SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（5）-- Gateway新一代网关

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2022-12-28 00:43 110阅读 0赞

## 上一篇：[SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（4）-- OpenFeign服务接口调用][SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_4_-- OpenFeign] ##

### 一、概述简介 ###

#### 1、官网 ####

[https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/][https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_spring-cloud-gateway_2.2.1.RELEASE_reference_html]

#### 2、是什么 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][20201221211852171.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

##### ①、概述 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][20201221212029814.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

##### ②、一句话 #####

Spring Cloud Gateway 使用的Webflux中的reactor-netty响应式编程组件，底层使用了Netty通讯框架。  
源码架构：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

#### 3、能干嘛 ####

反向代理，鉴权，流量控制，熔断，日志监控

#### 4、微服务架构中网关在哪里 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

#### 5、有了Zuul了怎么又出来了gateway ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

### 二、三大核心概念 ###

#### 1、Route(路由) ####

路由是构建网关的基本模块，它由ID，目标URI，一系列的断言和过滤器组成，如果断言为true则匹配该路由

#### 2、Predicate（断言） ####

参考的是java8的java.util.function.Predicate开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容（例如请求头或请求参数），如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由

#### 3、Filter(过滤) ####

指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例，使用过滤器，可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。

#### 4、总体 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

### 三、Gateway工作流程 ###

#### 1、官网总结 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

#### 2、核心逻辑 ####

路由转发+执行过滤器链

### 四、入门配置 ###

#### 1、新建Module，cloud-gateway-gateway9527 ####

#### 2、POM ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloud-gateway-gateway9527</artifactId>
    
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

#### 3、YML ####

server:
      port: 9527
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-gateway
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
            - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
              uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
            - id: payment_routh2
              uri: http://localhost:8001
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: cloud-gateway-service
      client:
        service-url:
          register-with-eureka: true
          fetch-registry: true
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

#### 4、业务类 ####

无

#### 5、主启动类 ####

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
    
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class GateWayMain9527 { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
                SpringApplication.run( GateWayMain9527.class,args);
            }
    }

#### 6、9527网关如何做路由映射那？？？ ####

##### ①、cloud-provider-payment8001看看controller的访问地址 #####

get、lb

##### ②、我们目前不想暴露8001端口，希望在8001外面套一层9527 #####

#### 7、YML新增网关配置 ####

server:
      port: 9527
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-gateway
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
          uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
        - id: payment_routh2
          uri: http://localhost:8001
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: cloud-gateway-service
      client:
        service-url:
          register-with-eureka: true
          fetch-registry: true
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

#### 8、测试 ####

启动7001、启动8001（cloud-provider-payment8001）、启动9527网关  
访问说明  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
添加网关前  
http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
http://localhost:9527/payment/get/31  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

#### 9、YML配置说明 ####

Gateway网关路由有两种配置方式

##### ①、在配置文件yml中配置 #####

见前面步骤

##### ②、代码中注入RouteLocator的Bean #####

官网案例  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
百度国内新闻网址，需要外网  
[http://news.baidu.com/guoji][http_news.baidu.com_guoji]

### 五、通过微服务名实现动态路由 ###

默认情况下Gateway会根据注册中心的服务列表，以注册中心上微服务名为路径创建动态路由进行转发，从而实现动态路由的功能

#### 1、启动 ####

一个eureka7001+两个服务提供者8001/8002

#### 2、POM ####

无

#### 3、YML ####

server:
      port: 9527
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-gateway
      cloud:
        gateway:
          discovery:
            locator:
              enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
          routes:
            - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
              #uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
              uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
            - id: payment_routh2
              #uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
              uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
    
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: cloud-gateway-service
      client:
        service-url:
          register-with-eureka: true
          fetch-registry: true
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

需要注意的是uri的协议为lb，表示启用Gateway的负载均衡功能。  
lb://serviceName是spring cloud gateway在微服务中自动为我们创建的负载均衡uri

#### 4、测试 ####

http://localhost:9527/payment/lb  
8001/8002两个端口切换

### 六、Predicate的使用 ###

#### 1、是什么： ####

启动我们的gatewat9527  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

#### 2、Route Predicate Factories这个是什么东东？ ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

#### 3、常用的Route Predicate ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
小总结

server:
      port: 9527
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-gateway
      cloud:
        gateway:
          discovery:
            locator:
              enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
          routes:
            - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
              #uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
              uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
     
            - id: payment_routh2
              #uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
              uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
              predicates:
                - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
                #- After=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
                #- Cookie=username,zhangshuai #并且Cookie是username=zhangshuai才能访问
                #- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头中要有X-Request-Id属性并且值为整数的正则表达式
                #- Host=**.atguigu.com
                #- Method=GET
                #- Query=username, \d+ #要有参数名称并且是正整数才能路由
      
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: cloud-gateway-service
      client:
        service-url:
          register-with-eureka: true
          fetch-registry: true
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

说白了，Predicate就是为了实现一组匹配规则，让请求过来找到对应的Route进行处理

### 七、Filter的使用 ###

#### 1、是什么 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

#### 2、Spring Cloud Gateway的Filter ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

#### 3、常用的GatewayFilter ####

AddRequestParameter  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

#### 4、自定义过滤器 ####

自定义全局GlobalFilter

##### ①、两个主要接口介绍 #####

impiemerts GlobalFilter ，Ordered

##### ②、能干嘛 #####

全局日志记录，统一网关鉴权

##### ③、案例代码 #####

package com.atguigu.springcloud.filter;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter,Ordered { 
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { 
    
            log.info("*********come in MyLogGateWayFilter: "+new Date());
            String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("username");
            if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){ 
                log.info("*****用户名为Null 非法用户,(┬＿┬)");
                exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);//给人家一个回应
                return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
            }
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getOrder() { 
            return 0;
        }
    }

##### ④、测试 #####

启动  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V4b2R1czM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]  
http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?uname=z3

## 下一篇：[SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（6）-- SpringCloud Stream消息驱动][SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_6_-- SpringCloud Stream] ##

[SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_4_-- OpenFeign]: https://blog.csdn.net/exodus3/article/details/111414005
[https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_spring-cloud-gateway_2.2.1.RELEASE_reference_html]: https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/
[20201221211852171.png]: /images/20221120/132d82fd530644caaeb0e26a09001dff.png
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[20201221212029814.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201221212029814.png
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[http_news.baidu.com_guoji]: http://news.baidu.com/guoji
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[SpringCloud Hoxton_ _ SpringCloud alibaba_6_-- SpringCloud Stream]: https://blog.csdn.net/exodus3/article/details/111570767