash

\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -fp 698,1309UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root698 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 login --root

root1309 1305 0 09:04 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash

根据tty显示进程

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -t tty1

PID TTY TIME CMD1284 tty1 00:00:00bash

\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -ft tty1

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root1284 698 0 09:02 tty1 00:00:00 -bash

显示进程树

对于父子进程，如果父亲死了，子进程的的父进程就变成了init或systemd

显示系统上所有进程的进程树

ps -e --forest

显示给定进程的进程树

\-C：Select by command name。这个命令会把name指定进程的所有子进程显示出来

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -f --forest -C sshd

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root1022 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

root1305 1022 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 \\\_ sshd: root@pts/0,pts/1,pts/2\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -ef --forest | grep -v grep | grepsshd

root1022 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

root1305 1022 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 \\\_ sshd: root@pts/0,pts/1,pts/2

指定查看ps某些列的输出

使用-o选项

ruser,pid,ppid,lwp(线程low weight process),psr(处理器processor)，args(用comm也行)，etime(elapsed time，自从该进程/线程启动过了多长时间)

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -o pid,ppid,user,cmd

PID PPID USER CMD4967 1305 root -bash16053 4967 root ps -o pid,ppid,user,cmd

根据PID查找进程

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -f --forest -C sshd

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root1022 1 0 09:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

root1305 1022 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 \\\_ sshd: root@pts/0,pts/1,pts/2\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -p 1022 -o comm

COMMAND

sshd

显示一个进程及其所有子进程的pid

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -C sshd -o pid

PID1022

1305

显示某一服务执行多长时间

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -eo comm,etime,user | grepsshd

sshd02:06:51root

sshd02:04:49 root

查找当前系统下，CPU 或 内存占用率最高的进程

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | headPID PPID CMD%MEM %CPU705 1 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sb 0.7 0.0

1021 1 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sb 0.4 0.0

686 1 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd - 0.3 0.0

707 1 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager -- 0.2 0.0

1023 1 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n 0.2 0.0

1 0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -- 0.1 0.0

1305 1022 sshd: root@pts/0,pts/1,pts/ 0.1 0.0

838 707 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /u 0.1 0.0

529 1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud 0.1 0.0\[root@localhost home\]\#ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%cpu | headPID PPID CMD%MEM %CPU1 0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -- 0.1 0.0

2 0 \[kthreadd\] 0.0 0.0

3 2 \[ksoftirqd/0\] 0.0 0.0

5 2 \[kworker/0:0H\] 0.0 0.0

6 2 \[kworker/u256:0\] 0.0 0.0

7 2 \[migration/0\] 0.0 0.0

8 2 \[rcu\_bh\] 0.0 0.0

9 2 \[rcu\_sched\] 0.0 0.0

10 2 \[lru-add-drain\] 0.0 0.0

对于那些未响应进程，或占用资源奇高的进程可以找到他并杀死

首先找到该进程，然后杀死该进程

![e48ecedab40d21cd48f7565276ce1937.png][]

借助watch命令执行实时进程监控

ps命令显示静态信息，可以借助watch命令实时监控进程信息，还能制定监控那些项

watch -n 1 'ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head'

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

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Every 1.0s: ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head Fri Oct 19 11:18:19 2018PID PPID CMD%MEM %CPU705 1 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sb 0.7 0.0

1021 1 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sb 0.4 0.0

686 1 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd - 0.3 0.0

707 1 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager -- 0.2 0.0

1023 1 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n 0.2 0.0

1 0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -- 0.1 0.0

1305 1022 sshd: root@pts/0,pts/1,pts/ 0.1 0.0

838 707 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /u 0.1 0.0

529 1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud 0.1 0.0

显示安全信息

尤其对于SELinux，如下命令显示安全信息

ps -eM  或  ps --context

也可以指定输出哪些项，使用选项-o

ps -eo  ruser,pid,ppid,lwp(线程low weight process),psr(处理器processor)，args(用comm也行)，etime(elapsed time，自从该进程/线程启动过了多长时间)

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label

EUSER RUSER SUSER FUSER F COMMAND LABEL

root root root root4systemd system\_u:system\_r:init\_t:s0

root root root root1kthreadd system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

root root root root1 ksoftirqd/0system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

root root root root1 kworker/0:0H system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

root root root root1 kworker/u256:0system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

root root root root1 migration/0system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

root root root root1 rcu\_bh system\_u:system\_r:kernel\_t:s0

与watch搭配使用动态显示进程信息

watch -n 2 'ps -aef | grep firefox'

pstree

ps命令可以显示当前正在运行的那些进程的信息，但是对于它们之间的关系却显示得不够清晰。在Linux系统中，系统调用fork可以创建子进程，通过子shell也可以创建子进程，Linux系统中进程之间的关系天生就是一棵树，树的根就是进程PID为1的init 或 systemd进程。

