SkyWalking，完胜 Zipkin、Pinpoint、CAT ~

迈不过友情╰ 2023-01-16 11:08 221阅读 0赞

SkyWalking 是一个应用性能监控系统，特别为微服务、云原生和基于容器（Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos）体系结构而设计。除了应用指标监控以外，它还能对分布式调用链路进行追踪。类似功能的组件还有：Zipkin、**Pinpoint**、CAT等。

上几张图，看看效果，然后再一步一步搭建并使用

![70920877c60287aa0b5dd5c489fd8977.png][]

![3c45c5917dc162377db4c8add5d2b423.png][]

![ed014d5db7bd284c2684a329dce9417e.png][]

![7aa8c190b21552a83cf3d5a25facb63a.png][]

1.  概念与架构

SkyWalking是一个开源监控平台，用于从服务和云原生基础设施收集、分析、聚合和可视化数据。SkyWalking提供了一种简单的方法来维护分布式系统的清晰视图，甚至可以跨云查看。它是一种现代APM，专门为云原生、基于容器的分布式系统设计。

SkyWalking从三个维度对应用进行监视：service（服务）, service instance（实例）, endpoint（端点）

服务和实例就不多说了，端点是服务中的某个路径或者说URI

> SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.

SkyWalking允许用户了解服务和端点之间的拓扑关系，查看每个服务/服务实例/端点的度量，并设置警报规则。

1.1.  架构

![cec49235854d8e253d0bf6593e42f16f.png][]

SkyWalking逻辑上分为四个部分：Probes（探针）, Platform backend（平台后端）, Storage（存储）, UI

这个结构就很清晰了，探针就是Agent负责采集数据并上报给服务端，服务端对数据进行处理和存储，UI负责展示

![bc807a937bd762db5f2c2f386f56d86f.png][]

2.  下载与安装

SkyWalking有两中版本，ES版本和非ES版。如果我们决定采用ElasticSearch作为存储，那么就下载es版本。

[https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/][https_skywalking.apache.org_downloads]

[https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/][https_archive.apache.org_dist_skywalking]

![49dcc757b29d186f9abad51520e21cd9.png][]

![1b27668e31c887bd0ac7e7615f4730d6.png][]

agent目录将来要拷贝到各服务所在机器上用作探针

bin目录是服务启动脚本

config目录是配置文件

oap-libs目录是oap服务运行所需的jar包

webapp目录是web服务运行所需的jar包

接下来，要选择存储了，支持的存储有：

*  H2
 *  ElasticSearch 6, 7
 *  MySQL
 *  TiDB
 *  **InfluxDB**

作为监控系统，首先排除H2和MySQL，这里推荐InfluxDB，它本身就是时序数据库，非常适合这种场景

但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉，所以这里先用ElasticSearch7

[https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md][https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_master_docs_en_setup_backend_backend-storage.md]

2.1.  安装ElasticSearch

[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_targz.html]

# 启动
    ./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
    # 停止
    pkill -F pid

![01c81783a180b2bdde2631065ca8dd90.png][]

ElasticSearch7.x需要Java 11以上的版本，但是如果你设置了环境变量JAVA\_HOME的话，它会用你自己的Java版本

通常，启动过程中会报以下三个错误：

[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
    [2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
    [3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured

解决方法：

在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中追加以下内容：

* soft nofile 65536
    * hard nofile 65536
    * soft nproc  4096
    * hard nproc  4096

可通过以下四个命令查看修改结果：

ulimit -Hn
    ulimit -Sn
    ulimit -Hu
    ulimit -Su

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，追加以下内容：

vm.max_map_count=262144

修改es配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 取消注释，保留一个节点

cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

为了能够ip:port方式访问，还需修改网络配置

network.host: 0.0.0.0

修改完是这样的：

![ae8772b499c834d984df2038a4a761a4.png][]

![648fa46f71688fdf571dd25536e5732d.png][]

至此，ElasticSearch算是启动成功了

一个节点还不够，这里用三个节点搭建一个集群

192.168.100.14  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitor
    node.name: node-1
    network.host: 192.168.100.14
    http.port: 9200
    discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
    cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

192.168.100.15  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitor
    node.name: node-2
    network.host: 192.168.100.15
    http.port: 9200
    discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
    cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

