项目--后端--HTTPS

妖狐艹你老母 2022-12-28 02:00 170阅读 0赞

原文网址：[项目--后端--HTTPS\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客][--_--HTTPS_IT_-CSDN]

# 简介 #

**其他网址**

> [SpringBoot 2安装SSL配置HTTPS，实现HTTP自动跳转HTTPS或同时支持访问 - 码问][SpringBoot 2_SSL_HTTPS_HTTP_HTTPS_ -]

**SSL证书**

> 要使用https，首先需要ssl证书，获取SSL证书有两种方式：
> 
>  *  通过证书授权机构购买或者免费领取
>  *  自己通过keytool生成
> 
> **注意**
> 
>  *  一般实际使用时，通过证书授权机构购买。
>  *  腾讯云、阿里云、UCLOUD都提供免费的证书，可以去申请下载。  
>     腾讯云：[SSL证书\_免费SSL证书-付费SSL证书\_服务器证书 - 腾讯云][SSL_SSL_-_SSL_ -]

**SSL详细配置**

>     server.ssl.ciphers= # Supported SSL ciphers.
>     server.ssl.client-auth= # Whether client authentication is wanted ("want") or needed ("need"). Requires a trust store.
>     server.ssl.enabled= # Enable SSL support.
>     server.ssl.enabled-protocols= # Enabled SSL protocols.
>     server.ssl.key-alias= # Alias that identifies the key in the key store.
>     server.ssl.key-password= # Password used to access the key in the key store.
>     server.ssl.key-store= # Path to the key store that holds the SSL certificate (typically a jks file).
>     server.ssl.key-store-password= # Password used to access the key store.
>     server.ssl.key-store-provider= # Provider for the key store.
>     server.ssl.key-store-type= # Type of the key store.
>     server.ssl.protocol=TLS # SSL protocol to use.
>     server.ssl.trust-store= # Trust store that holds SSL certificates.
>     server.ssl.trust-store-password= # Password used to access the trust store.
>     server.ssl.trust-store-provider= # Provider for the trust store.
>     server.ssl.trust-store-type= # Type of the trust store.
> 
> key-store-password：生成ssl证书时设置的密钥库的口令。
> 
> 如果server.port不配置，默认为443。

# 实例前提 #

**其他网址**

> [SpringBoot 2安装SSL配置HTTPS，实现HTTP自动跳转HTTPS或同时支持访问 - 码问][SpringBoot 2_SSL_HTTPS_HTTP_HTTPS_ -]  
> [spring boot支持https请求\_xqhys的博客-CSDN博客][spring boot_https_xqhys_-CSDN]
> 
> [让你的Spring Boot工程支持HTTP和HTTPS-阿里云开发者社区][Spring Boot_HTTP_HTTPS-]

**获取SSL证书**

> **作为演示，我们使用keytool生成**
> 
>     keytool -genkey -alias tomcat  -storetype PKCS12 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048  -keystore keystore.p12 -validity 3650
> 
>     输入密钥库口令:
>     再次输入新口令:
>     您的名字与姓氏是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  xxx
>     您的组织单位名称是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  xxx
>     您的组织名称是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  xxx
>     您所在的城市或区域名称是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  beijing
>     您所在的省/市/自治区名称是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  beijing
>     该单位的双字母国家/地区代码是什么?
>       [Unknown]:  china
>     CN=xxx, OU=xxx, O=xxx, L=beijing, ST=beijing, C=china是否正确?
>       [否]:  y
> 
> 会在当前目录下生成一个证书：keystore.p12，同时记住你在生成证书时候输入的密钥库口令。
> 
> 将keystore.p12放入resources目录下。

**参数详解**

> \-genkey ：生成key；  
> \-alias ：key的别名；  
> \-dname：指定证书拥有者信息  
> dname的值详解：  
> CN(Common Name名字与姓氏)  
> OU(Organization Unit组织单位名称)  
> O(Organization组织名称)  
> L(Locality城市或区域名称)  
> ST(State州或省份名称)  
> C(Country国家名称）  
> \-storetype ：密钥库的类型。常用的有JKS(默认),JCEKS(推荐),PKCS12,BKS,UBER。每个密钥库只可以是其中一种类型。  
> \-keyalg ：DSA或RSA算法(当使用-genkeypair参数)，DES或DESede或AES算法(当使用-genseckey参数)；  
> \-keysize ：密钥的长度为512至1024之间(64的倍数)  
> \-keystore ：证书库的名称  
> \-validity ： 指定创建的证书有效期多少天

# 只支持https请求 #

**application.yml**

server:
      port: 9443
      ssl:
        key-store: classpath:keystore.p12
        key-store-password: xxxxxx
        keyAlias: tomcat
        keyStoreType: PKCS12

**引入必要的依赖**

<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

**测试controller**

package com.example.demo.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
        @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String hello() {
            return "hello world";
        }
    }

