三、Docker：命令

红太狼 2023-01-19 04:32 18阅读 0赞

## 三、命令 ##

官方文档（reference）：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

![image-20210429182627978][]

#### 帮助命令 ####

docker version 
    docker info  # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
    docker --help # 查看所有命令
    docker 命令 --help

#### 镜像命令 ####

# 1. docker images 显示镜像信息
    [root@localhost ~]# docker images --help
    
    Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    List images
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
          --digests         Show digests
      -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
          --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only show image IDs [root@localhost ~]# # 参数说明 # -a : 显示所有镜像 常用 # -q ：只显示镜像id 常用 docker images -aq # -f ： 过滤 [root@localhost ~]# docker images # 查看当前机器上的所有本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest d1165f221234 7 weeks ago 13.3kB # 字段解释 # REPOSITORY ：镜像的仓库源（镜像名），下载、运行都使用这个名字 # TAG ： 镜像标签 # IMAGE ID ： 镜像id # CREATED : 镜像的创建时间 # SIZE ： 镜像大小 # 2.镜像搜索 可以在docker hub上搜索查找https://registry.hub.docker.com/ [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql # 和docker hub上搜索是一样的 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10809 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4070 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 797 [OK] percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 537 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 87 mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 82 centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK] bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 51 [OK] databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 43 [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索收藏数大于3000的镜像 # 3.镜像下载 [root@localhost ~]# docker pull --help Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST] Pull an image or a repository from a registry Options: -a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable -q, --quiet Suppress verbose output [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest # 默认使用最新版本下载 latest: Pulling from library/mysql f7ec5a41d630: Pull complete # 分层下载， docker image的核心，使用联合文件系统 9444bb562699: Pull complete # 重复下载时 如果本地已经有这一层了，就不会下载 6a4207b96940: Pull complete # 删除镜像时，也只删除该镜像独有的层 181cefd361ce: Pull complete 8a2090759d8a: Pull complete 15f235e0d7ee: Pull complete d870539cd9db: Pull complete 493aaa84617a: Pull complete bfc0e534fc78: Pull complete fae20d253f9d: Pull complete 9350664305b3: Pull complete e47da95a5aab: Pull complete Digest: sha256:04ee7141256e83797ea4a84a4d31b1f1bc10111c8d1bc1879d52729ccd19e20a # 完整性 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址 # docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql：5.7 # 按照版本（tag）下载 在docker hub中查看版本号 # 4.删除镜像 docker rmi [root@localhost docker]# docker rmi -f 87eca374c0ed # 通过imageId删除(可以使用多个id) 也可以通过REPOSITORY名称删除 Untagged: mysql:5.7 Untagged: mysql@sha256:a655529fdfcbaf0ef28984d68a3e21778e061c886ff458b677391924f62fb457 Deleted: sha256:87eca374c0ed97f0f0b504174b0d22b0a0add454414c0dbf5ae43870369f6854 Deleted: sha256:3b035442a2f8d52d6c5c2d83a18c6c21a89b4dc6c89b481bcf40df89087655ce Deleted: sha256:a223f1762b2c619a59b81fc2304bf4c9b791c777c8bdb19760c09cbd1f061efc Deleted: sha256:92402939b3fd03bee3745eb90df9799bcb7d0ef92ca8ecf7ef37ad9c8a550084 Deleted: sha256:028b21e33aa4cd9c88acdd194d5cbef25638ffbca8669bfc0da72ad1eb148997 [root@localhost docker]# [root@localhost docker]# [root@localhost docker]# docker images -aq # 查询所有的镜像id 0627ec6901db d1165f221234 [root@localhost docker]# [root@localhost docker]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 按照镜像id删除所有的镜像 Untagged: mysql:latest Untagged: mysql@sha256:04ee7141256e83797ea4a84a4d31b1f1bc10111c8d1bc1879d52729ccd19e20a Deleted: sha256:0627ec6901db4b2aed6ca7ab35e43e19838ba079fffe8fe1be66b6feaad694de Deleted: sha256:94d5db550d62032ddc8ad8d4cfef8bac06fe7d35757deb2f8638d0fdc1e89217 Deleted: