mysql mha故障切换_MySQL之MHA高可用配置及故障切换

怼烎@ 2023-01-11 13:27 174阅读 0赞

使用MySQL5.5的半同步复制，可以大大降低数据丢失的风险

案例拓扑图

![0311c2b006f30ebe191f05e4aba004ba.png][]

实验环境

centos7版本

MHA版本0.57

mysql版本5.6.36

cmake版本2.8.6

MHA：192.168.191.132

master:192.168.191.160

slave1:192.168.191.161

slave2:192.168.191.162

搭建MySQL主从复制环境

1.修改主机名以便于区分各个服务器

![53a70ec251f00f70986033864002e89e.png][]

![80c0a572d2b9d1bf02bd25f1f1d8496c.png][]

![b6c3603eb726abc3fcb174a615a39995.png][]

![f4870c7e0734252a32440c102cbc72ac.png][]

三台mysql服务器的安装配置过程一致，所以就以master为例

安装编译依赖的环境

![9e971336874b3d34732d879468af796b.png][]

安装cmake编译器

![0049c7a183502841481dc1623ed4958d.png][]

![4dd464d1451b7254e230d459ed692a39.png][]

![a47f06df1bc5b39bc9dbf96dce003c17.png][]

安装mysql数据库

![28a224e2df5b77a3967970a88ca6854f.png][]

![a3997bf09a64529dcbd804bc48f29654.png][]

接下来就是make && make install 的过程

优化mysql数据库路径，创建mysql用户，初始化数据库

![d859ba39bcc393c9dbfa9ce3d44c8aa2.png][]

![aea81a2170244068c8061a0610091685.png][]

![d6fe23da38af45eadc24aef7c14b7b6d.png][]

vim /etc/my.cnf下：

修改主服务器master主配置文件

![cde973f91f8345b0ff29e38ff440e89e.png][]

修改从服务器slave1主配置文件

![00090187fdbdf50f04a2a6bb0c08349d.png][]

修改从服务器slave2主配置文件

![e7bb0e81722b913404292385c6faa929.png][]

主从服务器做两个软连接，便于操作

![543aeaae6e647bd08f8ac245b184f2c7.png][]

主从服务器启动MySQL

![4851fb629ab497540dae7e7e096b76b1.png][]

创建主从同步用户myslave

mysql> grant replication slave on \*.\* to 'myslave'@'192.168.191.%' identified by '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

给所有数据库授权mha用户对数据库的操作权限

mysql> grant all privileges on \*.\* to 'mha'@'192.168.191.%' identified by 'manager';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on \*.\* to 'mha'@'master' identified by 'manager';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on \*.\* to 'mha'@'slave1' identified by 'manager';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on \*.\* to 'mha'@'slave2' identified by 'manager';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

\#刷新数据库

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在mysql主服务器上查看为禁止文件和同步点，此时不要往数据库中添加任何内容，会导致

![3b1180308efa984202f3cad6b9259e2f.png][]

在从服务器上执行同步

mysql> change master to master\_host='192.168.191.160',master\_user='myslave',master\_password='123',master\_log\_file='master-bin.000002',master\_log\_pos=12215;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\\G;

···省略部分内容

Slave\_IO\_Running: Yes //如果此处是Slave\_IO\_Running: Connecting，查看主服务器的防火墙是否关闭

Slave\_SQL\_Running: Yes

···省略部分内容

设置两台从服务器为只读模式

mysql> set global read\_only=1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

安装Node组件(所有服务器，版本为0.57)

![8faf6adc6021cca5815e006cec044997.png][]

安装perl环境

![b314d0551c1202b3d9083842cbaecf4d.png][]

MHA对于每个操作系统版本不一样，centos7.4必须选择0.57版本，在所有服务器上必须先安装node组件，最后在MHA-manager节点上安装manager组件，因为manager依赖node组件

