Spring中@ResponseStatus注解的作用

悠悠 2022-12-27 07:14 221阅读 0赞

# 一、@ResponseStatus注解作用 #

`@ResponseStatus`注解是`spring-web`包中提供的一个注解，从下图部分源码中可以看出`@ResponseStatus`注解具有`value`、`code`、`reason` 三个属性。

@ResponseStatus注释可指定下表所示属性：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>属性</th> 
   <th>类型</th> 
   <th>是否必要</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>code</td> 
   <td>HttpStatus</td> 
   <td>否</td> 
   <td>http状态码，如HttpStatus.CREATED,HttpStatus.OK</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>value</td> 
   <td>String</td> 
   <td>否</td> 
   <td>同code属性</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>reason</td> 
   <td>HttpStatus</td> 
   <td>否</td> 
   <td>错误信息</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  **源码图**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 二、@ResponseStatus注解用法 #

`@ResponseStatus`注解有两种用法，一种是加载自定义异常类上，一种是加在目标方法中，当修饰一个类的时候，通常修饰的是一个异常类。

**Tips：** 这里我们说一下加在目标方法上的这种情况，注解中有两个参数，`value`属性设置异常的状态码，`reaseon`是对于异常的描述，其实`@ResponseStatus`大部分情况下更适合于在自定义异常类或者目标方法上使用。

## 1. @ResponseStatus响应失败 ##

@RequestMapping(value = "/helloResponseStatus")
    @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, reason = "404-NotFound")
    @ResponseBody
    public void helloResponseStatus(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name) { 
        System.out.println("======");
    }

*  **响应结果：**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

## 2. @ResponseStatus响应成功 ##

@RequestMapping(value = "/helloResponseStatus1")
    @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.OK, reason = "200-Success")
    @ResponseBody
    public void helloResponseStatus1(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name) { 
        System.out.println("======");
    }

*  **响应结果：**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 3. @ResponseStatus用在自定义异常类上 ##

> 使用时，先声明一个自定义异常类，在自定义异常类上面加上@ResponseStatus注释表示系统运行期间，当抛出自定义异常的时候，使用@ResponseStatus注解中声明的属性和reason属性将异常信息返回给客户端，提高可读性。

*  **BusinessException**

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
    
    @ResponseStatus(reason="The system is exception！")
    public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException
    { 
    }

*  **用在自定义异常类上：**

@RequestMapping(value = "/helloResponseStatus2")
        public void helloResponseStatus2(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name) { 
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) { 
                throw new BusinessException();
            }
        }

*  **响应结果：**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoaW5raW5nY2Fv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

# 三、@ResponseStatus与@ExceptionHandler组合使用 #

@ResponseStatus注解配合@ExceptionHandler注解使用会更好

@Slf4j
    public class BaseController { 
    
        @ExceptionHandler
        @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,reason = "系统繁忙，稍后访问")
        public @ResponseBody Object exceptionHandler(Exception exception, HttpServletResponse response) { 
            if (exception instanceof EnhancedException) { 
                exception.printStackTrace();
                log.error(exception.getMessage());
                return ApiResult.error(((EnhancedException) exception).getMessage());
            } else if (exception instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) { 
                //vi限制的异常信息
                exception.printStackTrace();
                log.error(exception.getMessage());
                return ApiResult.error(((MethodArgumentNotValidException) exception).getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0).getDefaultMessage());
            } else { 
                exception.printStackTrace();
                log.error(exception.getMessage());
                return ApiResult.error("系统发生错误。");
            }
        }
    
    }

# 四、HttpStatus #

package org.springframework.http;
    
    import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
    public enum HttpStatus { 
    
    	// 1xx Informational
    
    	/** * {@code 100 Continue}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.2.1">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.2.1</a> */
    	CONTINUE(100, "Continue"),
    	/** * {@code 101 Switching Protocols}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.2.2">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.2.2</a> */
    	SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS(101, "Switching Protocols"),
    	/** * {@code 102 Processing}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2518#section-10.1">WebDAV</a> */
    	PROCESSING(102, "Processing"),
    	/** * {@code 103 Checkpoint}. * @see <a href="https://code.google.com/p/gears/wiki/ResumableHttpRequestsProposal">A proposal for supporting * resumable POST/PUT HTTP requests in HTTP/1.0</a> */
    	CHECKPOINT(103, "Checkpoint"),
    