最小化安装时，默认没有这个命令。需要单独安装yum -y install psmisc

简介

pstree将运行进程显示为树。 如果省略pid，树将以pid或init为根。 如果指定了用户名，则会显示该用户拥有进程的所有进程树。 pstree在视觉上合并相同的分支，方法是将它们放在方括号中，并在前面添加重复计数

用法演示

最简单的做法

不带任何参数

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree

systemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient

│ └─2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

├─auditd───\{auditd\}

├─crond

├─dbus-daemon───\{dbus-daemon\}

├─firewalld───\{firewalld\}

├─irqbalance

├─login───bash

├─lvmetad

├─master─┬─pickup

│ └─qmgr

├─memcached───5\*\[\{memcached\}\]

├─polkitd───5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

├─rsyslogd───2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

├─sshd───sshd─┬─bash───man───less│ ├─bash

│ └─bash───pstree

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

└─tuned───4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

显示命令行参数

使用-a参数

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree -a

systemd--switched-root --system --deserialize 22├─NetworkManager--no-daemon

│ ├─dhclient-d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-eth0.pid -lf...

│ └─2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

├─auditd

│ └─\{auditd\}

├─crond-n

├─dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation

│ └─\{dbus-daemon\}

├─firewalld-Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

│ └─\{firewalld\}

├─irqbalance--foreground

├─login│ └─bash

├─lvmetad-f

├─master-w│ ├─pickup-l -t unix -u

│ └─qmgr-l -t unix -u

├─memcached-d -u root

│ └─5\*\[\{memcached\}\]

├─polkitd--no-debug

│ └─5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

├─rsyslogd-n

│ └─2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

├─sshd-D

│ └─sshd

│ ├─bash

│ │ └─man ps│ │ └─less -s

│ ├─bash

│ └─bash

│ └─pstree-a

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

└─tuned-Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P

└─4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

强制pstree展开一样的子树

使用-c参数

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree -c

systemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient

│ ├─\{NetworkManager\}

│ └─\{NetworkManager\}

├─auditd───\{auditd\}

├─crond

├─dbus-daemon───\{dbus-daemon\}

├─firewalld───\{firewalld\}

├─irqbalance

├─login───bash

├─lvmetad

├─master─┬─pickup

│ └─qmgr

├─memcached─┬─\{memcached\}

│ ├─\{memcached\}

│ └─\{memcached\}

├─polkitd─┬─\{polkitd\}

│ ├─\{polkitd\}

│ └─\{polkitd\}

├─rsyslogd─┬─\{rsyslogd\}

│ └─\{rsyslogd\}

├─sshd───sshd─┬─bash───man───less│ ├─bash

│ └─bash───pstree

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

└─tuned─┬─\{tuned\}

├─\{tuned\}

└─\{tuned\}

对特定进程高亮显示

使用-H参数

pstree -H \[PID\]

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# psPID TTY TIME CMD4967 pts/2 00:00:00bash18153 pts/2 00:00:00 ps\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree-H 4967systemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient

│ └─2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

├─auditd───\{auditd\}

├─crond

├─dbus-daemon───\{dbus-daemon\}

├─firewalld───\{firewalld\}

├─irqbalance

├─login───bash

├─lvmetad

├─master─┬─pickup

│ └─qmgr

├─memcached───5\*\[\{memcached\}\]

├─polkitd───5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

├─rsyslogd───2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

├─sshd───sshd─┬─bash───man───less│ ├─bash

│ └─bash───pstree

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

└─tuned───4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

显示进程组ID

使用-g参数

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree -g

systemd(1)─┬─NetworkManager(707)─┬─dhclient(838)

│ ├─\{NetworkManager\}(707)

│ └─\{NetworkManager\}(707)

├─auditd(660)───\{auditd\}(660)

├─crond(693)

├─dbus-daemon(683)───\{dbus-daemon\}(683)

├─firewalld(705)───\{firewalld\}(705)

├─irqbalance(688)

├─login(698)───bash(1284)

├─lvmetad(520)

├─master(1170)─┬─pickup(1170)

│ └─qmgr(1170)

├─memcached(1477)─┬─\{memcached\}(1477)

│ ├─\{memcached\}(1477)

│ └─\{memcached\}(1477)

├─polkitd(686)─┬─\{polkitd\}(686)

│ ├─\{polkitd\}(686)

│ └─\{polkitd\}(686)

├─rsyslogd(1023)─┬─\{rsyslogd\}(1023)

│ └─\{rsyslogd\}(1023)

├─sshd(1022)───sshd(1305)─┬─bash(1309)───man(4261)───less(4261)