安装Node组件

\[root@master ~\]\# tar zxvf /abc/mha/mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz

\[root@master ~\]\# cd mha4mysql-node-0.57/

\[root@master mha4mysql-node-0.57\]\# perl Makefile.PL

\[root@master mha4mysql-node-0.57\]\# make

\[root@master mha4mysql-node-0.57\]\# make install

node安装后在/usr/local/bin/下面生成几个脚本工具(这些工具通常由MHA Manager脚本触发，无需人为操作)

![3a9ef57a6b6d28a3f6f2bb3c7534023a.png][]

save\_binary\_logs：保存和复制master的二进制文件

apply\_diff\_relay\_logs：识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用于其他的slave

filter\_mysqlbinlog：去除不必要的ROLLBACK回滚事件(MHA已不再使用这个工具)

purge\_relay\_logs：清除中继日志(不会阻塞SQL线程)

安装Manager组件(在manager节点上，版本为0.57)

\[root@manager ~\]\# tar zxvf /abc/mha/mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz

\[root@manager ~\]\# cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57/

\[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57\]\# perl Makefile.PL

\[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57\]\# make

\[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57\]\# make install

manager安装后在/usr/local/bin/ 下面会生成几个脚本工具

![0d5aa07b4f7362fb79bd1adb5dc2e8e5.png][]

masterha\_check\_ssh：检查MHA的SSH配置状况

masterha\_check\_repl：检查MySQL复制状况

masterha\_manager：启动manager的脚本

masterha\_check\_status：检测当前MHA运行状态

masterha\_master\_monitor：检测master是否宕机

masterha\_master\_switch：控制故障转移(自动或者手动)

masterha\_conf\_host：添加或删除配置server信息

masterha\_stop：关闭manager

配置无密码认证

工具：ssh-keygen、ssh-copy-id

(1)在manager上配置所有数据节点的无密码认证

\[root@manager ~\]\# ssh-keygen -t rsa

\#一直点回车

\[root@manager ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.160

\[root@manager ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.161

\[root@manager ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.162

(2)在master上配置到数据库节点slave1和slave2的无密码认证

\#一直点回车

\[root@master ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.161

\[root@master ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.162

(3)在slave1上配置到数据库节点master和slave2的无密码认证

\[root@slave1 ~\]\# ssh-keygen -t rsa

\#一直点回车

\[root@slave1 ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.160

\[root@slave1 ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.162

(4)在slave2上配置到数据库节点master和slave1的无密码认证

\[root@slave2 ~\]\# ssh-keygen -t rsa

\#一直点回车

\[root@slave2 ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.160

\[root@slave2 ~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.191.161

配置MHA(在manager节点上)

复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin 目录

\[root@manager ~\]\# cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin

拷贝后会有四个执行文件

![503304e1db4230934d9ac0dea2880c64.png][]

master\_ip\_failover：自动切换时VIP管理的脚本

master\_ip\_online\_change：在线切换时vip的管理

power\_manager：故障发生后关闭主机的脚本

send\_report：因故障切换后发送报警的脚本

(2)复制上述的自动切换时VIP管理脚本到/usr/local/bin目录中，使用脚本管理VIP

\[root@manager ~\]\# cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master\_ip\_failover /usr/local/bin

修改master\_ip\_failover脚本(删除原有的内容，重新写入)

\[root@manager ~\]\# vim /usr/local/bin/master\_ip\_failover

\#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;

use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (

$command, $ssh\_user, $orig\_master\_host, $orig\_master\_ip,

$orig\_master\_port, $new\_master\_host, $new\_master\_ip, $new\_master\_port

);

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#添加内容部分\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

\#设置漂移IP

my $vip = '192.168.191.200';

my $brdc = '192.168.191.255';

my $ifdev = 'ens33';

my $key = '1';

my $ssh\_start\_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";

my $ssh\_stop\_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";

my $exit\_code = 0;

\#my $ssh\_start\_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;";

\#my $ssh\_stop\_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key";