192.168.100.19  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitor
    node.name: node-3
    network.host: 192.168.100.19
    http.port: 9200
    discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
    cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

同时，建议修改三个节点config/jvm.options

-Xms2g
    -Xmx2g

依次启动三个节点

pkill -F pid
    ./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid

![e830bcf29ae64598e87609f4f72936eb.png][]

![f2b846d8106118a73d5f8e26ccd5ee43.png][]

![3bae365a03139ab973d1ca17254bca59.png][]

接下来，修改skywalking下config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可

storage:
      selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7}
      elasticsearch7:
        nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
        clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.14:9200,192.168.100.15:9200,192.168.100.19:9200}

2.2.  安装Agent

[https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md][https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_v8.2.0_docs_en_setup_service-agent_java-agent_README.md]

将agent目录拷贝至各服务所在的机器上

scp -r ./agent chengjs@192.168.100.12:~/

这里，我将它拷贝至各个服务目录下

![00d665c8f03972f4891006d2bf53232d.png][]

plugins是探针用到各种插件，SkyWalking插件都是即插即用的，可以把optional-plugins中的插件放到plugins中

修改 agent/config/agent.config 配置文件，也可以通过命令行参数指定

主要是配置服务名称和后端服务地址

agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center}
    collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800}

当然，也可以通过环境变量或系统属性的方式来设置，例如：

export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800

最后，在服务启动的时候用命令行参数 -javaagent 来指定探针

java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar

例如：

java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

3.  启动服务

修改 webapp/webapp.yml 文件，更改端口号及后端服务地址

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

server:
      port: 9000
    
    collector:
      path: /graphql
      ribbon:
        ReadTimeout: 10000
        # Point to all backend's restHost:restPort, split by ,
        listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

启动服务

bin/startup.sh

或者分别依次启动

bin/oapService.sh
    bin/webappService.sh

查看logs目录下的日志文件，看是否启动成功

浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:9000

4. 告警

![73b80b53bae224df1046c238c3ed05d0.png][]

编辑 alarm-settings.yml 设置告警规则和通知

[https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md][https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_v8.2.0_docs_en_setup_backend_backend-alarm.md]

重点说下告警通知

![d6574c256123bde97925e8b2365e318e.png][]

![8fbffb0d18a9a48930e0f853f08963f3.png][]

为了使用钉钉机器人通知，接下来，新建一个项目

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.0</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.wt.monitor</groupId>
        <artifactId>skywalking-alarm</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>skywalking-alarm</name>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
                <artifactId>alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.1</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
                <version>1.15</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.75</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

可选依赖（不建议引入）

<dependency
        <groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId>
        <artifactId>server-core</artifactId>
        <version>8.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

定义告警消息实体类

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    /**
     * @author ChengJianSheng
     * @date 2020/12/1
     */
    @Data
    public class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable {
    
        private int scopeId;
    
        private String scope;
    
        /**
         * Target scope entity name
         */
        private String name;
    
        private String id0;
    
        private String id1;
    
        private String ruleName;
    
        /**
         * Alarm text message
         */
        private String alarmMessage;
    
        /**
         * Alarm time measured in milliseconds
         */
        private long startTime;
    
    }

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

发送钉钉机器人消息

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service;
    
    import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient;
    import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient;
    import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest;
    import com.taobao.api.ApiException;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import javax.crypto.Mac;
    import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    
    /**
     * https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
     * @author ChengJianSheng
     * @data 2020/12/1
     */
    @Slf4j
    @Service
    public class DingTalkAlarmService {
    
        @Value("${dingtalk.webhook}")
        private String webhook;
        @Value("${dingtalk.secret}")
        private String secret;
    
        public void sendMessage(String content) {
            try {
                Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
                String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret;
                Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
                mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256"));
                byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8"));
                String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");
    
                String serverUrl = webhook + "&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign;
                DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl);
                OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest();
                request.setMsgtype("text");
                OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text();
                text.setContent(content);
                request.setText(text);
    
                client.execute(request);
            } catch (ApiException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    }

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

AlarmController.java

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO;
    import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.text.MessageFormat;
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * @author ChengJianSheng
     * @date 2020/12/1
     */
    @Slf4j
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/skywalking")
    public class AlarmController {
    
        @Autowired
        private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;
    