│ ├─bash(4360)

│ └─bash(4967)───pstree(18242)

├─systemd-journal(493)

├─systemd-logind(689)

├─systemd-udevd(529)

└─tuned(1021)─┬─\{tuned\}(1021)

├─\{tuned\}(1021)

└─\{tuned\}(1021)

根据PID排序输出

默认情况下，pstree对有相同祖先的进程按名字排序。借助-n参数可以按pid排序

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree -n

systemd─┬─systemd-journal

├─lvmetad

├─systemd-udevd

├─auditd───\{auditd\}

├─dbus-daemon───\{dbus-daemon\}

├─polkitd───5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

├─irqbalance

├─systemd-logind

├─crond

├─login───bash

├─firewalld───\{firewalld\}

├─NetworkManager─┬─2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

│ └─dhclient

├─tuned───4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

├─sshd───sshd─┬─bash───man───less│ ├─bash

│ └─bash───pstree

├─rsyslogd───2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

├─master─┬─qmgr

│ └─pickup

└─memcached───5\*\[\{memcached\}\]

\-p参数可以显示pid

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree -pn

systemd(1)─┬─systemd-journal(493)

├─lvmetad(520)

├─systemd-udevd(529)

├─auditd(660)───\{auditd\}(661)

├─dbus-daemon(683)───\{dbus-daemon\}(684)

├─polkitd(686)─┬─\{polkitd\}(699)

│ ├─\{polkitd\}(700)

│ ├─\{polkitd\}(701)

│ ├─\{polkitd\}(702)

│ └─\{polkitd\}(703)

├─irqbalance(688)

├─systemd-logind(689)

├─crond(693)

├─login(698)───bash(1284)

├─firewalld(705)───\{firewalld\}(835)

├─NetworkManager(707)─┬─\{NetworkManager\}(720)

│ ├─\{NetworkManager\}(723)

│ └─dhclient(838)

├─tuned(1021)─┬─\{tuned\}(1261)

│ ├─\{tuned\}(1262)

│ ├─\{tuned\}(1263)

│ └─\{tuned\}(1276)

├─sshd(1022)───sshd(1305)─┬─bash(1309)───man(4261)───less(4272)

│ ├─bash(4360)

│ └─bash(4967)───pstree(18705)

├─rsyslogd(1023)─┬─\{rsyslogd\}(1026)

│ └─\{rsyslogd\}(1030)

├─master(1170)─┬─qmgr(1177)

│ └─pickup(5963)

└─memcached(1477)─┬─\{memcached\}(1478)

├─\{memcached\}(1479)

├─\{memcached\}(1480)

├─\{memcached\}(1481)

└─\{memcached\}(1482)

显示特定用户下进程的进程树

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost home\]\# pstree root

systemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient

│ └─2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

├─auditd───\{auditd\}

├─crond

├─dbus-daemon───\{dbus-daemon\}

├─firewalld───\{firewalld\}

├─irqbalance

├─login───bash

├─lvmetad

├─master─┬─pickup

│ └─qmgr

├─memcached───5\*\[\{memcached\}\]

├─polkitd───5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

├─rsyslogd───2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

├─sshd───sshd─┬─bash───man───less│ ├─bash

│ └─bash───pstree

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

└─tuned───4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

只显示具体进程的父子信息

使用-s参数

![8d089ea50fa83af679469fd748f73dc9.png][]

远程终端链接使用pstree显示乱码

使用-G参数

![8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png][]

![961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png][]

\[root@localhost ~\]\# pstree -G

systemdqwqNetworkManagerqwqdhclient

x mq2\*\[\{NetworkManager\}\]

tqagetty

tqauditdqqq\{auditd\}

tqcrond

tqdbus-daemonqqq\{dbus-daemon\}

tqfirewalldqqq\{firewalld\}

tqirqbalance

tqlvmetad

tqmasterqwqpickup

x mqqmgr

tqpolkitdqqq5\*\[\{polkitd\}\]

tqrsyslogdqqq2\*\[\{rsyslogd\}\]

tqsshdqqqsshdqwqbashqqqpstree

x mqbashqqqmanqqqless

tqsystemd-journal

tqsystemd-logind

tqsystemd-udevd

mqtunedqqq4\*\[\{tuned\}\]

[8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png]: /images/20221020/2068a06fc6b34f76906374722e64791a.png
[961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.png]: /images/20221020/28fd5d3d57314948959e5e469d595fab.png
[e48ecedab40d21cd48f7565276ce1937.png]: /images/20221020/67de9d6738ea43b1a05b4736cb0f93f5.png
[8d089ea50fa83af679469fd748f73dc9.png]: /images/20221020/45ff5e7ab4cf4ad4b3850fdbd0935ed4.png