sha256:5fbbb0e9bfb8f2a4d665cc60aaf4876191c057898db276d2d030a0d6123afc8e Deleted: sha256:124a9d262ebecea284b6438b0a04766b076bd3f89cb0f29a8a475f26bf93911f Deleted: sha256:5aa37b6c8e31197ab2f357c09755bcb83228ff0fb69c2009a12b6eddb087e884 Deleted: sha256:d0b1d5665c308823bbc5b8986d405e5202ade6994dfa00d8ff576eff372dd045 Deleted: sha256:cd35e2328f0670969657f1abae8beffbc1eb1fddbaf667e1e6e6286598500a35 Deleted: sha256:068b92efc0504adcd3c23f16fde80775a2f4dfe485e242206f638eae72c4fa1b Deleted: sha256:7c8818a166d9666c68fcdbe421c30568d60d51a505e540f42901664113047a75 Deleted: sha256:5aa8f65565168fd7db2aa6b9f8fb1db746aa598fa3854dcbdbb49d5a29f6d8a5 Deleted: sha256:cca9d1bafa1ee67bb4d7178732c0955a40a5dea6e5b989f61248984f26f7306b Deleted: sha256:34ca91e79c4027120ca740231d415c739cccad57d1ee68d6a6e67ca60bbaf3a4 Deleted: sha256:7e718b9c0c8c2e6420fe9c4d1d551088e314fe923dce4b2caf75891d82fb227d Untagged: hello-world:latest Untagged: hello-world@sha256:f2266cbfc127c960fd30e76b7c792dc23b588c0db76233517e1891a4e357d519 Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726 [root@localhost docker]# [root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@localhost docker]# # 5.查看镜像的详细数据 docker image inspect centos:latest [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# docker image --help # 注意是image不是images Usage: docker image COMMAND Manage images Commands: build Build an image from a Dockerfile history Show the history of an image import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image inspect Display detailed information on one or more images load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN ls List images prune Remove unused images pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rm Remove one or more images save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect centos:latest
    [
        { 
            "Id": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
            "RepoTags": [
                "centos:latest"
            ],
            "RepoDigests": [
                "centos@sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1"
            ],
            "Parent": "",
            "Comment": "",
            "Created": "2020-12-08T00:22:53.076477777Z",
            "Container": "395e0bfa7301f73bc994efe15099ea56b8836c608dd32614ac5ae279976d33e4",
            "ContainerConfig": { 
                "Hostname": "395e0bfa7301",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "#(nop) ",
                    "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
                ],
                "Image": "sha256:6de05bdfbf9a9d403458d10de9e088b6d93d971dd5d48d18b4b6758f4554f451",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "DockerVersion": "19.03.12",
            "Author": "",
            "Config": { 
                "Hostname": "",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/bash"
                ],
                "Image": "sha256:6de05bdfbf9a9d403458d10de9e088b6d93d971dd5d48d18b4b6758f4554f451",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "Architecture": "amd64",
            "Os": "linux",
            "Size": 209348104,
            "VirtualSize": 209348104,
            "GraphDriver": { 
                "Data": { 
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/920d2af0b6aed6fb6c602b2867d2751ef09939a8cf324887aaa07aa2143e2cc2/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/920d2af0b6aed6fb6c602b2867d2751ef09939a8cf324887aaa07aa2143e2cc2/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/920d2af0b6aed6fb6c602b2867d2751ef09939a8cf324887aaa07aa2143e2cc2/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "RootFS": {  # 这里是rootfs相关信息
                "Type": "layers",
                "Layers": [
                    "sha256:2653d992f4ef2bfd27f94db643815aa567240c37732cae1405ad1c1309ee9859"
                ]
            },
            "Metadata": { 
                "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            }
        }
    ]
    [root@localhost ~]#

