rsync+inotify实现实时同步

Love The Way You Lie 2023-01-06 01:19 160阅读 0赞

rsync命令：实现本地主机和远程主机之间文件同步，但是不能实现远程主机到远程主机的文件同步，可以实现增量同步  
用法：  
– rsync \[选项…\] 源目录 目标目录  
• 同步与复制的差异  
– 复制:完全拷贝源到目标  
– 同步:增量拷贝,只传输变化过的数据  
• rsync常用选项  
– -n：测试同步过程,不做实际修改  
– --delete：删除目标文件夹内多余的文档  
– -a：归档模式,相当于-rlptgoD  
– -v：显示详细操作信息  
– -z：传输过程中启用压缩/解压  
• 本地同步  
– rsync \[选项…\] 本地目录1 本地目录2 //同步整个文件夹  
– rsync \[选项…\] 本地目录1/ 本地目录2 //只同步目录下的数据  
实例：  
**注意源目录后面是否要带反斜杠**  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rsync -av /nsd20 /todir/ \#会直接同步nsd20整个目录  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rsync -av /nsd20/ /todir/ \#只同步目录下面的数据  
如果要使源和目标目录的数据保持一致，可以加–delete参数，这个参数会删除目标目录里多余的文件  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rsync -av --delete /nsd20/ /todir/

• 远程同步  
– rsync \[选项…\] 本地目录/ user@host:远程目录 //将本地文件同步到远程主机  
– rsync \[选项…\] user@host:远程目录 本地目录/ //将远程文件同步到本地目录  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rsync -av --delete /todir/ root@192.168.4.207:/opt/  
\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#  
inotify软件介绍  
• 基本用法  
– inotifywait \[选项\] 目标文件夹

• 常用命令选项  
–m：持续监控（捕获一个事件后不退出）  
–r：递归监控、包括子目录及文件  
–q：减少屏幕输出信息  
–e：指定监视的事件类别（modify、move、create、delete、attrib），不写-e表示全部监控  
\[root@svr7 inotify-tools-3.13\]\# inotifywait -rq /todir/ \#监控  
另外开一个终端，测试  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# touch /todir/3.txt  
回到之前的终端查看  
\[root@svr7 inotify-tools-3.13\]\# inotifywait -rq /todir/ \#捕捉完时间之后直接退出  
/todir/ CREATE 3.txt

加上-m选项，测试  
\[root@svr7 inotify-tools-3.13\]\# inotifywait -rqm /todir/  
另外开一个终端，测试  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# touch /todir/4.txt  
回到之前的终端查看  
\[root@svr7 inotify-tools-3.13\]\# inotifywait -rqm /todir/ \#持续监控，不退出  
/todir/ CREATE 4.txt  
/todir/ OPEN 4.txt  
/todir/ ATTRIB 4.txt  
/todir/ CLOSE\_WRITE,CLOSE 4.txt

删除3.txt 和 4.txt  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rm -rf /todir/3.txt  
\[root@svr7 ~\]\# rm -rf /todir/4.txt  
另一终端查看  
\[root@svr7 inotify-tools-3.13\]\# inotifywait -rqm /todir/  
……  
/todir/ DELETE 3.txt  
/todir/ DELETE 4.txt  
使用rsync+inotifywait实现实时同步  
需要事先在两台主机上配置免密登录  
\[root@ansible day06\]\# **ssh-keygen**  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.  
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id\_rsa):  
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):  
Enter same passphrase again:  
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.  
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub.  
The key fingerprint is:  
SHA256:0XRxSnNewMUnUiMmehrOBeqh9+4UwMy5p9LplpFRx6s root@ansible  
The key’s randomart image is:  
±–\[RSA 2048\]----+  
| …o B+*+o|  
| + o.=o=.Booo|  
| O.+.+…|  
| o.* \*. |  
| . +oS. |  
| oo=E. |  
| . +oo |  
| ooo |  
| …o |  
±—\[SHA256\]-----+  
\[root@ansible day06\]\# **ssh-copy-id** **192.168.1.89**  
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub”  
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.89 (192.168.1.89)’ can’t be established.  
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mwNUzyn/tHkibtWJc8DWV5pRGwICe3TZ4XyjNtskWNI.  
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:c2:b9:67:82:f1:69:52:27:14:7e:2c:3c:d3:50:af:6a.  
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed  
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed – if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys  
root@192.168.1.89’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh ‘192.168.1.89’”  
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

编写实时同步脚本  
\#!/bin/bash  
FROM\_DIR="/var/www/html/"  
RSYNC\_CMD=“rsync -az --delete $FROM\_DIR root@192.168.1.89:/var/www/html”  
while inotifywait -rqq -e modify,move,create,delete,attrib $FROM\_DIR  
do  
$RSYNC\_CMD  
done &  
其中-qq为不显示输出信息