**测试**

> 访问[https://localhost:9443/hello][https_localhost_9443_hello] //因为是自己生成的ssl证书，所以https请求是不被客户端识别的，会报不安全，可以将其添加到浏览器的“例外”中。项目中实际使用购买的ssl不存在此问题。
> 
> ![20201218132244533.png][]

> 访问：[http://localhost:9443/hello][http_localhost_9443_hello] //访问失败
> 
> ![20201218132429657.png][]

# http请求转换成https请求 #

**简介**

> Spring Boot不支持通过application.properties同时配置HTTP连接器和HTTPS连接器。因为通过程序的方式配置 HTTP 协议更加简单一点，所以，Spring Boot 推荐的做法是把 HTTPS 配置在配置文件，HTTP 通过程序来配置。

**application.yml**

>     server:
>       port: 9443
>       ssl:
>         key-store: classpath:keystore.p12
>         key-store-password: 222333
>         keyAlias: tomcat
>         keyStoreType: PKCS12

**配置类**

>     package com.example.demo.config;
>     
>     import org.apache.catalina.Context;
>     import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
>     import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityCollection;
>     import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityConstraint;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
>     
>     @Configuration
>     public class TomcatHttpConfig {
>         @Bean
>         public Connector connector(){
>             Connector connector=new Connector("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");
>             connector.setScheme("http");
>             //Connector监听的http的端口号
>             connector.setPort(8080);
>             connector.setSecure(false);
>             //监听到http的端口号后转向到的https的端口号
>             connector.setRedirectPort(443);
>             return connector;
>         }
>     
>         @Bean
>         public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(Connector connector){
>             TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat=new TomcatServletWebServerFactory(){
>                 @Override
>                 protected void postProcessContext(Context context) {
>                     SecurityConstraint securityConstraint=new SecurityConstraint();
>                     securityConstraint.setUserConstraint("CONFIDENTIAL");
>                     SecurityCollection collection=new SecurityCollection();
>                     collection.addPattern("/*");
>                     securityConstraint.addCollection(collection);
>                     context.addConstraint(securityConstraint);
>                 }
>             };
>             tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(connector);
>             return tomcat;
>         }
>     }

**测试**

> 访问：[http://localhost:8080/hello][http_localhost_8080_hello] //自动跳转到https://localhost:9443/hello
> 
> ![20201218132244533.png][]
> 
> 访问： [https://localhost:9443/hello][https_localhost_9443_hello]
> 
> ![20201218132244533.png][]

# 同时支持http和https请求 #

**application.yml**

>     server:
>       port: 9443
>       ssl:
>         key-store: classpath:keystore.p12
>         key-store-password: 222333
>         keyAlias: tomcat
>         keyStoreType: PKCS12

**配置类**

> **法1：直接创建http**
> 
>     package com.example.demo.config;
>     
>     import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
>     
>     @Configuration
>     public class TomcatHttpConfig {
>         @Bean
>         public ServletWebServerFactory serverFactory() {
>             TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
>             tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(createStandardConnector());
>             return tomcat;
>         }
>         private Connector createStandardConnector() {
>             Connector connector = new Connector("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");
>             connector.setPort(8080);
>             return connector;
>         }
>     }

> **法2：http隐式转为https** //相对“http请求转换成https请求”，只是将false改为true
> 
>     package com.example.demo.config;
>     
>     import org.apache.catalina.Context;
>     import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
>     import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityCollection;
>     import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityConstraint;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
>     
>     @Configuration
>     public class TomcatHttpConfig {
>         @Bean
>         public Connector connector(){
>             // 默认采用："org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
>             Connector connector=new Connector();
>             connector.setScheme("http");
>             //Connector监听的http的端口号
>             connector.setPort(8080);
>             connector.setSecure(true);
>             //监听到http的端口号后转向到的https的端口号
>             connector.setRedirectPort(443);
>             return connector;
>         }
>     
>         @Bean
>         public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(Connector connector){
>             TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat=new TomcatServletWebServerFactory(){
>                 @Override
>                 protected void postProcessContext(Context context) {
>                     SecurityConstraint securityConstraint=new SecurityConstraint();
>                     securityConstraint.setUserConstraint("CONFIDENTIAL");
>                     SecurityCollection collection=new SecurityCollection();
>                     collection.addPattern("/*");
>                     securityConstraint.addCollection(collection);
>                     context.addConstraint(securityConstraint);
>                 }
>             };
>             tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(connector);
>             return tomcat;
>         }
>     }

> **法3.WebServerFactoryCustomizer**
> 
> 其他网址
> 
> [Springboot项目同时支持http和https访问 | 极客空的小博客][Springboot_http_https_ _]

