VMWare 11安装RedHat Linux 7过程中碰到的坑

迷南。 2022-12-28 14:30 121阅读 0赞

VMWare11安装RedHat Linux 7过程中会碰到一些坑，这里列举一些。

**问题1**

RedHat7安装的时候选择的是简体中文，安装完成，想改成英文。

修改配置文件，/etc/locale.conf，

将：LANG="zh\_CN.UTF-8"

修改为：LANG="en\_US.UTF-8"

重启系统即可。

**问题2**

防火墙临时关闭，

systemctl stop firewalld

防火墙永久关闭，

syustemctl disable firewalld

Linux 6和Linux 7的防火墙设置有些区别，可以参考《[探索Linux 6和7的防火墙][Linux 6_7]》。

**问题3**

如何修改当前系统时间？Linux 7中用到了timedatectl，该指令是作为systemd系统和服务管理器的一部分分发的工具，可以用他来查看和更改系统时钟的配置，包括更改当前的日期和时间、设置时区以及可以激活与远端服务器系统时钟的自动同步，是红帽企业版7版本新增的命令。timedatectl或者timedatectl status，可以看当前信息，

[root@bisal ~]# timedatectl
          Local time: Sun 2020-12-06 03:49:15 CST
      Universal time: Sat 2020-12-05 19:49:15 UTC
            RTC time: Sat 2020-12-05 19:44:03
           Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
         NTP enabled: yes
    NTP synchronized: no
     RTC in local TZ: no
          DST active: n/a

修改当前时间，提示错误，

[root@bisal ~]# timedatectl set-time 15:00:00
    Failed to set time: Automatic time synchronization is enabled

此时，可以关闭NTP，暂停自动同步，NTP enabled改为了no，

[root@bisal ~]# timedatectl set-ntp no
    [root@bisal ~]# timedatectl 
          Local time: Sun 2020-12-06 03:53:01 CST
      Universal time: Sat 2020-12-05 19:53:01 UTC
            RTC time: Sat 2020-12-05 19:47:37
           Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
         NTP enabled: no
    NTP synchronized: no
     RTC in local TZ: no
          DST active: n/a

再次设置，更改成功了，

[root@bisal ~]# timedatectl set-time '16:42:25'
    [root@bisal ~]# timedatectl 
          Local time: Sun 2020-12-06 16:42:30 CST
      Universal time: Sun 2020-12-06 08:42:30 UTC
            RTC time: Sun 2020-12-06 08:42:30
           Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
         NTP enabled: no
    NTP synchronized: no
     RTC in local TZ: no
          DST active: n/a

**问题4**

宿主机和虚拟机之间的网络连通性，虚拟机网络适配器选择“NAT模式”，通常情况下，宿主机就可以ping通虚拟机了，如果宿主机和外网是通的，此时在虚拟机中就可以访问外网了，

![format_png][]

**问题5**

yum install提示错误，

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

这是因为红帽的企业版Linux系统RHEL是收费的，必须要注册才可正常使用。这时替代方案，就是替掉原版的yum，安装一个免费的yum源，例如CentOS(CentOS已经被红帽收购，且跟RHEL系统没多大区别，最主要还是可以免费使用)，将RHEL7的yum源更换为CentOS7的。

1.检查并删除原有的yum源

rpm -qa | grep yum

一般出现6个，

![format_png 1][]

2.下载安装CentOS的yum源

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
    wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
    wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm

为了防止几个包安装时有互相依赖，使用rpm -ivh yum\*命令一次性安装三个包。检查yum是否安装成功：

rpm -qa |grep yum

3.配置repo文件

在/etc目录下重命名备份原来的repo，

mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.backup

/etc下建一个新的yum.repos.d目录

mkdir yum.repos.d

下载一个CentOS的repo，

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

打开CentOS7-Base-163.repo，

# CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
    [base]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #released updates
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

可以用快捷方式，

:%s@$releasever@7@g

将其中的$releasever全部替换成版本号，

# CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
    [base]
    name=CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com 
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #released updates
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com 
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com 
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com 
    baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

yum clean all，清理缓存，

[root@bisal yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
    This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
    Cleaning repos: base extras updates

yum makecache，重新生成缓存，期间可能还会出现未注册的提示，

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
    This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
    Determining fastest mirrors
    base                                                                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/10): base/x86_64/group_gz                                                                               | 153 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/10): base/x86_64/primary_db                                                                             | 6.1 MB  00:00:03     
    (3/10): extras/x86_64/primary_db                                                                           | 222 kB  00:00:01     
    (4/10): extras/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                         | 224 kB  00:00:01     
    (5/10): extras/x86_64/other_db                                                                             | 134 kB  00:00:00     
    (6/10): base/x86_64/other_db                                                                               | 2.6 MB  00:00:02     
    (7/10): updates/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                        | 2.1 MB  00:00:01     
    (8/10): updates/x86_64/other_db                                                                            | 227 kB  00:00:00     
    (9/10): updates/x86_64/primary_db                                                                          | 3.7 MB  00:00:03     
    (10/10): base/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                          | 7.2 MB  00:00:10     
    Metadata Cache Created

yum repolist all查看是否成功，

[root@bisal yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
    This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    repo id                                             repo name                                                      status
    base/x86_64                                         CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                                      enabled: 10,072
    centosplus/x86_64                                   CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com                                      disabled
    extras/x86_64                                       CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com                                    enabled:    448
    updates/x86_64                                      CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com                                   enabled:    775
    repolist: 11,295

**问题6**

vmware-tool安装过程中，错误提示，

(process:17532): GLib-CRITICAL **: g_file_test: assertion 'filename != NULL' failed

安装这些包，

[root@bisal yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ automake make kernel-devel

**问题7**

vmware设置共享文件夹，但是登录/mnt/hgfs，内容是空的。

vmware-hgfsclient指令用于查看当前有哪些共享目录，同样是空的，

[root@bisal C]# vmware-hgfsclient
    C

用如下指令，挂载共享文件夹，

mount -t fuse.vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs

此时，vmware-hgfsclient，可以看到当前的共享文件夹了，

[root@bisal C]# vmware-hgfsclient
    C

参考文献，

https://blog.csdn.net/otmqixi/article/details/81564515

https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_28401965/article/details/82019139

https://blog.csdn.net/mingtianwendy/article/details/78393583

https://blog.csdn.net/Paranoid\_cc/article/details/81455061

https://blog.csdn.net/xzm5708796/article/details/103733211

[Linux 6_7]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea815f3eddf6d6288f33f3d784f9e8360b9012c82c795b70a7f6890a178551411e4bf9da47c6&idx=1&mid=2247490253&scene=21&sn=e85a66abc24e5cd2dd456c995080c485#wechat_redirect
[format_png]: /images/20221120/69d1584ab5af4cb8ab107c711a785cd0.png
[format_png 1]: /images/20221120/50ee06ee6adc49f7b4ee64f73f728d83.png