    	// 2xx Success
    
    	/** * {@code 200 OK}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.1">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.1</a> */
    	OK(200, "OK"),
    	/** * {@code 201 Created}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.2">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.2</a> */
    	CREATED(201, "Created"),
    	/** * {@code 202 Accepted}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.3">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.3</a> */
    	ACCEPTED(202, "Accepted"),
    	/** * {@code 203 Non-Authoritative Information}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.4">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.4</a> */
    	NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION(203, "Non-Authoritative Information"),
    	/** * {@code 204 No Content}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.5">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.5</a> */
    	NO_CONTENT(204, "No Content"),
    	/** * {@code 205 Reset Content}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.3.6">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.3.6</a> */
    	RESET_CONTENT(205, "Reset Content"),
    	/** * {@code 206 Partial Content}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7233#section-4.1">HTTP/1.1: Range Requests, section 4.1</a> */
    	PARTIAL_CONTENT(206, "Partial Content"),
    	/** * {@code 207 Multi-Status}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918#section-13">WebDAV</a> */
    	MULTI_STATUS(207, "Multi-Status"),
    	/** * {@code 208 Already Reported}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5842#section-7.1">WebDAV Binding Extensions</a> */
    	ALREADY_REPORTED(208, "Already Reported"),
    	/** * {@code 226 IM Used}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3229#section-10.4.1">Delta encoding in HTTP</a> */
    	IM_USED(226, "IM Used"),
    
    	// 3xx Redirection
    
    	/** * {@code 300 Multiple Choices}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.1">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.1</a> */
    	MULTIPLE_CHOICES(300, "Multiple Choices"),
    	/** * {@code 301 Moved Permanently}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.2</a> */
    	MOVED_PERMANENTLY(301, "Moved Permanently"),
    	/** * {@code 302 Found}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.3">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.3</a> */
    	FOUND(302, "Found"),
    	/** * {@code 302 Moved Temporarily}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1945#section-9.3">HTTP/1.0, section 9.3</a> * @deprecated in favor of {@link #FOUND} which will be returned from {@code HttpStatus.valueOf(302)} */
    	@Deprecated
    	MOVED_TEMPORARILY(302, "Moved Temporarily"),
    	/** * {@code 303 See Other}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.4</a> */
    	SEE_OTHER(303, "See Other"),
    	/** * {@code 304 Not Modified}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-4.1">HTTP/1.1: Conditional Requests, section 4.1</a> */
    	NOT_MODIFIED(304, "Not Modified"),
    	/** * {@code 305 Use Proxy}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.5">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.5</a> * @deprecated due to security concerns regarding in-band configuration of a proxy */
    	@Deprecated
    	USE_PROXY(305, "Use Proxy"),
    	/** * {@code 307 Temporary Redirect}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.7">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.4.7</a> */
    	TEMPORARY_REDIRECT(307, "Temporary Redirect"),
    	/** * {@code 308 Permanent Redirect}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7238">RFC 7238</a> */
    	PERMANENT_REDIRECT(308, "Permanent Redirect"),
    