**测试**

> 项目启动
> 
>     2020-12-14 14:41:13.697  INFO 15480 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 443 (https) 8080 (http) with context path ''
> 
> 访问：[http://localhost:8080/hello][http_localhost_8080_hello]
> 
> ![20201214143635117.png][]
> 
> 访问：[https://localhost:9443/hello][https_localhost_9443_hello]
> 
> ![20201218132244533.png][]

# 多个SSL证书 #

**其他网址**

> [Spring Boot HTTPS配置与后台调用-iTRunner-奔跑的猿-51CTO博客][Spring Boot HTTPS_-iTRunner-_-51CTO]

# 编程方式支持HTTPS #

**其他网址**

> [SpringBoot2.2 官方指导手册中文版3--嵌入式Web服务器][SpringBoot2.2 _3--_Web]  
> [enable-multiple-connectors-in-tomcat][] //SpringBoot 官网

**简介**

> 本处通过编程来支持https，所以，原来的http不用动，可以直接支持。

**放置keystore.p12**

> 放到：src/main/java/com/exmple/demo/config路径下

**application.yml**

>     server:
>       port: 9000
>     
>     custom:
>       https:
>         server:
>           port: 9443
>           ssl:
>             enabled: true
>             key-store: keystore.p12
>             key-store-password: 222333
>             keyAlias: tomcat
>             keyStoreType: PKCS12

**配置类**

>     package com.example.demo.config;
>     
>     import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
>     import org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol;
>     import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ServletWebServerFactory;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
>     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
>     import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
>     
>     import java.io.File;
>     import java.io.IOException;
>     
>     @Configuration
>     public class TomcatHttpsConfig {
>         @Value("${custom.https.server.port: 0}")
>         private Integer httpsPort;
>     
>         @Value("${custom.https.server.ssl.enabled: 0}")
>         private Boolean httpsEnabled;
>     
>         @Value("${custom.https.server.ssl.key-store:'keystore.p12'}")
>         private String keyStore;
>     
>         @Value("${custom.https.server.ssl.keyAlias:'tomcat'}")
>         private String kayAlias;
>     
>         @Value("${custom.https.server.ssl.key-store-password:'222333'}")
>         private String kayStorePassword;
>     
>         @Bean
>         public ServletWebServerFactory httpsFactory() {
>             TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
>             if (httpsEnabled) {
>                 tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(createSslConnector());
>             }
>             return tomcat;
>         }
>         private Connector createSslConnector() {
>             Connector connector = new Connector("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");
>             Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
>             try {
>                 File keyStoreFile = new ClassPathResource(keyStore).getFile();
>                 connector.setScheme("https");
>                 connector.setSecure(true);
>                 connector.setPort(httpsPort);
>                 protocol.setSSLEnabled(true);
>                 protocol.setKeystoreFile(keyStoreFile.getAbsolutePath());
>                 protocol.setKeystorePass(kayStorePassword);
>                 protocol.setKeyAlias(kayAlias);
>                 return connector;
>             }
>             catch (IOException ex) {
>                 throw new IllegalStateException("can't access keystore: [" + "keystore"
>                         + "] or truststore: [" + "keystore" + "]", ex);
>             }
>         }
>     }

**测试**

> 访问：[http://localhost:9000/hello][http_localhost_9000_hello]
> 
> ![20201218135214855.png][]
> 
> 访问：[https://localhost:9443/hello][https_localhost_9443_hello]
> 
> ![2020121813524953.png][]

[--_--HTTPS_IT_-CSDN]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/111152112
[SpringBoot 2_SSL_HTTPS_HTTP_HTTPS_ -]: http://www.mawen.co/question/712
[SSL_SSL_-_SSL_ -]: https://cloud.tencent.com/product/ssl
[spring boot_https_xqhys_-CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/xqhys/article/details/100097180
[Spring Boot_HTTP_HTTPS-]: https://developer.aliyun.com/article/54056
[https_localhost_9443_hello]: https://localhost:9443/hello
[20201218132244533.png]: /images/20221120/7822e1402bab4c7486dbed42fca13cb9.png
[http_localhost_9443_hello]: http://localhost:9443/hello
[20201218132429657.png]: /images/20221120/915ee01de67e446b8662b962797c5dec.png
[http_localhost_8080_hello]: http://localhost:8080/hello
[Springboot_http_https_ _]: https://www.lyzhxlove.top/2020/09/15/Springboot%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81http%E5%92%8Chttps%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE/
[20201214143635117.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201214143635117.png
[Spring Boot HTTPS_-iTRunner-_-51CTO]: https://blog.51cto.com/7308310/2333550
[SpringBoot2.2 _3--_Web]: http://www.1024sky.cn/blog/article/6
[enable-multiple-connectors-in-tomcat]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.x/reference/html/howto.html#howto-enable-multiple-connectors-in-tomcat
[http_localhost_9000_hello]: http://localhost:9000/hello
[20201218135214855.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201218135214855.png
[2020121813524953.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020121813524953.png