#### 容器命令 ####

有了镜像才能创建容器。

[root@localhost docker]# docker pull centos # 先获得镜像 有些镜像阉割了，比如Tomcat运行后不能直接访问，是因为webapps目录下面没有ROOT目录。
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images 
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
    centos       latest    300e315adb2f   4 months ago   209MB
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    # 1.新建容器并启动：docker run [可选参数] image
    # 可选参数说明
    --name="容器名称" # 定义容器名称
    -d  # 后台启动
    -it # -t和-i一般一起用，以交互模式运行，可以进入容器查看内容
    -v # 数据卷的目录映射 将容器内部目录映射到宿主机目录
       方式一： -v 主机目录：容器目录 (常用)
    -p # 指定容器端口 将容器内部端口映射到宿主机端口 elasticserach有多个端口，如何映射？
       方式一： -p ip:主机端口：容器端口
       方式二： -p 主机端口：容器端口 (常用)
       方式三： -p 容器端口
       方式四： 容器端口  
    -P # 随机端口
     --rm    # 当退出容器时，自动删除容器，测试使用 一般和-it一起使用
    # 举例如何启动nginx: docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
    
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 已交互的方式启动容器，并指定控制台
    [root@6090963f041d /]# 
    [root@6090963f041d /]# ls # 查看容器内部的centos(是个基础版本的centos，很多命令没有)
    bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
    dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
    
    # 2.退出容器
    [root@6090963f041d /]# 
    [root@6090963f041d /]# exit # 退出容器,容器就停止运行了。 不停止退出：Ctrl+P+Q
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    
    # 3.docker ps 列出运行的容器
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps --help
    
    Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]
    
    List containers
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
      -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
          --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
      -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all
                            states) (default -1)
      -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
      -s, --size            Display total file sizes
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps # 当前没有正在运行的容器
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a # 查看运行的容器（曾经运行和正在运行的）
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
    6090963f041d   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             jolly_darwin
    7d03a822850a   d1165f221234   "/hello"      3 hours ago     Exited (0) 3 hours ago                    clever_lewin
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -n=1 # 最近运行的一个容器
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
    6090963f041d   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             jolly_darwin
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -q
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -aq # 显示容器的id
    6090963f041d
    7d03a822850a
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    
    
    # 4.删除容器 docker rm 容器id
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker rm 6090963f041d # 删除指定的容器，不能删除运行的容器，需要指定 -f
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -aq #查询所有容器id
    6090963f041d
    7d03a822850a
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
    6090963f041d
    7d03a822850a
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
    
    #5.启动、停止、重启容器
    # docker stop 容器id 
    # docker kill 容器id # 暴力停止一个容器 
    # docker restart 容器id 
    # docker start 容器id 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps # 查询正在运行的容器
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    b314ecbd89e4   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds             kind_mayer
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker stop b314ecbd89e4 # 停止容器
    b314ecbd89e4
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -aq # 查询历史运行过的容器
    b314ecbd89e4
    a475e30c7b4a
    [root@localhost docker]# docker start b314ecbd89e4 # 启动已经停止的容器
    b314ecbd89e4
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    b314ecbd89e4   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 7 seconds             kind_mayer
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker restart b314ecbd89e4 # 重启正在运行的容器
    b314ecbd89e4
    [root@localhost docker]# 
    [root@localhost docker]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    b314ecbd89e4   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 2 seconds             kind_mayer
    [root@localhost docker]#

#### 常用的其他命令（重要） ####

##### 查看日志 #####

[root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker logs --help
    
    Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
    
    Fetch the logs of a container
    
    Options:
          --details        Show extra details provided to logs
      -f, --follow         Follow log output
          --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative
                           (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
      -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
      -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
          --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative
                           (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
    # -ft 显示日志
    # --tail 行数 
                           
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    59864eaf7080   centos    "/bin/bash"   32 seconds ago   Up 31 seconds             reverent_lamport
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 59864eaf7080 # 日志查看
    2021-04-30T00:20:20.072542948Z [root@59864eaf7080 /]#

##### 后台启动 #####

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
    centos       latest    300e315adb2f   4 months ago   209MB
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos # 后台启动
    f6a0394baf5211678d30881699aae5e83de64802778d74986d569c00118daa95
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps # 后台启动后找不到容器了
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 坑： docker ps 发现centos容器停止了。
    #原因：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要一个前台进程，docker发现容器中没有前台进程运行，就会自动停止。
    # nginx容器启动后就会出现这个问题
    # tomcat有前台进程就不会停止
    
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 前台交互运行
    [root@59864eaf7080 /]# 
    [root@59864eaf7080 /]# [root@localhost ~]# # 快捷键退出容器（容器不停止）ctrl+q+p 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    59864eaf7080   centos    "/bin/bash"   32 seconds ago   Up 31 seconds             reverent_lamport
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 59864eaf7080 #查看日志 但是容器没有日志
    2021-04-30T00:20:20.072542948Z [root@59864eaf7080 /]# 
    
    
    
    
    
    ^Z
    [1]+  Stopped                 docker logs -f -t --tail 10 59864eaf7080
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 因为centos容器中没有相关程序运行，所以没有日志
    # 可以在容器中写一段shell脚本测试: 五秒钟打印一次log
    # "while true; do echo testlog; sleep 5;done;"
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    59864eaf7080   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes             reverent_lamport
    [root@localhost ~]# docker stop 59864eaf7080
    59864eaf7080
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo testlog;sleep 5;done" # 后台启动 并且运行shell
    757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds             amazing_mcclintock
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 5 757fa92e1fbc # 查看日志
    2021-04-30T00:32:30.889124974Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:32:35.897303639Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:32:40.904584147Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:32:45.914042520Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:32:50.920649738Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:32:55.927719856Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:33:00.937665920Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:33:05.944561219Z testlog
    2021-04-30T00:33:10.952382666Z testlog
    ^Z
    [2]+  Stopped                 docker logs -ft --tail 5 757fa92e1fbc
    [root@localhost ~]#

