SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（6）-- SpringCloud Stream消息驱动

水深无声 2022-12-29 14:09 235阅读 0赞

## 上一篇：[SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（5）-- Gateway新一代网关][SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_5_-- Gateway] ##

### 一、消息驱动概述 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

#### 1、是什么 ####

##### ①、一句话 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
屏蔽底层消息中间件的差异，降低切换版本，统一消息的编程模型

##### ②、官网 #####

[https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-stream\#overview][https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud-stream_overview]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201224230021404.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
[https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-stream/3.0.1.RELEASE/reference/html/][https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_spring-cloud-stream_3.0.1.RELEASE_reference_html]  
Spring Cloud Stream中文指导手册  
[https://m.wang1314.com/doc/webapp/topic/20971999.html][https_m.wang1314.com_doc_webapp_topic_20971999.html]

#### 2、设计思想 ####

##### ①、标准MQ #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
生产者/消费者之间靠消息媒介传递信息内容：Message  
消息必须走特定的通道：消息通道MessageChannel  
消息通道里的消息如何被消费呢，谁负责收发处理：消息通道MessageChannel的子接口SubscribableChannel,由MessageHandler消息处理器订阅

##### ②、为什么用Cloud Stream #####

![在这里插入图片描述][20201224235801478.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
stream凭什么可以统一底层差异  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201224235842570.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
Binder  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201225000037434.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
INPUT对应于消费者，OUTPUT对应于生产者

##### ③、Stream中的消息通信方式遵循了发布-订阅模式 #####

Topic主题进行广播  
在RabbitMQ就是Exchange，在kafka中就是Topic

#### 3、Spring Cloud Stream标准流程套路 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

##### ①、Binder #####

很方便的连接中间件，屏蔽差异

##### ②、Channel #####

通道，是队列Queue的一种抽象，在消息通讯系统中就是实现存储和转发的媒介，通过对Channel对队列进行配置

##### ③、Source和Sink #####

简单的可理解为参照对象是Spring Cloud Stream自身，从Stream发布消息就是输出，接受消息就是输入

#### 4、编码API和常用注解 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

### 二、案例说明 ###

安装好RabbitMQ环境，工程中新建三个子模块  
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801,作为生产者进行发消息模块  
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802,作为消息接收模块  
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803,作为消息接收模块

### 三、消息驱动之生产者 ###

#### 1、新建Module ####

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801

#### 2、POM ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801</artifactId>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

#### 3、YML ####

server:
      port: 8801
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-stream-provider
      cloud:
        stream:
          binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
            defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
              type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
              environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
                spring:
                  rabbitmq:
                    host: localhost
                    port: 5672
                    username: guest
                    password: guest
          bindings: # 服务的整合处理
            output: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
              destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
              content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为json，文本则设置“text/plain”
              binder: defaultRabbit  # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置
    
    eureka:
      client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
      instance:
        lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
        lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
        instance-id: send-8801.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
        prefer-ip-address: true # 访问的路径变为IP地址

#### 4、主启动类StreamMQMain8801 ####

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class StreamMQMain8801 { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8801.class, args);
        }
    }

#### 5、业务类 ####

##### ①、发送消息接口 #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
    
    
    public interface IMessageProvider
    { 
        public String send();
    }

##### ②、发送消息接口实现类 #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
    import org.springframework.integration.support.MessageBuilderFactory;
    import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
    import org.springframework.integration.support.MessageBuilder;
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Source;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    @EnableBinding(Source.class) //定义消息的推送管道
    public class MessageProviderImpl implements IMessageProvider
    { 
        @Resource
        private MessageChannel output; // 消息发送管道
    
        @Override
        public String send()
        { 
            String serial = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            output.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload(serial).build());
            System.out.println("*****serial: "+serial);
            return null;
        }
    }

##### ③、Controller #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    @RestController
    public class SendMessageController
    { 
        @Resource
        private IMessageProvider messageProvider;
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/sendMessage")
        public String sendMessage()
        { 
            return messageProvider.send();
        }
    
    }

#### 6、测试 ####

##### ①、启动7001eureka #####

##### ②、启动rabbitmq #####

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq\_management  
http://localhost:15672/

