SpringBoot(三) 启动过程扩展知识点

旧城等待， 2023-01-01 02:45 98阅读 0赞

下面扩展下上文步骤涉及的一些功能点  
**Context、Listener、BeanPostProcesser**分析

#### Context ####

上下文是啥？Spring最核心的功能是IOC容器，BeanFactory是一个顶级接口，只提供基础功能。ApplicationContext(也是接口)继承自BeanFactory，同时增加了很多接口用于扩展功能如事件监听、加载文件资源、国际化等。上下文一般指ApplicationContext的实现以及其派生实现，用以支持更多扩展功能，使spring的bean工厂越来越强大。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTIwOTgwMjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

#### Listener ####

先说说监听器Listener，监听什么呢？监听上下文，也就是上面提到的applicationContext，上下文会在应用启动过程中发布很多事件（如启、停、刷新事件等，顶级类为ApplicationEvent），而上下文监听器注册到上下文中以后，会监听自己关注的事件，然后做一些处理（仅为匹配的事件对象调用侦听器）。

上下文抽象类AbstractApplicationContext提供了发布事件的方法：

public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) { 
        this.publishEvent(event, (ResolvableType)null);
    }

而ApplicationListener接口提供了监听事件的方法，前面提到的11个监听器都会实现各自的监听方法，区别在于事件可能不一样，但都继承与ApplicationEvent。

public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener { 
        void onApplicationEvent(E var1);
    }

挑一个监听器看看都做了什么：ClearCachesApplicationListener

上下文加载完成后清理缓存，具体就是清理掉反射工具类缓存以及调用类加载器的clearCache方法逐级清理加载器缓存。

/** * {@link ApplicationListener} to cleanup caches once the context is loaded. * * @author Phillip Webb */
    class ClearCachesApplicationListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> { 
    
       @Override
       public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) { 
          ReflectionUtils.clearCache();
          clearClassLoaderCaches(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
       }
    
       private void clearClassLoaderCaches(ClassLoader classLoader) { 
          if (classLoader == null) { 
             return;
          }
          try { 
             Method clearCacheMethod = classLoader.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("clearCache");
             clearCacheMethod.invoke(classLoader);
          }
          catch (Exception ex) { 
             // Ignore
          }
          clearClassLoaderCaches(classLoader.getParent());
       }
    
    }

何时清理呢？自然是上下文加载完成后主动广播发布一个事件：我加载好了！监听器收到广播通知发现正是自己监听的事件，好家伙，等你好久了，终于可以干活了。

再看下上下文何时何地发布这个事件的，finishRefresh在刷新容器的最后阶段执行，发布一个ContextRefreshedEvent事件

protected void finishRefresh() { 
        this.clearResourceCaches();
        this.initLifecycleProcessor();
        this.getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();
        this.publishEvent((ApplicationEvent)(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this)));
        LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
    }

何时注册到上下文开始监听呢？在prepareContext准备上下文时就开始陆续注册不同的监听器。准备上下文后面详解，这里大致介绍下，调用相关postProcesser处理context, 然后应用applyInitializers(此时有几个initializer会加入到监听者里)，调用 listeners.contextPrepared(context)执行initializer监听器的处理动作; prepareContext的末尾调用listeners.contextLoaded(context);将SpringApplication 的applicationListener（创建时匹配到的，上文提到的11个）加入到上下文监听者里（后续刷新容器时还有些新的监听器会加入监听者集合里），然后当上下文发布事件是，监听者开始干活。

#### BeanPostProcesser ####

##### BeanPostProcessor简介 #####

俗称bean的后置处理器，**spring容器启动过程中多次参与bean实例化，不同时机不同切入点执行匹配的处理器对bean进行增强处理**。

/** * Factory hook that allows for custom modification of new bean instances — * for example, checking for marker interfaces or wrapping beans with proxies. * * <p>Typically, post-processors that populate beans via marker interfaces * or the like will implement {@link #postProcessBeforeInitialization}, * while post-processors that wrap beans with proxies will normally * implement {@link #postProcessAfterInitialization}. * * <h3>Registration</h3> * <p>An {@code ApplicationContext} can autodetect {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans * in its bean definitions and apply those post-processors to any beans subsequently * created. A plain {@code BeanFactory} allows for programmatic registration of * post-processors, applying them to all beans created through the bean factory. * * <h3>Ordering</h3> * <p>{@code BeanPostProcessor} beans that are autodetected in an * {@code ApplicationContext} will be ordered according to * {@link org.springframework.core.PriorityOrdered} and * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} semantics. In contrast, * {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans that are registered programmatically with a * {@code BeanFactory} will be applied in the order of registration; any ordering * semantics expressed through implementing the * {@code PriorityOrdered} or {@code Ordered} interface will be ignored for * programmatically registered post-processors. Furthermore, the * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation is not * taken into account for {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Sam Brannen * @since 10.10.2003 * @see InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor * @see DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor * @see ConfigurableBeanFactory#addBeanPostProcessor * @see BeanFactoryPostProcessor */
    public interface BeanPostProcessor