##### 查看容器内部的进程 #####

[root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes             amazing_mcclintock
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker top 757fa92e1fbc # 查看容器内进程
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                10968               10945               0                   08:32               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo testlog;sleep 5;done
    root                11120               10968               0                   08:40               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
    [root@localhost ~]#

##### 查看容器的元数据(常用) #####

[root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 757fa92e1fbc # 查看容器元数据
    [
        { 
            "Id": "757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782", #进程id
            "Created": "2021-04-30T00:32:20.138420396Z",
            "Path": "/bin/bash",
            "Args": [
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo testlog;sleep 5;done" # 运行的脚本
            ],
            "State": {   # 容器状态
                "Status": "running", 
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 10968,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2021-04-30T00:32:20.868473745Z",
                "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
            "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782/resolv.conf",
            "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782/hostname",
            "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782/hosts",
            "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782/757fa92e1fbc5e887a9b3d04de9331b1d979b3f73e7772932262da428dc11782-json.log",
            "Name": "/amazing_mcclintock",
            "RestartCount": 0,
            "Driver": "overlay2",
            "Platform": "linux",
            "MountLabel": "",
            "ProcessLabel": "",
            "AppArmorProfile": "",
            "ExecIDs": null,
            "HostConfig": { 
                "Binds": null,
                "ContainerIDFile": "",
                "LogConfig": { 
                    "Type": "json-file",
                    "Config": { }
                },
                "NetworkMode": "default",
                "PortBindings": { },
                "RestartPolicy": { 
                    "Name": "no",
                    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
                },
                "AutoRemove": false,
                "VolumeDriver": "",
                "VolumesFrom": null,
                "CapAdd": null,
                "CapDrop": null,
                "CgroupnsMode": "host",
                "Dns": [],
                "DnsOptions": [],
                "DnsSearch": [],
                "ExtraHosts": null,
                "GroupAdd": null,
                "IpcMode": "private",
                "Cgroup": "",
                "Links": null,
                "OomScoreAdj": 0,
                "PidMode": "",
                "Privileged": false,
                "PublishAllPorts": false,
                "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
                "SecurityOpt": null,
                "UTSMode": "",
                "UsernsMode": "",
                "ShmSize": 67108864,
                "Runtime": "runc",
                "ConsoleSize": [
                    0,
                    0
                ],
                "Isolation": "",
                "CpuShares": 0,
                "Memory": 0,
                "NanoCpus": 0,
                "CgroupParent": "",
                "BlkioWeight": 0,
                "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
                "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
                "CpuPeriod": 0,
                "CpuQuota": 0,
                "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
                "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
                "CpusetCpus": "",
                "CpusetMems": "",
                "Devices": [],
                "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
                "DeviceRequests": null,
                "KernelMemory": 0,
                "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
                "MemoryReservation": 0,
                "MemorySwap": 0,
                "MemorySwappiness": null,
                "OomKillDisable": false,
                "PidsLimit": null,
                "Ulimits": null,
                "CpuCount": 0,
                "CpuPercent": 0,
                "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
                "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
                "MaskedPaths": [
                    "/proc/asound",
                    "/proc/acpi",
                    "/proc/kcore",
                    "/proc/keys",
                    "/proc/latency_stats",
                    "/proc/timer_list",
                    "/proc/timer_stats",
                    "/proc/sched_debug",
                    "/proc/scsi",
                    "/sys/firmware"
                ],
                "ReadonlyPaths": [
                    "/proc/bus",
                    "/proc/fs",
                    "/proc/irq",
                    "/proc/sys",
                    "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
                ]
            },
            "GraphDriver": { 
                "Data": { 
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/975df51a043d873f94e0f5df6e0884bebe425d1223ac7559cb53e624bbdeb220-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/920d2af0b6aed6fb6c602b2867d2751ef09939a8cf324887aaa07aa2143e2cc2/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/975df51a043d873f94e0f5df6e0884bebe425d1223ac7559cb53e624bbdeb220/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/975df51a043d873f94e0f5df6e0884bebe425d1223ac7559cb53e624bbdeb220/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/975df51a043d873f94e0f5df6e0884bebe425d1223ac7559cb53e624bbdeb220/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "Mounts": [],  # 挂载信息
            "Config": { 
                "Hostname": "757fa92e1fbc",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/bash",
                    "-c",
                    "while true;do echo testlog;sleep 5;done"
                ],
                "Image": "centos",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "NetworkSettings": { 
                "Bridge": "",
                "SandboxID": "ae01ca725b13914472779182d7445642ccc1021a537ac9e63a7d2b6bece93641",
                "HairpinMode": false,
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "Ports": { },
                "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ae01ca725b13",
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "EndpointID": "5707483edf4975ec64e05986a009d0e3df4532555cb365d67a34562e50a8fdac",
                "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "Networks": { 
                    "bridge": {   # 桥接网络
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "ea35b5ab56baf3f3d6e75c2be5492671f15de0ae61b49e92d17037b6a7b8476d",
                        "EndpointID": "5707483edf4975ec64e05986a009d0e3df4532555cb365d67a34562e50a8fdac",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]
    [root@localhost ~]#

