【SpringBoot】原理分析（三）：内嵌 Tomcat（jar包）启动原理分析

傷城~ 2022-12-27 16:17 706阅读 0赞

在上一篇文章 [【SpringBoot】原理分析：启动流程源码分析][SpringBoot] 我们我分析了 SpringBoot 的启动流程，但是还有一个问题没解决，就是 tomcat 到底是如何启动的。所以，这篇我们就来看看内嵌 tomcat 和外部 tomcat 的启动原理。

> 先把两句最重要的结论放在这里：
> 
>  *  **SpringBoot 启动 jar 包是 IOC 容器带动了内嵌 tomcat 的启动**
>  *  **SpringBoot 启动 war 包是 外置的 tomcat 带动了 ioc 容器的启动**

下面进入正文部分…

## 内嵌Tomcat–jar包启动原理 ##

> 关于内嵌 Tomcat 可以看我的这篇文章 [【Tomcat】第九篇：手写嵌入式Tomcat插件（超简单）][Tomcat_Tomcat]…

内嵌 tomcat 的启动流程大致如下：

1.  org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication\#refreshContext
2.  org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext\#refresh
3.  org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext\#onRefresh
4.  org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext\#createWebServer
5.  org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory\#getWebServer

### refreshContext() ###

这个方法会在 SpringBoot 启动的 run 方法中调用，是初始化 IOC 容器的入口

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        
       // 调用 AbstractApplication#refresh 方法，去初始化IOC容器
       refresh(context);
       // 注册一个关闭容器时的钩子函数,在jvm关闭时调用
       if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
        
          try {
        
             context.registerShutdownHook();
          }
          catch (AccessControlException ex) {
        
             // Not allowed in some environments.
          }
       }
    }

### refresh() ###

@Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        
       synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        
          // Prepare this context for refreshing.
          // 1.调用容器准备刷新的方法，获取容器的当时时间，同时给容器设置同步标识
          prepareRefresh();
    
          // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
          // 2.告诉子类启动refreshBeanFactory()方法，Bean定义资源文件的载入从子类的refreshBeanFactory()方法启动
          ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    
          // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
          // 3.为BeanFactory配置容器特性，例如类加载器、事件处理器等
          prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
          try {
        
             // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
             // 4.为容器的某些子类指定特殊的BeanPost事件处理器
             postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
             // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
             // 5.调用所有注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessor的Bean
             invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
             // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
             // 6.为BeanFactory注册BeanPost事件处理器.BeanPostProcessor是Bean后置处理器，用于监听容器触发的事件
             registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
             // Initialize message source for this context.
             // 7.初始化信息源，和国际化相关.
             initMessageSource();
    
             // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
             // 8.初始化容器事件传播器.
             initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    
             // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
             // 9.调用子类的某些特殊Bean初始化方法
             onRefresh();
    
             // Check for listener beans and register them.
             // 10.为事件传播器注册事件监听器.
             registerListeners();
    
             // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
             // 11.初始化所有剩余的单例Bean
             finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    
             // Last step: publish corresponding event.
             // 12.初始化容器的生命周期事件处理器，并发布容器的生命周期事件
             finishRefresh();
          }
    
          catch (BeansException ex) {
        
             if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
        
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                      "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
             }
    
             // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
             // 13.销毁已创建的Bean
             destroyBeans();
    
             // Reset 'active' flag.
             // 14.取消refresh操作，重置容器的同步标识。
             cancelRefresh(ex);
    
             // Propagate exception to caller.
             throw ex;
          }
    
          finally {
        
             // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
             // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
             // 15.重设公共缓存
             resetCommonCaches();
          }
       }
    }

这里我们继续看 onRefresh 方法

### onRefresh() ###

protected void onRefresh() throws BeansException {
        
       // For subclasses: do nothing by default. 
       // 给子类去实现
    }

下面，我们打开实现类 ServletWebServerApplicationContext 的 onRefresh 方法

protected void onRefresh() {
        
       super.onRefresh();
       try {
        
         // 创建嵌入式Servlet服务器
         // 注：到这里时已经创建好了SpringBoot应用上下文
          createWebServer();
       }
       catch (Throwable ex) {
        
          throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
       }
    }

### createWebServer() ###

private void createWebServer() {
        
       // 获取当前的WebServer
       WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
       // 获取当前的ServletContext
       ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
       // 第一次进来，webServer和servletContext 默认都为null，会进入这里
       if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
        
           // 获取Servlet服务器工厂
          StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");
          // 工厂方法，获取Servlet服务器，并作为AbstractApplicationContext的一个属性进行设置。
          // 该会创建DispatcherServlet对象，并添加到beanFactory中去，对应的beanName为dispatcherServlet
          ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
          createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
          // 这个方法为wrapper设置了servletClass为DispatcherServlet
          this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
          createWebServer.end();
          getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown",
                new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));
          getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop",
                new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));
       }
       else if (servletContext != null) {
        
          try {
        
             getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
          }
          catch (ServletException ex) {
        
             throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
          }
       }
       // 初始化一些ConfigurableEnvironment中的 ServletContext信息
       initPropertySources();
    }

### getWebServer() ###

获取 webServer 其实有多种选择，SpringBoot 不止内嵌了 Tocmat，还内嵌了 Jetty 等。  
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这里我们只看内嵌 tomcat，源码如下：

public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        
        // 创建内嵌tomcat，直接new出来的
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        // 设置工作目录
        File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory
            : createTempDir("tomcat");
        // 设置安装目录
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        // 初始化tomcat的连接器
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        // 设置自动部署为false
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        // 配置引擎
        configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
        
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }
        // 准备context
        prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        // 启动 tomcat
        return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
    }
    
    // 启动tomcat
    protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
          
        // 端口大于0启动启动  
        return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0); 
    }

TomcatWebServer 核心源码如下：

public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
        
        Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
        // 维护了一个tomcat的实例
        this.tomcat = tomcat;
        this.autoStart = autoStart;
        // 初始化方法，启动tomcat
        initialize();
    }
    
    // 初始化方法，启动tomcat
    private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
        
        logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
        synchronized (this.monitor) {
        
            try {
        
                addInstanceIdToEngineName();
    
                Context context = findContext();
                context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
        
                    if (context.equals(event.getSource())
                        && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
        
                        // Remove service connectors so that protocol binding doesn't
                        // happen when the service is started.
                        removeServiceConnectors();
                    }
                });
    
                // Start the server to trigger initialization listeners
                // 启动tomcat
                // 这里面会为Wrapper设置servletClass为dispatcherServlet
                this.tomcat.start();
    
                // We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread
                rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
    
                try {
        
                    ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(),
                                                    getClass().getClassLoader());
                }
                catch (NamingException ex) {
        
                    // Naming is not enabled. Continue
                }
    
                // Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a
                // blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown
                // 启动一个守护进程进行等待，以免程序直接停止结束
                startDaemonAwaitThread();
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
        
                stopSilently();
                throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
            }
        }
    }

可以看到，内嵌 Tomcat 已经 start 了。

那么，我们把 SpringBoot 的程序打成 war 的时候，是怎么样的原理了？Tomcat 启动带动 IOC 容器的启动，具体过程请参考下篇文章…

[SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43935927/article/details/110955820
[Tomcat_Tomcat]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43935927/article/details/108743198
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