Web自动化测试[playwright概述]

梦里梦外; 2022-12-27 01:54 266阅读 0赞

微软开源了一款Python自动化依赖库：playwright-python，它支持主流的浏览器，同时支持以无头模式、有头模式运行；playwright-python还提供了同步、异步的 API，可以结合 Pytest 测试框架使用；支持python、C\#、JS等;详情可以通过[Github:playwright-python][Github_playwright-python]和[API:playwright-python][API_playwright-python]和[Docs:playwright-python][Docs_playwright-python]查看

## playwright 特色 ##

>  *  Ever-green browser engines
>  *  Headless execution
>  *  Scenarios that span multiple pages, domains and iframes
>  *  Auto-wait for elements to be ready before executing actions (like click, fill)
>  *  Reliable signals instead of timeouts (like network response, popup, navigation)
>  *  Intercept network activity for stubbing and mocking network requests
>  *  Emulate mobile devices, geolocation, permissions
>  *  Support for web components via shadow-piercing selectors
>  *  Native input events for mouse and keyboard
>  *  Upload and download files
>  *  Language to use, one of javascript, python, python-async, csharp (default: “python”)

## 安装playwright ##

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install playwright
    Collecting playwright
      Downloading playwright-0.162.2-py3-none-win32.whl (45.8 MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 45.8 MB 33 kB/s
    Collecting greenlet==1.0a1
      Downloading greenlet-1.0a1-cp37-cp37m-win32.whl (91 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 91 kB 13 kB/s
    Collecting pyee>=8.0.1
      Downloading pyee-8.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
    Collecting typing-extensions
      Downloading typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
    Installing collected packages: typing-extensions, pyee, greenlet, playwright
      Attempting uninstall: greenlet
        Found existing installation: greenlet 0.4.17
        Uninstalling greenlet-0.4.17:
          Successfully uninstalled greenlet-0.4.17
    Successfully installed greenlet-1.0a1 playwright-0.162.2 pyee-8.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3

## 安装浏览器驱动 ##

C:\Users\Administrator>python -m playwright install
    Downloading chromium v827102 - 86.1 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s
    chromium v827102 downloaded to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\ms-playwright\chromium-827102
    Downloading firefox v1205 - 74.8 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s
    firefox v1205 downloaded to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\ms-playwright\firefox-1205
    Downloading webkit v1383 - 51.4 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s
    webkit v1383 downloaded to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\ms-playwright\webkit-1383

## 实例使用 ##

### 脚本录制 ###

C:\Users\Administrator>python -m playwright codegen --help
    Usage: index codegen [options] [url]
    
    open page and generate code for user actions
    
    Options:
      -o, --output <file name>  saves the generated script to a file
      --target <language>       language to use, one of javascript, python, python-async, csharp (default: "python")
      -h, --help                display help for command
    
    Examples:
    
      $ codegen
      $ codegen --target=python
      $ -b webkit codegen https://example.com

实际执行一条命令

python -m playwright codegen --target python -o davieyang.py -b chromium https://www.baidu.com

Google浏览器会自动弹出并打开百度页面  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Rhd2VpX3lhbmcwMDAwMDA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
在页面上做一些操作，都会被记录在命令行窗口中，然后在`C:\Users\Administrator`下便可以找到自动生成的脚本文件

from playwright import sync_playwright
    
    def run(playwright):
        browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
        context = browser.newContext()
    
        # Open new page
        page = context.newPage()
    
        # Go to https://www.baidu.com/
        page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
    
        # Click input[name="wd"]
        page.click("input[name=\"wd\"]")
    
        # Fill input[name="wd"]
        page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "davieyang")
    
        # Go to https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=davieyang&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=bd7fdf76000822b7&rsv_t=01963XhEzymZUudteU%2BMRAbE5nBWJjrYhyMTVUz3hq7j0bU5Z2gZAQ5uRnQ&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=0&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=11&rsv_sug1=6&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_btype=i&inputT=3810&rsv_sug4=5977
        page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=davieyang&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=bd7fdf76000822b7&rsv_t=01963XhEzymZUudteU%2BMRAbE5nBWJjrYhyMTVUz3hq7j0bU5Z2gZAQ5uRnQ&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=0&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=11&rsv_sug1=6&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_btype=i&inputT=3810&rsv_sug4=5977")
    
        # Go to https://github.com/davieyang/
        page1.goto("https://github.com/davieyang/")
    
        # Close page
        page1.close()
    
        # Close page
        page.close()
    
        # ---------------------
        context.close()
        browser.close()
    
    with sync_playwright() as playwright:
        run(playwright)

### 同步sync\_playwright ###

from time import sleep
    
    from playwright import sync_playwright
    
    # 注意：默认是无头模式
    
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        # 分别对应三个浏览器驱动
        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
    
            # 指定为有头模式，方便查看
            browser = browser_type.launch(headless=False)
            page = browser.newPage()
            page.goto('http://baidu.com')
    
            # 执行一次搜索操作
            page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "AirPython")
            with page.expect_navigation():
                page.press("input[name=\"wd\"]", "Enter")
    
            # 等待页面加载完全
            page.waitForSelector("text=百度热榜")
    
            # 截图
            page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
    
            # 休眠5s
            sleep(5)
    
            # 关闭浏览器
            browser.close()

### 异步async\_playwright ###

import asyncio
    
    from playwright import async_playwright
    
    # 异步执行
    async def main():
        async with async_playwright() as p:
            for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
                # 指定为有头模式，方便查看
                browser = await browser_type.launch(headless=False)
                page = await browser.newPage()
    
                await page.goto('http://baidu.com')
    
                # 执行一次搜索操作
                await page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "AirPython")
                await page.press("input[name=\"wd\"]", "Enter")
    
                # 等待页面加载完全
                await page.waitForSelector("text=百度热榜")
    
                # 截图
                await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
    
                await browser.close()
    
    
    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

[Github_playwright-python]: https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python
[API_playwright-python]: https://microsoft.github.io/playwright-python/index.html
[Docs_playwright-python]: https://playwright.dev/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Rhd2VpX3lhbmcwMDAwMDA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/94f59bf8811b4c58a0482fe2913207a8.png