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

GetOptions(

'command=s' => \\$command,

'ssh\_user=s' => \\$ssh\_user,

'orig\_master\_host=s' => \\$orig\_master\_host,

'orig\_master\_ip=s' => \\$orig\_master\_ip,

'orig\_master\_port=i' => \\$orig\_master\_port,

'new\_master\_host=s' => \\$new\_master\_host,

'new\_master\_ip=s' => \\$new\_master\_ip,

'new\_master\_port=i' => \\$new\_master\_port,

);

exit &main();

sub main \{

print "\\n\\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh\_stop\_vip==$ssh\_start\_vip===\\n\\n";

if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) \{

my $exit\_code = 1;

eval \{

print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig\_master\_host \\n";

&stop\_vip();

$exit\_code = 0;

\};

if ($@) \{

warn "Got Error: $@\\n";

exit $exit\_code;

elsif ( $command eq "start" ) \{

my $exit\_code = 10;

eval \{

print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new\_master\_host \\n";

&start\_vip();

$exit\_code = 0;

\};

if ($@) \{

warn $@;

exit $exit\_code;

elsif ( $command eq "status" ) \{

print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \\n";

exit 0;

else \{

&usage();

exit 1;

sub start\_vip() \{

\`ssh $ssh\_user\\@$new\_master\_host \\" $ssh\_start\_vip \\"\`;

\# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old\_master

sub stop\_vip() \{

\`ssh $ssh\_user\\@$orig\_master\_host \\" $ssh\_stop\_vip \\"\`;

sub usage \{

"Usage: master\_ip\_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig\_master\_host=host --orig\_master\_ip=ip --orig\_master\_port=port --new\_master\_host=host --new\_master\_ip=ip --new\_master\_port=port\\n";

注意：第一次配置需要去master上手动开启虚拟IP

\[root@master ~\]\# /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.191.200/24

(4)创建MHA软件目录并拷贝配置文件

\[root@manager ~\]\# mkdir /etc/masterha

\[root@manager ~\]\# cp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha/

\[root@manager ~\]\# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf

\[server default\]

\#manager配置文件

manager\_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log

\#manager日志

manager\_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1

\#master保存binlog的位置，这里的路径要与master里配置的bilog的相同

master\_binlog\_dir=/home/mysql

\#设置自动failover时候的切换脚本。也就是上边的那个脚本

master\_ip\_failover\_script=/usr/local/bin/master\_ip\_failover

\#设置手动切换时候的切换脚本

master\_ip\_online\_change\_script=/usr/local/bin/master\_ip\_online\_change

\#这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码

password=manager

ping\_interval=1

remote\_workdir=/tmp

\#设置复制用户密码

repl\_password=123

\#设置复制用户的用户

repl\_user=myslave

\#设置发生切换后发生报警的脚本

secondary\_check\_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha\_secondary\_check -s 192.168.150.158 -s 192.168.150.244

\#设置故障发生关闭故障脚本主机

shutdown\_script=""

\#设置ssh的登录用户名

ssh\_user=root

\#设置监控用户

user=mha

\[server1\]

hostname=192.168.150.240

port=3306

\[server2\]

\#设置为候选master，如果设置该参数以后，发送主从切换以后将会从此从库升级为主库

candidate\_master=1

\#默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs的话，MHA将不会选择该slave为新的master

check\_repl\_delay=0

hostname=192.168.150.158

port=3306

\[server3\]

hostname=192.168.150.244

port=3306

测试

SSH免交互登陆(manager节点

\[root@manager ~\]\# masterha\_check\_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

···省略部分内容

\#如果正常会输出successfully

Sun Jan 12 19:19:11 2020 - \[info\] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.

启动MHA，查看MHA状态

\#启动MHA，放在后台运行

\[root@manager ~\]\# nohup masterha\_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove\_dead\_master\_conf --ignore\_last\_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &

\[1\] 13525

\#查看MHA状态，可以看到当前的master是mysql节点

\[root@manager ~\]\# masterha\_check\_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

app1 (pid:13525) is running(0:PING\_OK), master:192.168.191.200

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