        @PostMapping("/alarm")
        public void alarm(@RequestBody List<AlarmMessageDTO> alarmMessageDTOList) {
           log.info("收到告警信息: {}", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList));
           if (null != alarmMessageDTOList) {
               alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----来自SkyWalking的告警-----\n【名称】: {0}\n【消息】: {1}\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage())));
           }
        }
    }

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

![3d874a6517e5061e76bca5e8b791e882.png][]

5.  文档

[https://skywalking.apache.org/][https_skywalking.apache.org]

[https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/][https_skywalking.apache.org_zh]

[https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs][https_github.com_apache_skywalking_tree_v8.2.0_docs]

[https://archive.apache.org/dist/][https_archive.apache.org_dist]

[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_master_index.html]

[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html]

[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html]

[70920877c60287aa0b5dd5c489fd8977.png]: /images/20221022/2427b767347a46c4bbb64b9faecfe53f.png
[3c45c5917dc162377db4c8add5d2b423.png]: /images/20221022/61911dd5c28c4ec5915959d7e4af74ab.png
[ed014d5db7bd284c2684a329dce9417e.png]: /images/20221022/4287de23b0d241e7807eb05446b7a650.png
[7aa8c190b21552a83cf3d5a25facb63a.png]: /images/20221022/9fccc2e033ba4c72927be6257f1a763b.png
[cec49235854d8e253d0bf6593e42f16f.png]: /images/20221022/7188c9d162524024b34c29494c23ef4e.png
[bc807a937bd762db5f2c2f386f56d86f.png]: /images/20221022/446fb714677342fdaf09b4f83cea9d9a.png
[https_skywalking.apache.org_downloads]: https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/
[https_archive.apache.org_dist_skywalking]: https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/
[49dcc757b29d186f9abad51520e21cd9.png]: /images/20221022/eefa1cc7a72e4ee59dc4595b4583485e.png
[1b27668e31c887bd0ac7e7615f4730d6.png]: /images/20221022/7e702bf057774c31966216b2fb20f24a.png
[https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_master_docs_en_setup_backend_backend-storage.md]: https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_targz.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html
[01c81783a180b2bdde2631065ca8dd90.png]: /images/20221022/d193b74342f5410490c4887a8d42ddcb.png
[ae8772b499c834d984df2038a4a761a4.png]: /images/20221022/f04bff3c8f6640b181e27b21df68aef0.png
[648fa46f71688fdf571dd25536e5732d.png]: /images/20221022/b42c39e772954a2594b00e5774f8b679.png
[e830bcf29ae64598e87609f4f72936eb.png]: /images/20221022/2a4770780d72407da3fcad50c87ed1fd.png
[f2b846d8106118a73d5f8e26ccd5ee43.png]: /images/20221022/1a432c335ef3438bbcbae0ac0bed0453.png
[3bae365a03139ab973d1ca17254bca59.png]: /images/20221022/3f75b29372a84acc8b5b752dd5b8daa3.png
[https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_v8.2.0_docs_en_setup_service-agent_java-agent_README.md]: https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md
[00d665c8f03972f4891006d2bf53232d.png]: /images/20221022/3a2cbb738f564b64b7c2c2dffa46cd59.png
[48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]: /images/20221022/8e9a5ce490c04b53a4f5e9399727e34b.png
[73b80b53bae224df1046c238c3ed05d0.png]: /images/20221022/5b021fc0915a4271ae0fa27febd21d04.png
[https_github.com_apache_skywalking_blob_v8.2.0_docs_en_setup_backend_backend-alarm.md]: https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md
[d6574c256123bde97925e8b2365e318e.png]: /images/20221022/a7006f11dbee48b3bafa28336d1b8379.png
[8fbffb0d18a9a48930e0f853f08963f3.png]: /images/20221022/2bd03e0dbcb94b239003667f0a3fc76f.png
[3d874a6517e5061e76bca5e8b791e882.png]: /images/20221022/a55e8ecf46d94cd5878ad1b3a23bc62a.png
[https_skywalking.apache.org]: https://skywalking.apache.org/
[https_skywalking.apache.org_zh]: https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/
[https_github.com_apache_skywalking_tree_v8.2.0_docs]: https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs
[https_archive.apache.org_dist]: https://archive.apache.org/dist/
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_master_index.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.10_modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html