允许对一个新的bean实例进行自定义修改。Factory hook，工厂沟子…意思是采用hook的方式实现的，hook—一种程序处理机制，据说在windows系统中很常见很重要(咱也不了解，不细究)。  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020122916120328.png]  
使用hook方式对bean的新创建的实例进行自定义修改是什么意思呢？或许使用回调来描述更容易一些，在bean实例化之前和之后，提供回调方法，对需要实例化的bean为所欲为，可以修改，也可以替换（重新生成一个，如aop代理），当然 也可以啥都不做！具体想干啥，取决于这个“自定义”，框架帮我们自定义了一些处理，我们自己也可以使用这个特性做些小动作，如在bean实例化前后对其进行监控，或满足特定条件给他换个子类实例，或者…仅仅想打印一句：hello world。

##### BeanPostProcessor原理 #####

如何回调呢，这个就要看spring实例化bean时的初始化代码了，spring启动过程中初始化单例bean时，先创建对象实例，然后填充属性，然后执行初始化方法。下面看下如何执行初始化方法  
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前置处理方法：

@Override
    public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
          throws BeansException { 
    
       Object result = existingBean;
       for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) { 
          Object current = processor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName);
          if (current == null) { 
             return result;
          }
          result = current;
       }
       return result;
    }

后置处理方法

@Override
    public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
          throws BeansException { 
    
       Object result = existingBean;
       for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) { 
          Object current = processor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
          if (current == null) { 
             return result;
          }
          result = current;
       }
       return result;
    }

入参传的是已经实例化且填充过属性的bean，可以看到如果经过前置或者后置的处理，一旦有所返回，则会影响最终初始化方法的返回值，也就允许可以修改甚至替换实例化对象的。(多提一句：java是值传递，传入的是对象地址，可以根据入参对象地址定位并修改原始对象，如果需要替换对象，则只能返回新对象，挤掉原有对象)。

##### BeanPostProcessor扩展 #####

关于bean的后置处理其实不仅限于此，这里只是初始化时对bean进行前后处理，springbean创建过程中其实不止一处用到了bean后置处理，只不过实现的都是BeanPostProcessor的派生，毕竟初始化的前后处理也只能用到初始化时，前面提到的创建，填充其实也有类似需求。初次看源码时，对代码中各种调用BeanPostProcessor进行处理看的那叫一个云里雾里，其实仔细看执行的方法名，也是有差异的，下面列举几个例子：

实例化后，填充属性前，需要解决循环依赖，因为可能存在aop循环依赖，需要提前生成代理对象，这里就用到了一种bean的后处理：SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor. getEarlyBeanReference

/** * Obtain a reference for early access to the specified bean, * typically for the purpose of resolving a circular reference. * @param beanName the name of the bean (for error handling purposes) * @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean * @param bean the raw bean instance * @return the object to expose as bean reference */
    protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) { 
       Object exposedObject = bean;
       if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) { 
          for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) { 
             if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) { 
                SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
             }
          }
       }
       return exposedObject;
    }

之后的填充属性，又用到了一种bean后处理器：InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor，而且还是个双黄蛋。

1.  InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor. postProcessAfterInstantiation
2.  InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor. postProcessProperties

如果1中提前处理了属性注入，则直接返回，即属性填充结束  
否则使用自动注入处理器处理属性填充操作。

// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
    // state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
    // to support styles of field injection.
    if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) { 
       for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) { 
          if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) { 
             InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
             if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) { 
                return;
             }
          }
       }
    }
    
    for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) { 
       if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) { 
          InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
          PropertyValues pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
          if (pvsToUse == null) { 
             if (filteredPds == null) { 
                filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
             }
             pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
             if (pvsToUse == null) { 
                return;
             }
          }
          pvs = pvsToUse;
       }
    }

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[2020122916120328.png]: /images/20221120/4f19ad79e0c2437a953d2ed7245d6693.png
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