##### 进入正在运行的容器（重要） #####

# 通常容器都是后台运行的，需要进入容器。修改一些配置。如何做？
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             amazing_mcclintock
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 方式一（常用）： docker exec （进入容器后开启新的命令行，而不是进入原有的命令行）
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 757fa92e1fbc /bin/bash
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# ls # 容器内部命令
    bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
    dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# ps -aux # 容器内部命令
    USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
    root         1  0.0  0.0  11880  1536 ?        Ss   00:32   0:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo te
    root       206  1.1  0.1  12012  2184 pts/0    Ss   00:48   0:00 /bin/bash
    root       223  0.0  0.0  23012   928 ?        S    00:48   0:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-pro
    root       224  0.0  0.1  47532  2056 pts/0    R+   00:48   0:00 ps -aux
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# 
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# # ctrl+q+p退出容器，让容器继续运行
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes             amazing_mcclintock
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 方式二： docker attach （以原有的命令行进入，不新开启命令行）
    [root@localhost ~]# docker attach 757fa92e1fbc
    testlog
    testlog
    testlog
    testlog # 正在执行当前的代码 
    
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it a475e30c7b4a /bin/bash # 不能进入没有停止的容器
    Error response from daemon: Container a475e30c7b4a6c4f2169aab72db70829f2f304a48436ccc1398ebd05097eab81 is not running
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker attach a475e30c7b4a # 不能进入没有停止的容器
    You cannot attach to a stopped container, start it first
    [root@localhost ~]#

##### 从容器内部拷贝文件到主机上 #####

# 容器在数据就在，与容器是否运行没有关系
    # 这里是通过手工的形式cp文件，后面可以使用-v卷的技术，将容器内的目录后主机的目录打通。
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   34 minutes ago   Up 34 minutes             amazing_mcclintock
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 1.进入正在运行的容器
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 757fa92e1fbc /bin/bash
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# 
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# 
    # 2.在容器内创建一个文件
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# touch test.java
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  test.java  tmp  usr  var
    # 3.退出容器 ctrl+p+q
    [root@757fa92e1fbc /]# read escape sequence 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 4.查看主机拷贝前的文件和路径
    [root@localhost ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg  
    [root@localhost ~]# pwd
    /root
    # 5.拷贝文件 docker cp 容器id:容器文件 主机目录 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker cp 757fa92e1fbc:/test.java . 
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    # 6.查看拷贝后的结果
    [root@localhost ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg test.java
    [root@localhost ~]#

##### 查看每个容器的内存使用 #####

[root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
    757fa92e1fbc   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour             amazing_mcclintock
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker stats # 每秒刷新 安装es时，可以看到内存使用非常多
    CONTAINER ID   NAME                 CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O   PIDS
    757fa92e1fbc   amazing_mcclintock   0.02%     1.5MiB / 1.786GiB   0.08%     656B / 0B   0B / 0B     4
    CONTAINER ID   NAME                 CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O   PIDS
    757fa92e1fbc   amazing_mcclintock   0.02%     1.5MiB / 1.786GiB   0.08%     656B / 0B   0B / 0B     4
    CONTAINER ID   NAME                 CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O   PIDS
    757fa92e1fbc   amazing_mcclintock   0.00%     1.5MiB / 1.786GiB   0.08%     656B / 0B   0B / 0B     4
    
    # 如果某个容器占用了非常多的内存，可以在启动时指定内存限制，比如es启动内存限制
    # docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2

[image-20210429182627978]: /images/20221021/1cf624f7aa4c487fa232167d43370c16.png