##### ③、启动8801 #####

##### ④、访问 #####

http://localhost:8801/sendMessage

### 四、消息驱动之消费者 ###

#### 1、新建Module ####

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802

#### 2、POM ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
    
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

#### 3、YML ####

server:
      port: 8802
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-stream-consumer
      cloud:
        stream:
          binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
            defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
              type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
              environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
                spring:
                  rabbitmq:
                    host: localhost
                    port: 5672
                    username: guest
                    password: guest
          bindings: # 服务的整合处理
            input: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
              destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
              content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为json，文本则设置“text/plain”
              binder: defaultRabbit  # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置
    
    eureka:
      client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
      instance:
        lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
        lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
        instance-id: receive-8802.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
        prefer-ip-address: true # 访问的路径变为IP地址

#### 4、主启动类StreamMQMain8802 ####

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class StreamMQMain8802 { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8802.class, args);
        }
    
    }

#### 5、业务类 ####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
    import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    @EnableBinding(Sink.class)
    public class ReceiveMessageListenerController { 
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
    
        @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
        public void input(Message<String> message) { 
            System.out.println("消费者1号，接受："+message.getPayload()+"\t port:"+serverPort);
        }
    
    }

#### 6、测试8801发送8802接收消息 ####

http://localhost:8801/sendMessage  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

### 五、分组消费与持久化 ###

#### 1、依照8802，clone出来一份运行8803 ####

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803

##### ①、POM #####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

##### ②、YML #####

server:
      port: 8803
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-stream-consumer
      cloud:
          stream:
            binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
              defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
                type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
                environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
                  spring:
                    rabbitmq:
                      host: localhost
                      port: 5672
                      username: guest
                      password: guest
            bindings: # 服务的整合处理
              input: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
                destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
                content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为对象json，如果是文本则设置“text/plain”
                binder: defaultRabbit # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置
                group: atguiguA
    
    eureka:
      client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
      instance:
        lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
        lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
        instance-id: receive-8803.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
        prefer-ip-address: true # 访问的路径变为IP地址

##### ③、主启动类 #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class StreamMQMain8803
    { 
        public static void main(String[] args)
        { 
            SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8803.class,args);
        }
    }

##### ④、业务类 #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
    import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component
    @EnableBinding(Sink.class)
    public class ReceiveMessageListenerController
    { 
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
    
    
        @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
        public void input(Message<String> message)
        { 
            System.out.println("消费者2号,----->接受到的消息: "+message.getPayload()+"\t port: "+serverPort);
        }
    }

#### 2、启动 ####

RabbitMQ  
服务注册7001  
消息生产8801  
消息消费8802  
消息消费8803

#### 3、运行后两个问题 ####

有重复消费问题，消息持久化问题

#### 4、消费 ####

目前是8802/8803同时都收到了，存在重复消费问题  
http://localhost:8801/sendMessage  
如何解决？  
分组和持久化属性group  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

#### 5、分组 ####

原理：微服务应用放置于同一个group中，就能够保证消息只会被其中一个应用消费一次。不同的组是可以消费的，同一个组内会发生竞争关系，只有其中一个可以消费。  
8802/8803都变成不同组，group两个不同。  
group: atguiguA、atguiguB  
8802修改YML

group:  atguiguA

8803修改YML

group:  atguiguB

我们自己配置  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
结论:还是重复消费  
8802/8803实现了轮询分组，每次只有一个消费者 8801模块的发的消息只能被8802或8803其中一个接收到，这样避免了重复消费  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

#### 6、持久化 ####

##### ①、通过上述，解决了重复消费问题，再看看持久化 #####

##### ②、停止8802/8803并去除掉8802的分组group:atguiguA #####

8803的分组group:atguiguA没有去掉

##### ③、8801先发送4条信息到rabbitmq #####

##### ④、先启动8802，无分组属性配置，后台没有打出来消息 #####

##### ⑤、先启动8803，有分组属性配置，后台打出来了MQ上的消息 #####

## 下一篇：[SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（7）-- SpringCloud Sleuth分布式请求链路追踪][SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_7_-- SpringCloud Sleuth] ##

[SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_5_-- Gateway]: https://blog.csdn.net/exodus3/article/details/111083614
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[https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud-stream_overview]: https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-stream#overview
[20201224230021404.png]: /images/20221120/e3c3d5dea1f4457ea2746b9fb359c930.png
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[https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_spring-cloud-stream_3.0.1.RELEASE_reference_html]: https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-stream/3.0.1.RELEASE/reference/html/
[https_m.wang1314.com_doc_webapp_topic_20971999.html]: https://m.wang1314.com/doc/webapp/topic/20971999.html
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[SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_7_-- SpringCloud Sleuth]: https://blog.csdn.net/exodus3/article/details/111713505