    	// --- 4xx Client Error ---
    
    	/** * {@code 400 Bad Request}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.1">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.1</a> */
    	BAD_REQUEST(400, "Bad Request"),
    	/** * {@code 401 Unauthorized}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7235#section-3.1">HTTP/1.1: Authentication, section 3.1</a> */
    	UNAUTHORIZED(401, "Unauthorized"),
    	/** * {@code 402 Payment Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.2">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.2</a> */
    	PAYMENT_REQUIRED(402, "Payment Required"),
    	/** * {@code 403 Forbidden}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.3">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.3</a> */
    	FORBIDDEN(403, "Forbidden"),
    	/** * {@code 404 Not Found}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.4">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.4</a> */
    	NOT_FOUND(404, "Not Found"),
    	/** * {@code 405 Method Not Allowed}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.5">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.5</a> */
    	METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED(405, "Method Not Allowed"),
    	/** * {@code 406 Not Acceptable}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.6">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.6</a> */
    	NOT_ACCEPTABLE(406, "Not Acceptable"),
    	/** * {@code 407 Proxy Authentication Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7235#section-3.2">HTTP/1.1: Authentication, section 3.2</a> */
    	PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED(407, "Proxy Authentication Required"),
    	/** * {@code 408 Request Timeout}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.7">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.7</a> */
    	REQUEST_TIMEOUT(408, "Request Timeout"),
    	/** * {@code 409 Conflict}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.8">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.8</a> */
    	CONFLICT(409, "Conflict"),
    	/** * {@code 410 Gone}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.9"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.9</a> */
    	GONE(410, "Gone"),
    	/** * {@code 411 Length Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.10"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.10</a> */
    	LENGTH_REQUIRED(411, "Length Required"),
    	/** * {@code 412 Precondition failed}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-4.2"> * HTTP/1.1: Conditional Requests, section 4.2</a> */
    	PRECONDITION_FAILED(412, "Precondition Failed"),
    	/** * {@code 413 Payload Too Large}. * @since 4.1 * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.11"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.11</a> */
    	PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE(413, "Payload Too Large"),
    	/** * {@code 413 Request Entity Too Large}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-10.4.14">HTTP/1.1, section 10.4.14</a> * @deprecated in favor of {@link #PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE} which will be * returned from {@code HttpStatus.valueOf(413)} */
    	@Deprecated
    	REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE(413, "Request Entity Too Large"),
    	/** * {@code 414 URI Too Long}. * @since 4.1 * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.12"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.12</a> */
    	URI_TOO_LONG(414, "URI Too Long"),
    	/** * {@code 414 Request-URI Too Long}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-10.4.15">HTTP/1.1, section 10.4.15</a> * @deprecated in favor of {@link #URI_TOO_LONG} which will be returned from {@code HttpStatus.valueOf(414)} */
    	@Deprecated
    	REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG(414, "Request-URI Too Long"),
    	/** * {@code 415 Unsupported Media Type}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.13"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.13</a> */
    	UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE(415, "Unsupported Media Type"),
    	/** * {@code 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7233#section-4.4">HTTP/1.1: Range Requests, section 4.4</a> */
    	REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE(416, "Requested range not satisfiable"),
    	/** * {@code 417 Expectation Failed}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.14"> * HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.5.14</a> */
    	EXPECTATION_FAILED(417, "Expectation Failed"),
    	/** * {@code 418 I'm a teapot}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2324#section-2.3.2">HTCPCP/1.0</a> */
    	I_AM_A_TEAPOT(418, "I'm a teapot"),
    	/** * @deprecated See * <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?difftype=--hwdiff&url2=draft-ietf-webdav-protocol-06.txt"> * WebDAV Draft Changes</a> */
    	@Deprecated
    	INSUFFICIENT_SPACE_ON_RESOURCE(419, "Insufficient Space On Resource"),
    	/** * @deprecated See * <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?difftype=--hwdiff&url2=draft-ietf-webdav-protocol-06.txt"> * WebDAV Draft Changes</a> */
    	@Deprecated
    	METHOD_FAILURE(420, "Method Failure"),
    	/** * @deprecated * See <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?difftype=--hwdiff&url2=draft-ietf-webdav-protocol-06.txt"> * WebDAV Draft Changes</a> */
    	@Deprecated
    	DESTINATION_LOCKED(421, "Destination Locked"),
    	/** * {@code 422 Unprocessable Entity}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918#section-11.2">WebDAV</a> */
    	UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY(422, "Unprocessable Entity"),
    	/** * {@code 423 Locked}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918#section-11.3">WebDAV</a> */
    	LOCKED(423, "Locked"),
    	/** * {@code 424 Failed Dependency}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918#section-11.4">WebDAV</a> */
    	FAILED_DEPENDENCY(424, "Failed Dependency"),
    	/** * {@code 426 Upgrade Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2817#section-6">Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1</a> */
    	UPGRADE_REQUIRED(426, "Upgrade Required"),
    	/** * {@code 428 Precondition Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585#section-3">Additional HTTP Status Codes</a> */
    	PRECONDITION_REQUIRED(428, "Precondition Required"),
    	/** * {@code 429 Too Many Requests}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585#section-4">Additional HTTP Status Codes</a> */
    	TOO_MANY_REQUESTS(429, "Too Many Requests"),
    	/** * {@code 431 Request Header Fields Too Large}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585#section-5">Additional HTTP Status Codes</a> */
    	REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE(431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"),
    	/** * {@code 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-legally-restricted-status-04"> * An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles</a> * @since 4.3 */
    	UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS(451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons"),
    
    	// --- 5xx Server Error ---
    
    	/** * {@code 500 Internal Server Error}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.1">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.1</a> */
    	INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500, "Internal Server Error"),
    	/** * {@code 501 Not Implemented}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.2">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.2</a> */
    	NOT_IMPLEMENTED(501, "Not Implemented"),
    	/** * {@code 502 Bad Gateway}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.3">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.3</a> */
    	BAD_GATEWAY(502, "Bad Gateway"),
    	/** * {@code 503 Service Unavailable}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.4">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.4</a> */
    	SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE(503, "Service Unavailable"),
    	/** * {@code 504 Gateway Timeout}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.5">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.5</a> */
    	GATEWAY_TIMEOUT(504, "Gateway Timeout"),
    	/** * {@code 505 HTTP Version Not Supported}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.6">HTTP/1.1: Semantics and Content, section 6.6.6</a> */
    	HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED(505, "HTTP Version not supported"),
    	/** * {@code 506 Variant Also Negotiates} * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295#section-8.1">Transparent Content Negotiation</a> */
    	VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES(506, "Variant Also Negotiates"),
    	/** * {@code 507 Insufficient Storage} * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918#section-11.5">WebDAV</a> */
    	INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE(507, "Insufficient Storage"),
    	/** * {@code 508 Loop Detected} * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5842#section-7.2">WebDAV Binding Extensions</a> */
    	LOOP_DETECTED(508, "Loop Detected"),
    	/** * {@code 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded} */
    	BANDWIDTH_LIMIT_EXCEEDED(509, "Bandwidth Limit Exceeded"),
    	/** * {@code 510 Not Extended} * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2774#section-7">HTTP Extension Framework</a> */
    	NOT_EXTENDED(510, "Not Extended"),
    	/** * {@code 511 Network Authentication Required}. * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585#section-6">Additional HTTP Status Codes</a> */
    	NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED(511, "Network Authentication Required");
    
    
    	private final int value;
    
    	private final String reasonPhrase;
    
    
    	HttpStatus(int value, String reasonPhrase) { 
    		this.value = value;
    		this.reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase;
    	}
    }

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